British biologist
Anthony Arie Hyman
(born 27 May 1962)
FRS
MAE
is a British scientist
[2]
[3]
and director at the
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics
.
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Early life and education
[
edit
]
Hyman was born in 1962, the eldest of three children of
R. Anthony Hyman
, a
historian of computing
, and Hon. Laura Alice Boyd, daughter of the 6th
Baron Kilmarnock
.
[10]
He was educated at
William Ellis School
and
St Marylebone Grammar School
,
University College London
and the
University of Cambridge
,
[1]
where he was awarded a PhD in 1987.
[11]
Career and research
[
edit
]
Hyman has focused his career on examining
microtubules
and how these structures of the
cytoskeleton
control:
cell division
,
mitotic spindle
position, and
cell polarity
. Hyman's research has identified how microtubules are made into cellular structures and how they are broken down.
While at King's College, Cambridge, Hyman worked under the supervision of
John White
and was a key researcher in
Sydney Brenner
's
Caenorhabditis elegans
group. Using microscopy and microsurgery, he examined the placement of cell axes during early cell division of C.elegans embryos. Hyman presented new findings about mechanisms of rotation by cutting microtubules with a laser beam. Hyman demonstrated that pulling forces acting from the
posterior cortex
on microtubules drives spindle rotation.
[12]
At the
University of California, San Francisco
, Hyman investigated the interaction between
chromosomes
and microtubules that create the mitotic forces that separate chromosomes in the lab of
Tim Mitchison
. He also created a number of tools that are used today:
While at the
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
(EMBL) Hyman along with Rebecca Heald and Eric Karsenti combined their work to create an impact on the current understanding of how the meiotic spindle self assembles.
[17]
Hyman created his first independent group at EMBL that discovered that the important factors in
Xenopus
egg extracts were the stabilizing protein,
XMAP215
and the destabilizing protein, XKCM1.
[18]
In 1999, Hyman became one of the four founding directors of
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics
[19]
and was the Managing Director for the institute from 2010?2013. During his tenure at the MPI-CBG, Hyman and his lab members have focused on:
- Cytoplasmic organization and how cells form non-membrane bound compartments
- Size and scaling of the
spindle
,
centrosomes
, and other
organelles
- Spatial control of the microtubule
cytoskeleton
- Positioning of the spindle
Hyman has worked on creating parts lists for cell division among human cells as part of the EU funded projects
Mitocheck
[20]
and MitoSys.
[21]
Hyman is currently
[
when?
]
studying the mechanisms by which cells compartmentalize their biochemistry. Of his many contributions to the field of molecular biology, he is best known for two discoveries in particular: In 2000, his team pioneered the use of
RNA interference
to define the "parts lists" for different cytoplasmic processes. And in 2009, while teaching a physiology course in Woods Hole, he, together with Cliff Brangwynne and Frank Julicher, made a fundamental breakthrough by being the first to observe that compartments in cells can form by phase separation. Aberrant phase transitions within liquid-like compartments may underlie amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative and age-related diseases. Hyman's current work focuses on the physical-chemical basis by which intrinsically disordered proteins phase separate. Using this knowledge, he is studying the roles of phase separation in physiology and disease.
[22]
Hyman served as a member of the Strategic Advisory Board on Science at the
Wellcome Trust
.
[23]
Awards and honours
[
edit
]
Anthony Hyman is honorary professor at the Faculty of Biology at
TU Dresden
. In 2011, Hyman was awarded the
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
, Germany's most prestigious research award, for his work on microtubules and cell division.
[24]
Hyman was elected a Member of the
European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
in 2000 and was awarded its Gold Medal in 2003.
[25]
He was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
in 2007.
[26]
The
Academia Europaea
elected Hyman as a member in 2014
[27]
and in 2017, he received the Schleiden Medal from the
German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
.
[28]
In 2020, he was given the NOMIS Distinguished Scientist Award by the NOMIS Foundation.
