Multi-purpose sports arena in Quezon City, Philippines
Araneta Coliseum
|
|
Araneta Coliseum in 2017
|
|
Full name
| Smart Araneta Coliseum
|
---|
Former names
| Araneta Coliseum Cinema, Philippine Coliseum, and Shell Coliseum
|
---|
Location
| Araneta City
,
Cubao
,
Quezon City
,
Metro Manila
|
---|
Coordinates
| 14°37′14″N
121°3′12″E
/
14.62056°N 121.05333°E
/
14.62056; 121.05333
|
---|
Public transit
| Araneta Center-Cubao
3
Araneta Center-Cubao
51
53
61
Farmers Plaza
3
LRT 2-Gateway Mall
UBE
Araneta City Bus Port
1
Cubao
|
---|
Parking
| 1,500 parking spaces (Araneta City Parking Garage South)
[6]
|
---|
Owner
| Progressive Development Corporation
|
---|
Operator
| United Promotions, Inc. (Uniprom)
|
---|
Capacity
| Basketball: 14,429
[1]
Concert: 9,679
[2]
Boxing: 15,895
[3]
Full house: 16,035
[4]
to 20,000
[5]
|
---|
Record attendance
| 25,000?36,000
[7]
|
---|
Scoreboard
| ADSystems 4-side LED display (Big Cube), OES ISC9000 Controller, and Homeworks Trading timer
|
---|
|
Broke ground
| 1957
|
---|
Built
| 1958
|
---|
Opened
| March 16, 1960
; 64 years ago
(
1960-03-16
)
|
---|
Renovated
| 1999
2014
2023
|
---|
Construction cost
| ?
6 million
(1958)
|
---|
Architect
| Dominador Lugtu
|
---|
|
NCAA
(1960?2012, 2017?2018, 2022?present)
UAAP
(1960?present)
PBA
(1975?1984, 1995?present)
|
|
https://smartaranetacoliseum.com/
|
The
Araneta Coliseum
, also currently known by
naming rights
sponsorship as
Smart Araneta Coliseum
, is an indoor multi-purpose
sports arena
that is part of the
Araneta City
in the
Cubao
area of
Quezon City
, Philippines. Nicknamed as "
the Big Dome
", it is one of the largest indoor arenas in Asia, and one of the largest
clear span
domes in the world. The dome measures approximately 108.0 meters (354.3 ft) making it the largest dome in Asia from its opening in 1960 until 2001 when it was surpassed by the
?ita Stadium
in Japan with a dome measuring 274.0 meters (899.0 ft).
[8]
The Smart Araneta Coliseum is mostly used for indoor sports such as basketball and volleyball. It is a main venue of the
Philippine Basketball Association
[9]
and for the basketball games of the
National Collegiate Athletic Association
and the
University Athletic Association of the Philippines
throughout various game seasons. The Big Dome is also used for other sports and events such as
boxing
,
cockfighting
, local and international concerts,
circuses
, religious gatherings, and beauty pageants.
[10]
History
[
edit
]
In 1952,
J. Amado Araneta
, a member of the
Araneta family
, purchased from
Radio Corporation of America
(RCA) 35 hectares (86 acres) of land in Cubao which includes the
Araneta family
home and is bounded by
Epifanio Delos Santos Avenue
or EDSA, Aurora Boulevard, P. Tuazon and 15th Avenue. During this time, Araneta envisioned a multi-events venue inspired by the
Madison Square Garden
in
New York City
and the Roman
Colosseum
in
Rome
,
Italy
, which drew criticisms from his business advisers and even Amado's personal friends.
[11]
This vision led to the development of business and lifestyle buildings surrounding the coliseum, which ultimately gave rise to the Araneta Center, now renamed as the
Araneta City
.
[12]
[13]
The Araneta Coliseum was constructed from 1957 to late 1959 and designed and built by Architect Dominador Lacson Lugtu and Engineer Leonardo Onjunco Lugtu. From 1960 to 1963, the Coliseum was recognized as the largest covered coliseum in the world.
[14]
Today, it remains one of the largest
clear span
domes in the world with a dome diameter of 108 meters.
[
citation needed
]
The coliseum opened on March 16, 1960, with
Gabriel "Flash" Elorde
boxing for the World Junior Lightweight crown against
Harold Gomes
. General admission then was 80 centavos, and the reserve section was five pesos.
