City in Turkey
Metropolitan municipality in Mediterranean, Turkey
Antalya
,
[a]
is the
fifth-most populous city
in
Turkey
and the capital of
Antalya Province
.
[3]
Recognized as the "capital of tourism" in Turkey and a pivotal part of the
Turkish Riviera
,
[4]
Antalya sits on
Anatolia
's southwest coast, flanked by the
Taurus Mountains
. With over 2.6 million people in its metropolitan area, it is the largest city in Turkey's
Mediterranean Region
, situated along the
Mediterranean Sea
.
[5]
[6]
[7]
The city that is now Antalya was first settled around 200 BC by the
Attalid dynasty
of
Pergamon
, which was soon conquered by the
Romans
. Roman rule saw Antalya thrive, including the construction of several new monuments, such as
Hadrian's Gate
, and the flourishing of nearby ancient cities such as
Patara
,
Xanthos
and
Myra
in the
Lycia
region;
Perga
,
Aspendos
and
Side
in
Pamphylia
; and
Sagalassos
,
Antioch
and
Termessos
in
Pisidia
. These cities were already significant centers before Roman influence. Antalya has changed hands several times, including to the
Seljuk Empire
in 1207 and an expanding
Ottoman Empire
in 1391.
[8]
Ottoman rule brought relative peace and stability for the next five hundred years. The city was
occupied by Italy
for three years in the aftermath of
World War I
, but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the
Turkish War of Independence
.
While the city itself only has modest elevation changes, Antalya has high mountains in all directions to its interior. With moisture being trapped, the
local climate
thus has high winter rainfall, while the interior bay setting result in very hot summers for a coastal city.
The city is Turkey's biggest international sea resort on the Turkish Riviera. Large-scale development and governmental funding has made it a prime destination for tourists. Antalya is currently the
fourth-most visited city
in the world, trailing behind only
Istanbul
,
London
, and
Dubai
, attracting more than 16.5 million foreign visitors in 2023.
[9]
[10]
Etymology
[
edit
]
The city was founded as "Attaleia" (
Ancient Greek
:
?ττ?λεια
), named after its founder
Attalos II
, king of
Pergamon
.
[11]
This name, still in use in Greek, was later evolved in Turkish as Adalia and then Antalya.
[12]
Attaleia was also the name of a festival at
Delphi
and Attalis (Greek: ?τταλ??) was the name of an old
Greek
tribe at
Athens
.
[13]
[14]
Despite the close similarity, there is no connection with the name
Anatolia
.
History
[
edit
]
King
Attalus II
of
Pergamon
is looked on as founder of the city in about 150 BC, during the
Hellenistic period
. It was named
Attaleia
or
Attalia
(
Ancient Greek
:
?ττ?λεια
)
[15]
in his honour. The city served as a naval base for Attalus's powerful fleet. Excavations in 2008, in the
Do?u Garajı
plot, uncovered remains dating to the 3rd century BC, suggesting that Attalea was a rebuilding and expansion of an earlier town.
Attalea became part of the
Roman Empire
in 133 BC when
Attalus III
, a nephew of Attalus II, bequeathed his kingdom to Rome at his death in 133 BC. The city grew and prospered during the
Ancient Roman
period and was part of the
Roman province
of
Pamphylia Secunda
, whose capital was
Perga
.
Christianity started to spread to the region even in the 1st century: Attalea was visited by
Paul of Tarsus
and
Barnabas
, as recorded in the
Acts of the Apostles
: "Then they passed through
Pisidia
and came to
Pamphylia
. And when they had spoken the word in
Perga
, they went down to Attalea, and from there they sailed to
Antioch
".
[16]
Some of the bishops attributed to the
episcopal see
of Attalea in Pamphylia may instead have been bishops of
Attalea in Lydia
(Yanantepe), since
Le Quien
lists them under both sees.
