From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rupture of an internal organ
Apoplexy
(from
Ancient Greek
?ποπληξ?α
(apoplexia)
'a striking away') refers to the rupture of an internal organ and the associated symptoms. Informally or metaphorically, the term
apoplexy
is associated with being furious, especially as "apoplectic". Historically, it described what is now known as a
hemorrhagic stroke
, involving a ruptured blood vessel in the brain; modern medicine typically specifies the anatomical location of the bleeding, such as cerebral,
ovarian
, or
pituitary
.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Historical meaning
[
edit
]
From the late 14th to the late 19th century,
apoplexy
referred to any sudden death that began with abrupt loss of consciousness, especially when the victim died within seconds after losing consciousness. The word
apoplexy
was sometimes used to refer to the symptom of sudden loss of consciousness immediately preceding death.
Strokes
, ruptured
aortic aneurysms
, and even
heart attacks
were referred to as apoplexy in the past, because before the advent of
medical science
, there was limited ability to differentiate abnormal conditions and diseased states. Although
physiology
as a medical field dates back at least to the time of
Hippocrates
, until the late 19th century physicians often had inadequate or inaccurate understandings of many of the human body's normal functions and abnormal presentations. Hence, identifying a specific cause of a symptom or of death often proved difficult or impossible.
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
Hemorrhage
[
edit
]
To specify the site of bleeding, the term "apoplexy" is often accompanied by a descriptive
adjective
. For instance, bleeding within the
pituitary gland
is termed "pituitary apoplexy," and bleeding within the
adrenal glands
is referred to as "adrenal apoplexy."
[9]
Apoplexy also includes
hemorrhaging
within the gland and accompanying
neurological
problems such as confusion, headache, and impairment of consciousness.
[10]
See also
[
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]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD (February 7, 2011).
"Definition of Apoplexy"
.
OED Online
. Oxford University Press.
- ^
"apoplexy"
.
Collins English Dictionary
. HarperCollins. 2012
. Retrieved
May 9,
2022
– via dictionary.reference.com.
- ^
Coupland, AP; Thapar, A; Qureshi, MI; Jenkins, H; Davies, AH (2017).
"The definition of stroke"
.
J R Soc Med
.
110
(1): 9?12.
doi
:
10.1177/0141076816680121
.
PMC
5298424
.
PMID
28084167
.
- ^
Engelhardt E (2017). "Apoplexy, cerebrovascular disease, and stroke: Historical evolution of terms and definitions".
Dement Neuropsychol
.
11
(4): 449?453.
doi
:
10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040016
.
PMID
29354227
.
- ^
Bauer M, Lang C, Patzelt D (2001). "Sudden death due to pituitary apoplexy".
Leg Med (Tokyo)
.
3
(3): 183?186.
doi
:
10.1016/s1344-6223(01)00026-8
.
PMID
12935525
.
{{
cite journal
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ^
Schutta HS, Howe HM (2006). "Seventeenth century concepts of "apoplexy" as reflected in Bonet's "Sepulchretum"
".
J Hist Neurosci
.
15
(3): 250?268.
doi
:
10.1080/09647040500403312
.
- ^
Lidell JA (1873).
A Treatise on Apoplexy, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Embolism, Cerebral Gout, Cerebral Rheumatism, and Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis
. New York: W. Wood & Company.
- ^
Kleisiaris CF, Sfakianakis C, Papathanasiou IV (2014).
"Health care practices in ancient Greece: The Hippocratic ideal"
.
J Med Ethics Hist Med
.
7
: 6.
PMC
4263393
.
PMID
25512827
.
{{
cite journal
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ^
Bashari, WA; Myint, YMM; Win, ML; Oyibo, SO (June 13, 2020).
"Adrenal Insufficiency Secondary to Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage: A Case Report"
.
Cureus
.
12
(6): e8596.
doi
:
10.7759/cureus.8596
.
PMC
7294864
.
PMID
32550089
.
{{
cite journal
}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (
link
)
- ^
Mohr, G.; Hardy, J. (1982). "Hemorrhage, necrosis, and apoplexy in pituitary adenomas".
Surg Neurol
.
18
(3): 181?189.
doi
:
10.1016/0090-3019(82)90388-3
.
PMID
7179072
.
External links
[
edit
]
- The dictionary definition of
apoplexy
at Wiktionary
- Texts on Wikisource: