Municipality in Artvin, Turkey
Ardanuc
(
Georgian
:
????????, Artanuji
;
Armenian
:
????????, Artanuj
) is a town in
Artvin Province
in
Turkey
's
Black Sea
region of
Turkey
, 32 km east of
Artvin
. The name Ardanuc derives from
Lazuri
language and Armenian (
Laz
:
Artanish-Uji
;
lit.
"edge of
Ardahan
” in Lazuri and “Ard” meaning field in Armenian"). It is the seat of
Ardanuc District
.
[2]
Its population is 5,470 (2021).
[1]
History
[
edit
]
The history of this area goes back to the settlement of the banks of the
Coruh River
by the
Hurri
and
Mitanni
branches of the
Hittites
in 2000 BC. The first mention of Ardanuc was in a
Urartu
monument to the defeat of the local people in battle by King
Sarduri II
in 753 BC. Then in the 7th century BC the
Saka
or
Scythians
are known to have settled and they dominated Artanuj.The castle of Artanuj was built by Georgian king
Vakhtang Gorgasali
(5th century AD).
[3]
The castle was besieged by Arab caliph Marwan II (688?750)
Umayyad
in 744 AD. and was restored by Ashot I
Bagrationi
in the 8th century.
[4]
He also founded a city, which became the center of the "Kingdom of Georgians" of
Tao-Klarjeti
.
[5]
[6]
Fighting between the
Bagrationi
and
Anatolian beyliks
began in 1080. Artanuj being a mountain stronghold was hard to capture, although it did fall to the
Mongols
during their wars with the Turks and Georgians in the 13th century and was brought into the
Ottoman Empire
in 1551 by
Suleiman the Magnificent
following yet another siege, this time to overturn the local ruler,
Atabeg
of
Samtskhe
Jakeli.
Following the
Russo-Turkish War (1877?1878)
Artanuj/Ardanuc was ceded to
Russia
. During the early stages of the
First World War
, Ottoman irregular forces carried out massacres of the local Armenian and other members of the Christian population.
[7]
After the
Russian Revolution
Artanuj became part of
Democratic Republic of Georgia
. The young state placed itself under
German protection
and ceded its largely
Muslim
-inhabited regions (including the cities of
Batum
,
Ardahan
,
Artvin
,
Akhaltsikhe
and
Akhalkalaki
) to the Ottoman government (
Treaty of Batum
, June 4). Following the end of the war, in 1920 Georgia regained control over Artvin, Ardahan, Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki. However, after the
Red Army's invasion of Georgia
, the region was occupied by the newly formed Republic of Turkey.
Iskender Pasha Mosque
[
edit
]
The Iskender Pasha Mosque and Tombs (
?skender Pa?a Camii ve Turbeleri
) was commissioned by Iskender Pasha and opened in 1553. It is built in a classical Ottoman style and has four domes. It also contains the tombs of Hatice Hanım, Ali Pasha and Suleyman Pasha.
Geography
[
edit
]
Ardanuc is a mountainous district, rising from 250 m (820 ft) in the
?av?at River
basin (
?av?at
district) up to the highest point, 3,050 m (10,010 ft)
Mount Cadır
. Other high mountains are
Kurdevan
,
Yalnızcam
and
Mount Horasan
. The town of Ardanuc is on the western side of
Yalnızcam Mount
and at the conjunction of
Bulanık
,
Aydın
and
Horhot
streams.
The
Cehennem Deresi Canyon
, located 7 km (4.3 mi) north of Ardanuc, is a tourist attraction.
[8]
Climate
[
edit
]
Ardanuc has an
oceanic climate
(
Koppen
:
Cfb
).
Climate data for Ardanuc
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?0.2
(31.6)
|
1.5
(34.7)
|
5.5
(41.9)
|
10.9
(51.6)
|
14.9
(58.8)
|
18.1
(64.6)
|
20.9
(69.6)
|
21.0
(69.8)
|
17.7
(63.9)
|
12.9
(55.2)
|
7.4
(45.3)
|
2.4
(36.3)
|
11.1
(52.0)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
80
(3.1)
|
70
(2.8)
|
56
(2.2)
|
63
(2.5)
|
63
(2.5)
|
67
(2.6)
|
49
(1.9)
|
54
(2.1)
|
67
(2.6)
|
88
(3.5)
|
91
(3.6)
|
101
(4.0)
|
849
(33.4)
|
Source: Climate-Data.org
[9]
|
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021"
(XLS)
(in Turkish).
TU?K
. Retrieved
12 January
2023
.
- ^
?lce Belediyesi
, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^
Dzhuansher Dzhuansheriani,
Zhizn' Vakhtanga Gorgasala
, trans. and ed. G.V. Tsulaia, Tbilisi, 1986, p. 79.
- ^
Robert W. Edwards, “The Fortifications of Artvin: A Second Preliminary Report on the Marchlands of Northeast Turkey,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 39 (1985): pp.171-174, pls.20-30.
- ^
Sumbat Davitis-dze,
Istoriia i povestovanie o Bagrationakh
, trans. М. D. Lordpanikidze, р. 31.
- ^
Д. Л. Мусхелишвили, Основные вопросы исторической географии Грузии, II, p. 174?176 (in russian)
- ^
Candan Badem, “The War at the Caucasus Front: A Matrix for Genocide,” in
The End of the Ottomans: The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism
, eds. Hans-Lukas Kieser et al. (London: I.B. Tauris, 2019), 47-66.
- ^
"Artvin'deki Cehennem Deresi Kanyonu'nda 'buyuleyen' yolculuk"
.
NTV
(in Turkish). 3 May 2018
. Retrieved
29 January
2019
.
- ^
"Climate:Ardanuc"
. Climate-Data.org
. Retrieved
11 April
2014
.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Ardanuc
.