[17]
[18]
No longer a residential bishopric, Attalea in Pamphylia is today listed by the
Catholic Church
as a
titular see
.
[19]
The 13th-century
Seljuk
mosque at Attalea, now in ruins, had been a Christian
Byzantine
basilica from the 7th century. The Great Mosque had also been a Christian basilica and the Kesik Minare Mosque had been the 5th-century Christian Church of the Panaghia or Virgin and was decorated with finely carved marble. The archaeological museum at Attalea houses some sarcophagi and mosaics from nearby Perga and a casket of bones reputed to be those of
St. Nicholas
, the bishop of
Myra
, further down the Turquoise coast. The area of Antalya was subject to naval attacks by the
Arabs
of the
Abbasid Caliphate
.
Attalea was a major city in the
Byzantine Empire
. It was the capital of the
Byzantine Theme
of the
Cibyrrhaeots
, which occupied the southern coasts of
Anatolia
. According to the research of Speros Vryonis, it was the major naval station on the southern Anatolian coast, a major commercial center, and the most convenient harbor between the
Aegean Sea
and Cyprus and points further east. Besides the local merchants, "one could expect to see Armenians, Saracens, Jews, and Italians."
[20]
At the time of the accession of
John II Komnenos
in 1118, Attalea was an isolated outpost surrounded by Turkish beyliks, accessible only by sea,
[21]
but his
capture of Sozopolis
in 1120 re-opened land-communication with the city once more. Following the
Sack of Constantinople
by the
Crusaders
in 1204,
Niketas Choniates
records that Attalea was the personal fiefdom of a certain Aldebrandus, "an Italian by birth who was strictly raised according to Roman tradition". When
Kaykhusraw
, sultan of the
Seljuk Turks
attempted to capture the city in 1206, Aldebrandus called
Cyprus
for help and received 200 infantry from the Latins. The attackers were defeated after a siege of less than 16 days.
[22]
Kaykhusraw would take Attalea the following year and build its first mosque.
[23]
[24]
Christians rebelled and captured Attalea with aid of
Walter of Montbeliard
in 1212. Briefly restored
Byzantine
rule in Attalea was ended by
Kaykaus I
in 1216.
[25]
The city and the surrounding region were conquered by the
Seljuk Turks
in the early 13th century. Attalea was the capital of the Turkish
beylik of Teke
(1321?1423) until its conquest by the Ottomans, except for a period of
Cypriot
rule between 1361 and 1373. The
Arab
traveller
Ibn Battuta
, who visited the city in 1335?1340, noted:
[26]
From Alanya I went to Antaliya [Adalia], a most beautiful city. It covers an immense area, and though of vast bulk is one of the most attractive towns to be seen anywhere, besides being exceedingly populous and well laid out. Each section of the inhabitants lives in a separate quarter. The Christian merchants live in a quarter of the town known as the Mina [the Port], and are surrounded by a wall, the gates of which are shut upon them from without at night and during the Friday service. The Greeks, who were its former inhabitants, live by themselves in another quarter, the
Jews
in another, and the king and his court and Mamluks in another, each of these quarters being walled off likewise. The rest of the Muslims live in the main city. Round the whole town and all the quarters mentioned there is another great wall. The town contains orchards and produces fine fruits, including an admirable kind of apricot, called by them Qamar ad-Din, which has a sweet almond in its kernel. This fruit is dried and exported to Egypt, where it is regarded as a great luxury.
In the second half of the 17th century
Evliya Celebi
wrote of a city of narrow streets containing 3,000 houses in 20
Turkish
and four
Greek
neighborhoods. The town had grown beyond the city walls and the port was reported to hold up to 200 boats.
In the 19th century, in common with most of Anatolia, its sovereign was a "dere
bey
" (landlord or landowner). The family of Tekke O?lu, domiciled near
Perge
had been reduced to submission in 1812 by
Mahmud II
, but continued to be a rival power to the Ottoman governor until the early 20th century, surviving by many years the fall of the other great beys of Anatolia. The records of the Levant (Turkey) Company, which maintained an agency in Antalya until 1825, documented the local dere beys.