[22]
Hyman was elected Member of the
National Academy of Sciences
in April 2020.
[29]
In February 2021, Hyman was awarded the 2021
Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences
for his work on biomolecular condensates.
[30]
[31]
He received the 2021
HFSP Nakasone Award
[32]
together with
Clifford Brangwynne
and he was elected a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2021.
[33]
In 2022, Hyman received the
Korber European Science Prize
2022.
[34]
For 2023 he was awarded the
Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
for discovering a fundamental mechanism of cellular organization mediated by phase separation of proteins and RNA into membraneless liquid droplets.
[35]
Personal life
[
edit
]
Hyman was married to American scientist
Suzanne Eaton
(1959?2019); the couple had two children.
[36]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
Anon (2015).
"Hyman, Prof. Anthony Arie"
.
Who's Who
(online
Oxford University Press
ed.). A & C Black.
doi
:
10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U250063
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Anthony A. Hyman
publications indexed by
Google Scholar
- ^
Anthony A. Hyman
publications from
Europe PubMed Central
- ^
Hyman, A (2007).
"Anthony Hyman: From unlikely scientist to Royal Society Fellow. Interview by Ruth Williams"
.
The Journal of Cell Biology
.
179
(7): 1330?1.
doi
:
10.1083/jcb.1797pi
.
PMC
2373514
.
PMID
18166646
.
- ^
Hyman, A. A. (2011).
"Whither systems biology"
.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
.
366
(1584): 3635?3637.
doi
:
10.1098/rstb.2011.0074
.
PMC
3203457
.
PMID
22084389
.
- ^
Gonczy, P; Echeverri, C; Oegema, K; Coulson, A; Jones, S. J.; Copley, R. R.; Duperon, J; Oegema, J; Brehm, M; Cassin, E; Hannak, E; Kirkham, M; Pichler, S; Flohrs, K; Goessen, A; Leidel, S; Alleaume, A. M.; Martin, C; Ozlu, N; Bork, P; Hyman, A. A. (2000). "Functional genomic analysis of cell division in C. Elegans using RNAi of genes on chromosome III".
Nature
.
408
(6810): 331?6.
Bibcode
:
2000Natur.408..331G
.
doi
:
10.1038/35042526
.
PMID
11099034
.
S2CID
4364278
.
- ^
Anthony Hyman's seminars: "Organization of Cytoplasm"
- ^
Anthony Hyman's Brief Overview: "Visualizing Plus-end Growth"
- ^
Video on Anthony A. Hyman's research (Latest Thinking)
- ^
Morris, Susan (2019).
Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage
. eBook Partnership. p. 2547.
ISBN
9781999767051
.
- ^
Hyman, Anthony Arie (1987).
Establishment of division axes in the early embryonic divisions of Caenorhabditis elegans
.
cam.ac.uk
(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
OCLC
556497640
.
EThOS
uk.bl.ethos.256630
.
- ^
Hyman, A. A.; White, J. G. (1987).
"Determination of cell division axes in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans"
.
The Journal of Cell Biology
.
105
(5): 2123?2135.
doi
:
10.1083/jcb.105.5.2123
.
PMC
2114830
.
PMID
3680373
.
- ^
Hyman, A. A.; Salser, S; Drechsel, D. N.; Unwin, N; Mitchison, T. J. (1992).
"Role of GTP hydrolysis in microtubule dynamics: Information from a slowly hydrolyzable analogue, GMPCPP"
.
Molecular Biology of the Cell
.
3
(10): 1155?67.
doi
:
10.1091/mbc.3.10.1155
.
PMC
275679
.
PMID
1421572
.
- ^
Hyman, A; Drechsel, D; Kellogg, D; Salser, S; Sawin, K; Steffen, P; Wordeman, L; Mitchison, T (1991).
Preparation of modified tubulins
. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 196. pp. 478?85.
doi
:
10.1016/0076-6879(91)96041-o
.
ISBN
978-0-12-182097-8
.