[7]
The total demand for people who wished to enter the coliseum to watch the boxing match live breached its capacity, wherein the total capacity of the coliseum was only 36,000 people, while the total number of people who came to the coliseum totaled to around 50,000 people.
[7]
The coliseum also featured a swimming pool and a
gazebo
during its opening, located to the current site of the Araneta City Parking Garage South and the
Novotel Manila Araneta City
. However, the featured facilities closed down a few years later.
[15]
Among the notable events to take place at the arena were the
11th
and
34th
FAMAS Awards
, the 1975 "
Thrilla in Manila
" boxing match between
Muhammad Ali
and
Joe Frazier
, in which the arena was renamed into the "Philippine Coliseum", and the annual
Binibining Pilipinas
beauty pageant. During the Thrilla in Manila, all of the 36,000 seats to watch the event live were sold out.
[16]
Aside from boxing marches, the
Philippine Basketball Association
(PBA) has played most of their games at the Araneta Coliseum since its creation in 1975.
[17]
Other basketball events hosted by the arena were the
1978 FIBA World Championship
, a game between the
1978 NBA champions
Washington Bullets
and a PBA selection in 1979, and the 1982 Asian Youth Basketball Championship where the Philippines defeated China in the final.
[18]
In the third quarter of 1998, the Aranetas and Pilipinas Shell (local arm of
Royal Dutch Shell
) started negotiations for a
naming rights
deal that would have lasted until 2008. The Aranetas, who wanted to retain their name at the arena rejected the proposed name "
Shell Coliseum at the Araneta Center
". Instead, the parties agreed on a contract where Shell's name and logo will be painted at the arena's basketball court, a move that was almost shelved due to objections from other PBA teams because Shell owned the then-PBA team, the
Shell Turbo Chargers
.
[19]
In 1999, the Araneta Group initially planned to demolish the coliseum due to high amusement taxes and rising costs, which gave the company little revenue despite being subsidized by the company. The planned demolition was one of the proposals to the company in order to save funds for other business ventures. The plan was eventually scrapped in favor of the coliseum's renovation project.
[20]
The coliseum underwent its first major renovation at the cost of ?200 million.
[21]
The major changes include the renovation of the lower box area, replacement of seats for the patron and lower box sections, and installation of a four-sided center-hung scoreboard. The section names were also given numerical designations: 100 for Patron section, 200 for Lower Box, 300 for Upper Box A, and 400 for Upper Box B. In 2006, an LED display was added to the scoreboard.
From 2001 to 2008, the highest-grossing event at the arena is the
Pacquiao vs. Larios
boxing fight between
Manny Pacquiao
and
Oscar Larios
, earning ?96.2 million. A concert by
Westlife
was attended by 17,887 people and earned ?18.5 million, while a
Cliff Richard
concert earned ?17.2 million despite being watched by 5,647 spectators.
[18]
Prior to the
Ultimate All-Star Weekend
in July 2011, it was announced that the Aranetas entered into a
naming rights
deal with
mobile network operator
Smart Communications, Inc.
(a subsidiary of
Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
), renaming the arena into "Smart Araneta Coliseum". The 5-year naming rights deal includes improvements and renovations to the arena such as the installation of curved escalators to improve access in the upper box and general admission areas (the plan was subsequently cancelled due to undisclosed reasons), and the construction of a parking lot that can accommodate up to 2,000 cars. The overall renovation project of the coliseum costed ?1 billion.
[19]
Additional improvements for the renovation of the coliseum were made in 2012, including the renovation of the Red Gate entrance and the Green Gate side facade, landscaped surroundings, and the replacement of Upper Box level seats, thus increasing its
seating capacity
.
[22]
The Lower Box and Patron sections were combined to make a new Patron section (100 and 200 level seats). A pathway between the former Patron and Lower Box sections was also made. The former Upper Box A section (300 level seats) was renamed as Box section and the former Upper Box B section (400 level seats) is now referred to as the "Upper Box" section. The renovation project of the coliseum was completed in June 2014.
On January 7, 2015, the Hydra-Rib basketball backboards first used in 1995 were replaced with Spalding ones. The backboards were first used in Game 1 of the
2014?15 PBA Philippine Cup Finals
. On June 9, 2017, the OES SHOTS-14G7 shot clocks were replaced. The newer clocks were first used in Game 3 of the
2017 PBA Commissioner's Cup
Quarterfinals match between the
TNT Katropa
and
Meralco Bolts
.