[27]
In the early 20th century, Antalya had two factories spinning and weaving
cotton
. As of 1920, the factories had 15,000
spindles
and over 200
looms
. A
German
-owned
mill
baled cotton. There were
gin mills
.
[28]
In the 20th century, the population of Antalya increased as Muslim refugees from the
Caucasus
and the
Balkans
moved into Anatolia. The economy was centered on its port that served the inland areas, particularly Konya. Antalya (then Adalia) was picturesque rather than modern. The chief attraction for visitors was the city wall, and outside a promenade, a portion of which survives. The government offices and the houses of the higher classes were outside the walls.
[27]
As of 1920, Antalya was reported as having a population of approximately 30,000. The harbor was described as small, and unsafe for vessels to visit in the winter. Antalya was exporting wheat, flour,
sesame seeds
, livestock, timber and charcoal. The latter two were often exported to
Egypt
and other goods to Italy or other Greek islands, who received mainly flour. In 1920, the city had seven
flour mills
. Wheat was imported, and then processed in town before exportation. Antalya imported manufactured items, mainly from the United Kingdom.
[29]
The city had a Greek minority that made up 1/3 of the population until the population exchange. Antalya also had a tiny Armenian population which had a church on the street of "Hamam cikmazi" named Hovhannes Surp Garabed, which was later on demolished. Antalya also had a Jewish community which had a tiny Synagogue in the neighborhood of Balbey and a Talmud Torah. The Synagogue was closed in 1948 and its exact location is not known, and the Synagogue might not exist anymore. The Jewish community had 2 graveyards and one was located across "Donerciler carsisi"and was demolished when the area was opened to construction, but one marble tombstone belonging to a Jew named Raphael Moshe was transferred to the
Antalya Museum
where it can be seen in the museum garden.
The city was
occupied by Italy
for three years (1919-22) in the aftermath of
World War I
, but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the
Turkish War of Independence
. Large-scale development beginning in the 1970s transformed Antalya from a pastoral town into one of Turkey's largest metropolitan areas. Much of this has been due to tourism, which expanded in the 21st century. In the 1987 singing diva
Dalida
held her last concert in Antalya.
Antalya was the host city for the
2015 G-20 summit
and the
EXPO 2016
. Five countries have their consular missions in Antalya including Belgium, Germany, Russia, Serbia and the United Kingdom.
[30]
Geography
[
edit
]
Climate
[
edit
]
Koppen map of Antalya Province and surrounding regions:
[31]
Antalya has a
hot-summer Mediterranean climate
(
Koppen
:
Csa
) or a dry-summer
humid subtropical climate
(
Trewartha
:
Cf
or
'wet Cs'
). It experiences hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. While rainy spells are common and often heavy in winter, Antalya is very sunny, with nearly 3,000 hours of sunlight per year. Frost does occasionally occur at night almost every winter, but snow is a very rare phenomenon. The highest recorded air temperature was 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) on 1 July 2017 but later this record was removed and turned back to 45°C (113°F) in 6 July 2000. Record low is -4.6°C (23.7°F) in 5 February 1950. Record snow depth is 5 cm (1.97 inches) in January 1993. The mean sea temperature ranges between 16 °C (61 °F) in winter and 27 °C (81 °F) in summer.