PMID
2034137
.
.
- ^
Hyman, A. A. (1991).
"Preparation of marked microtubules for the assay of the polarity of microtubule-based motors by fluorescence"
.
Journal of Cell Science. Supplement
.
14
: 125?7.
doi
:
10.1242/jcs.1991.supplement_14.25
.
PMID
1832165
.
- ^
Hyman, A. A.; Mitchison, T. J. (1991). "Two different microtubule-based motor activities with opposite polarities in kinetochores".
Nature
.
351
(6323): 206?11.
Bibcode
:
1991Natur.351..206H
.
doi
:
10.1038/351206a0
.
PMID
2041567
.
S2CID
4335093
.
- ^
Heald, R; Tournebize, R; Blank, T; Sandaltzopoulos, R; Becker, P; Hyman, A; Karsenti, E (1996). "Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts".
Nature
.
382
(6590): 420?5.
Bibcode
:
1996Natur.382..420H
.
doi
:
10.1038/382420a0
.
PMID
8684481
.
S2CID
4238425
.
- ^
Tournebize, R; Popov, A; Kinoshita, K; Ashford, A. J.; Rybina, S; Pozniakovsky, A; Mayer, T. U.; Walczak, C. E.; Karsenti, E; Hyman, A. A. (2000).
"Control of microtubule dynamics by the antagonistic activities of XMAP215 and XKCM1 in Xenopus egg extracts"
(PDF)
.
Nature Cell Biology
.
2
(1): 13?9.
doi
:
10.1038/71330
.
PMID
10620801
.
S2CID
10732643
.
- ^
"Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics"
. Retrieved
11 December
2010
.
- ^
"MitoCheck Consortium"
. Retrieved
24 April
2014
.
- ^
"MitoSys Consortium"
. Retrieved
25 April
2014
.
- ^
a
b
"Anthony Hyman ? The NOMIS Foundation"
.
nomisfoundation.ch
. 13 April 2020
. Retrieved
4 May
2020
.
- ^
"Science Strategy Advisory Group"
.
Wellcome
. Retrieved
11 February
2023
.
- ^
"DFG Leibniz Prize Winner: Prof. Dr. Anthony A. Hyman"
. Retrieved
25 April
2014
.
- ^
"EMBO Gold Medalists ? Recipients ? EMBO"
. 20 August 2020
. Retrieved
11 February
2023
.
- ^
Hyman, T. (2011).
"Tony Hyman"
.
Current Biology
.
21
(7): R240?R242.
doi
:
10.1016/j.cub.2011.02.010
.
PMID
21618732
.
S2CID
10703763
.
- ^
"New members of Academia Europaea 2014"
.
Academia Europaea
. Retrieved
20 September
2021
.
- ^
"Press Release"
.
Leopoldina
. Retrieved
20 September
2021
.
- ^
"2020 NAS Election"
.
National Academy of Sciences
. Retrieved
28 April
2020
.
- ^
"Biomedical Sciences | Prize"
.
www.wiley.com
. Retrieved
11 February
2023
.
- ^
"Dewpoint Co-Founder Anthony Hyman Wins Prestigious Wiley Prize"
.
Odessa American
. Associated Press
. Retrieved
25 February
2021
.
- ^
"HFSP Nakasone Awardees"
.
Human Frontier Science Program
.
- ^
"List of members"
.
Leopoldina
. Retrieved
20 September
2021
.
- ^
"Portrait Anthony Hyman"
.
Korberstiftung
. Retrieved
5 September
2022
.
}
- ^
"Breakthrough Prize ? Winners Of The 2023 Breakthrough Prizes In Life Sciences, Mathematics And Fundamental Physics Announced"
.
breakthroughprize.org
. Retrieved
11 February
2023
.
- ^
ASCB Profile: Tony Hyman
. In: ASCB-Newsletter, November 2012, S. 41 (
online
).
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Academics
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|
Wellcome Trust
,