Ahead of the
2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup
, the Araneta Coliseum underwent renovation. Renovation works included the replacement of the previous "Big Cube" LED video board with a slightly larger one, as well as the refurbishment of seating areas and renovation of team dugouts. New upper box, lower box and general admission entrances connecting to
Gateway Mall 2
were also built, as well as a new "Coliseum Plaza" a food hall located along the Red Gate entrance .
[23]
[24]
[25]
Architecture and design
[
edit
]
The Araneta Coliseum is an
indoor arena
designed by Dominador Lacson Lugtu. The sports venue has a large span dome with a diameter of 108 meters (354 ft) as its roof.
[14]
The dome is 37 meters (121 ft) high at its highest point.
[26]
The structure is supported by 48 concrete columns and 48 metal ribs.
[27]
It has a floor area of 2,300 square meters (25,000 sq ft).
[14]
Richard de Leon of Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific did the steel framework of the venue ? 4,965 aluminum sheets of gauge measuring 7.3 by 1.2 by 2.4 metres (24 ft × 4 ft × 8 ft) was devised.
Steam-treated
wood from a variety of Philippine
hardwood
such as apitong,
tanguile
and
narra
fitted using
tongue and groove
was also used as support.
[27]
Notable events
[
edit
]
Basketball
[
edit
]
Araneta Coliseum, along with
SM Mall of Asia Arena
, is the primary venue of the
Philippine Basketball Association
(PBA) and the
University Athletic Association of the Philippines
(UAAP) basketball.
It annually hosts every
PBA Basketball Championship
and
NCAA Basketball Championship
, as well as the regular season and off-season opening games and championships of
UAAP Basketball
,
UNTV Cup
, and
Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League
.
The
SEABA U16 Championship
on May 14 to 18, 2017 and
2017 SEABA Championship
on May 15 to 21, 2017 were held in the arena, where the Philippines won their 4th
SEABA U-16
and 8th
SEABA
title.
FIBA World Cups
[
edit
]
The first FIBA Basketball World Cup (previously called FIBA World Championship) held in Asia was the
1978 FIBA World Championship
in the Philippines from October 1 to 14, 1978. The arena was one of the two venues, alongside
Rizal Memorial Coliseum
, and was the venue for the final round.
It was also one of the venues for the
2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup
, which was co-hosted by the Philippines from August 25 to September 10, 2023. The tournament's final draw was held at the Coliseum on April 29, 2023.
[28]
The arena hosted the first and 17th?32nd classification rounds.
Qualifiers
[
edit
]
The arena has hosted qualifying events for the FIBA Basketball World Cups. It hosted some matches for the first round of the
2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification
for the
FIBA Asia
-
Oceania
in February 2022.
Boxing
[
edit
]
The arena, which was temporarily renamed to "Philippine Coliseum" for the event, was the venue of the infamous
Thrilla in Manila
, the 1975 World Heavyweight Championship boxing match between
Muhammad Ali
and
Joe Frazier
. It was the third and final match of the three-bout rivalry between the two boxers and was held on October 1, 1975.
Ali won by corner retirement (RTD) after Frazier's chief second asked the referee to stop the fight after the 14th round. The bout is universally regarded as one of the best and most brutal fights in boxing history. It was reportedly watched by a total of 1 billion viewers, and by 50,000 people inside the arena, breaching the venue's total design capacity of 36,000 people.
Volleyball
[
edit
]
Araneta Coliseum regularly hosts the UAAP
Volleyball
championships. It is one of the four primary venue for the
Premier Volleyball League
along with
Filoil EcoOil Centre
,
PhilSports Arena
, and
Mall of Asia Arena
.
Quezon City was one of the host cities for the
2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League
preliminary round, with the arena hosting the pool 4 matches of the tournament from June 14 to 19, and the
2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League
preliminary round pool 3 matches from June 21 to 26.
Entertainment events
[
edit
]
The coliseum also hosts other type of events including concerts, graduation ceremonies, seminars,
ice shows
, circuses, and beauty pageants.
From 1990 until 2016, the coliseum hosted
Disney on Ice
productions during the holiday season; since 2016, the
Mall of Asia Arena
in
Pasay
began hosting these productions.
[29]
During its early years in the 1960s, international acts who have performed at the coliseum included
Holiday on Ice
,
Harlem Globetrotters
,
Nat King Cole
,
Johnny Mathis
,
Neil Sedaka
,
Jo Ann Campbell
,
Ricky Nelson
,
Paul Anka
,
The Ventures
,
The Everly Brothers
and
The Dave Clark Five
.
Music concerts
[
edit
]
Some notable international performers include
Air Supply
in 2008,
Akon
on July 4, 2009,
[30]
Kelly Clarkson
as part of her
All I Ever Wanted World Tour
on May 1, 2010,
[31]
Incubus
in 2008 and 2011,
Carly Rae Jepsen
in 2013 and 2015,
[32]
Lady Gaga
as part of her
The Fame Ball Tour
on August 11, 2009,
Avril Lavigne
as part of her
The Best Damn Tour
on September 3, 2008,
[33]
The Black Star Tour
on February 16, 2012
[34]
and the
Avril Lavigne On Tour
on February 17, 2014,
Kylie Minogue
as part of her
Aphrodite: Les Folies Tour
on July 5, 2011,
Bruno Mars
as part of his
The Doo-Wops and Hooligans Tour
on April 8, 2011,
The Script
(in 2011 and 2013),
Snow Patrol
(on August 9, 2012),
Taylor Swift
as part of her
Speak Now Tour
on February 19, 2011,
[35]
and
Westlife
in 2001, 2006, 2011, 2019, and 2023.
[36]
as well as the
American Idols LIVE! Tour 2011
(on September 21 and 22, 2011),
[37]
and the
American Idols LIVE! Tour 2012
(on September 21, 2012).
[38]
Following her performance with the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2012 five months prior, Filipino-American
American Idol
runner-up
Jessica Sanchez
had her first sold out solo concert at the coliseum on February 14, 2013.
[39]
American singer-songwriter
Lauv
performed at the coliseum as part of his How I'm Feeling tour, on May 20, 2019. Additionally, Lauv also premiered his new single,
Sad Forever
during his concert.
The coliseum also housed
K-pop
artists like
Super Junior
's
Super Show
-the first Korean to perform in the arena,
2NE1
,
SS501
,
CNBLUE
,
Beast
and
EXO
.
[40]
[41]
K-pop
group
U-KISS
also had their concert at the big dome and later released into a concert DVD dubbed as
U-KISS 1st Kiss Tour in Manila DVD
.
[42]
It was the first time that an international artist released a concert DVD featuring the coliseum.
GOT7
's first fan meeting in Manila was also held in the Coliseum last November 14, 2015.
On April 14, 2018,
Sarah Geronimo
held her 15th showbiz anniversary concert called "
This Is Me
" stylized as "This 15 Me" at the Araneta Coliseum. The sold-out concert was reported as the "Highest Grossing Local Concert of All-time."
Netflix
acquired the rights to stream the
concert film
starting in August 2019 making Geronimo the first Southeast Asian artist to have a concert film on the said platform.
At the turn of the new millennium,
Regine Velasquez
held her iconic two-night sold-out concert entitled
R2K: The Concert
, in support of her album
R2K
, on April 7 and 8, 2000. R2K The Concert became the most attended concert at the coliseum with over 37,000 attendees, was center staged and has used the
seating capacity
to its 360-degree maximum.
Filipina female supergroup DIVAS, which is composed of
Kyla
,
Yeng Constantino
,
KZ Tandingan
and
Angeline Quinto
staged two concerts at the Araneta, their first concert titled DIVAS Live in Manila, and another one in 2018 with
Boyz II Men
titled Boyz II Men with DIVAS.
To date, the
TNT BOYS
are the youngest performers to stage a concert in the Coliseum between the ages of 12 and 14 with their Listen: The Big Shot Concert held on November 30, 2018.
Pageants
[
edit
]
The arena has been the venue of the
Binibining Pilipinas
pageants annually since its inception in 1964.
Mister World 2019
was also held on August 23, 2019, at the arena, the first time the Philippines hosted the pageant.
Other entertainment events
[
edit
]
- Noontime show
Eat Bulaga!
also used the coliseum for some special events such as its TV special
Eat... Bulaga!: Moving On
on February 18, 1989, and its 10th anniversary on September 23, 1989, in
ABS-CBN
and
Eat...Bulaga!: The Moving
held on January 28, 1995, on its new home,
GMA Network
.
- It also serves as a venue for different reality show finales, including
Pinoy Big Brother
,
Pilipinas Got Talent
,
Philippine Idol
,
Starstruck
, and
Artista Academy
(which held its one-time grand audition
[43]
at the coliseum).
[44]
[45]
[46]
- The Coliseum is also home to the annual
ABS-CBN
Christmas special since 2008, which is typically held on the second Tuesday of December, except in 2014 (due to
Typhoon Ruby
) and 2020, 2021 and 2022 due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
.
- The Coliseum has hosted the
A Song of Praise Music Festival (ASOP)
Grand Finals Night from 2012 to 2017,
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
and the
Wish 107.5 Music Awards (WMA)
annually every January since 2016 (except in 2020 where it was held in the
Mall of Asia Arena
instead).
[53]
However, as the
coronavirus pandemic began to spread
across the country in early 2020, events across the Araneta were postponed/cancelled to prevent further spread of the disease. The venue later resumed hosting events through the
6th Wish 107.5 Music Awards
. However, due to the protocols imposed by the
Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases
, the event was held
without any live audience
.
- The Coliseum annually hosts the
PPOPCON
, a music fan convention and concert that celebrates
Pinoy pop
music and culture.
Religious events
[
edit
]
The Big Dome also hosted a praise and worship concerts like
Israel Houghton
,
Parachute Band
,
Don Moen
,
Bethel Music
,
Hillsong Worship
,
Sonicflood
,
Planetshakers
,
Planetboom
,
Hillsong Young & Free
and
Hillsong UNITED
.
Starting 2017, The Annual
Planetshakers Conference
is being held at the coliseum.
[54]
The Big Dome is also the venue of religious gatherings like the anniversary celebration of
Ang Dating Daan
(English:
The Old Path
, the flagship program of the
Members Church of God International
),
Christ's Commission Fellowship
,
Iglesia ni Cristo
, International Convention of Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch),
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Philippines
,
Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide
,
Jesus Miracle Crusade
,
Kingdom of Jesus Christ: The Name Above Every Name
(during early years), Shalom CCFI (Every Holy Week), the Special Assembly of
Jehovah's Witnesses
and
Victory Christian Fellowship
.
[55]
Other
[
edit
]
- On October 12, 2014, the main celebration of the 75th Diamond Anniversary of
Quezon City
was held at the coliseum.
[56]
- On May 1, 2022,
Labor Day
, a rally was held at the coliseum organized by supporters of Vice President
Leni Robredo
and Senator
Francis Pangilinan
. This was part of
their campaign as president and vice president, respectively
for the
2022 Philippine presidential election
.
[57]
- The Coliseum was used as a Mega Vaccination Center for the rollout of the Quezon City Vaccination Drive against the
COVID-19 pandemic
, capable of vaccinating 1,000 to 1,500 people daily. The vaccination center began its operations on May 15, 2021, and it is also one of the largest vaccination sites in the country, following the opening of
The Galeon
vaccination center, located at the
SM Mall of Asia
in
Pasay City
.
[58]
[59]
- The arena hosted the Philippine Circuit 2024 (January 17?21, 2024), Asia's biggest
dog show
by the Philippine Canine Club, Inc., with 16 judges and 13 bests in show. The club's president Augusto Benedicto Santos III said "around 300 foreign dogs from different countries in Asia and Europe joined the dog show". It also formally introduced the
Philippine Forest Dog
or "Asong Gubat," (Irog, Mayumi and Muty) which the Club "hoped will be the first dog breed from the Philippines that will be recognized by the
Federation Cynologique Internationale
."
[60]
[61]
[62]
[63]
Attendance records
[
edit
]
During its opening on March 16, 1960, the boxing match between
Gabriel "Flash" Elorde
and
Harold Gomes
garnered a full capacity of 36,000 people who viewed the match live, yet the total number of people who visited the coliseum and wanted to purchase tickets totaled to around 50,000 people. The same scenario occurred on October 1, 1975, when the
Thrilla in Manila
took place. The Coliseum was filled with more than 36,000 people despite the hot & humid temperatures.
[7]
[16]
In between the renovations done in 1999 and 2014, the
seventh game
of the
2013?14 PBA Philippine Cup Semifinals series
between
Barangay Ginebra San Miguel
and
San Mig Super Coffee Mixers
on February 12, 2014, set the record of 24,883.
[64]
Later that year and after renovations, the third game of the
UAAP Season 77 Men's Basketball Tournament Finals Series
between the
FEU Tamaraws
and
NU Bulldogs
on October 15, 2014, set the all-time basketball attendance record of 25,138 which broke the previous record last October 8, 2014, the second game of the series (one week before the third game) attendance of 24,896.
[65]
This was broken in the final game of the
UAAP Season 86 Men's Basketball Tournament Finals
between the
De La Salle Green Archers
and the
UP Fighting Maroons
, which was watched live by 25,192 people.
[66]
Type
|
Event
|
Attendance
|
Date
|
Ref.
|
Overall
|
Gabriel "Flash" Elorde
vs
Harold Gomes
(1960)
Thrilla in Manila
|
36,000 (
est.
)
|
March 16, 1960
October 1, 1975
|
[7]
[16]
|
Basketball
|
UP Fighting Maroons
vs
De La Salle Green Archers
UAAP Season 86 Men's Basketball Tournament Finals
|
25,192
|
December 6, 2023
|
[66]
|
Boxing
|
Gabriel "Flash" Elorde
vs
Harold Gomes
(1960)
Thrilla in Manila
|
36,000 (
est.
)
|
March 16, 1960
October 1, 1975
|
[7]
[16]
|
Volleyball
|
Choco Mucho Flying Titans
vs
Creamline Cool Smashers
2023 PVL Second All-Filipino Conference Finals
|
24,459
|
December 16, 2023
|
|
Gallery
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"SEATING- Basketball"
.
Smart Araneta Coliseum
. Retrieved
April 22,
2022
.
- ^
"SEATING- Concert"
.
Smart Araneta Coliseum
. Archived from
the original
on March 9, 2018
. Retrieved
March 8,
2018
.
- ^
"SEATING- Boxing"
.
Smart Araneta Coliseum
. Archived from
the original
on March 9, 2018
. Retrieved
March 8,
2018
.
- ^
"10 Popular Venues in Manila for Big Events"
.
Philippine Primer
. Retrieved
March 8,
2018
.
- ^
"The Araneta Group - ACI, Inc"
. Archived from
the original
on July 4, 2022
. Retrieved
September 20,
2018
.
- ^
"Parking Garage South"
.
gatewaysquare.com.ph
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
"Jorge Araneta: Front and Center - PeopleAsia"
.
- ^
"Araneta Coliseum: 9 Things To Know About The Former Largest Indoor Arena In The World"
. The Manila Project. September 7, 2017
. Retrieved
March 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Big Dome still main PBA venue, but MOA Arena an alternative option"
.
InterAksyon.com
. Archived from
the original
on March 6, 2014.
- ^
[1]
Archived
November 11, 2011, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"Jorge Araneta: Front and Center"
.
PeopleAsia
. January 22, 2016.
- ^
"Araneta Center | Kwentong Kanto"
.
- ^
"The Legacy of J. Amado Araneta"
.
- ^
a
b
c
Caballero, Gabriel Victor (2018).
"The Role of Sports Facilities in Metro Manila's Urban Living from the 1930s to 1970s"
(PDF)
.
mASEANa Project 2017 modern living in Southeast Asia: The Report of mASEANa Project 2017 4th & 5th International Conference
. Tokyo: 24
. Retrieved
August 28,
2023
.
- ^
"Smart Araneta Coliseum: News"
.
smartaranetacoliseum.com
. Retrieved
June 23,
2021
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Reyes, Maritess Garcia.
"Muhammad Ali vs Joe Frazier: How "Thrilla In Manila" Became The Most Legendary Boxing Match in History"
.
Tatler Asia
.
- ^
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External links
[
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Buildings
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Shopping centers
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Transportation
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Miscellaneous
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Indoor arenas
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Stadiums
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Multisports
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Golf
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Racing venues
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Historical sites
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Religious buildings
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Museums and galleries
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Integrated resorts
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Amusement
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Shopping
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Events and traditions
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By type
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20th century
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Stages
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Second Round
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Classification Round
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Final Phase
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