[32]
Climate data for Antalya (1991?2020, extremes 1930?2023)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
23.9
(75.0)
|
26.7
(80.1)
|
28.6
(83.5)
|
36.4
(97.5)
|
41.7
(107.1)
|
44.8
(112.6)
|
45.0
(113.0)
|
44.6
(112.3)
|
42.5
(108.5)
|
41.2
(106.2)
|
33.0
(91.4)
|
25.4
(77.7)
|
45.0
(113.0)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
15.0
(59.0)
|
15.9
(60.6)
|
18.4
(65.1)
|
21.8
(71.2)
|
26.4
(79.5)
|
31.6
(88.9)
|
34.9
(94.8)
|
34.9
(94.8)
|
31.7
(89.1)
|
27.3
(81.1)
|
21.6
(70.9)
|
16.7
(62.1)
|
24.7
(76.5)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
9.8
(49.6)
|
10.8
(51.4)
|
13.1
(55.6)
|
16.4
(61.5)
|
20.9
(69.6)
|
25.7
(78.3)
|
28.9
(84.0)
|
29.0
(84.2)
|
25.6
(78.1)
|
20.9
(69.6)
|
15.3
(59.5)
|
11.4
(52.5)
|
19.0
(66.2)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
5.9
(42.6)
|
6.5
(43.7)
|
8.3
(46.9)
|
11.3
(52.3)
|
15.7
(60.3)
|
20.1
(68.2)
|
23.4
(74.1)
|
23.7
(74.7)
|
20.1
(68.2)
|
15.9
(60.6)
|
10.7
(51.3)
|
7.5
(45.5)
|
14.1
(57.4)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?4.3
(24.3)
|
?4.6
(23.7)
|
?1.6
(29.1)
|
1.4
(34.5)
|
6.7
(44.1)
|
11.1
(52.0)
|
14.8
(58.6)
|
13.6
(56.5)
|
10.3
(50.5)
|
4.9
(40.8)
|
0.0
(32.0)
|
?1.9
(28.6)
|
?4.6
(23.7)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
210.6
(8.29)
|
112.7
(4.44)
|
94.5
(3.72)
|
63.1
(2.48)
|
37.0
(1.46)
|
10.1
(0.40)
|
4.0
(0.16)
|
5.0
(0.20)
|
22.0
(0.87)
|
76.6
(3.02)
|
152.2
(5.99)
|
262.2
(10.32)
|
1,050
(41.34)
|
Average precipitation days
|
11.50
|
9.60
|
7.60
|
6.43
|
4.97
|
2.13
|
0.67
|
0.60
|
1.93
|
4.87
|
7.07
|
10.00
|
67.4
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
65.8
|
64.8
|
65.4
|
67.4
|
66.8
|
59.6
|
58.0
|
59.7
|
59.7
|
60.4
|
63.6
|
68.0
|
63.3
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
151.9
|
161.0
|
201.5
|
231.0
|
291.4
|
330.0
|
344.1
|
325.5
|
273.0
|
232.5
|
177.0
|
145.7
|
2,864.6
|
Mean daily
sunshine hours
|
4.9
|
5.7
|
6.5
|
7.7
|
9.4
|
11.0
|
11.1
|
10.5
|
9.1
|
7.5
|
5.9
|
4.7
|
7.8
|
Source 1:
Turkish State Meteorological Service
[33]
|
Source 2:
NOAA
(humidity, 1991-2020)
[34]
|
Climate data for Antalya
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|
17.7
(63.9)
|
16.8
(62.2)
|
17.2
(63.0)
|
17.9
(64.2)
|
21.1
(70.0)
|
25.1
(77.2)
|
27.8
(82.0)
|
28.8
(83.8)
|
27.4
(81.3)
|
24.7
(76.5)
|
21.1
(70.0)
|
18.8
(65.8)
|
22.0
(71.7)
|
Average Wind Speed m/sec (Kph)
|
3.5
13
|
3.4
12
|
3.3
12
|
2.8
10
|
2.6
9.4
|
2.9
10
|
2.8
10
|
2.6
9.4
|
2.7
9.7
|
2.7
9.7
|
2.7
9.7
|
3.1
11
|
2.9
10
|
Mean daily daylight hours
|
10.0
|
11.0
|
12.0
|
13.0
|
14.0
|
15.0
|
14.0
|
14.0
|
12.0
|
11.0
|
10.0
|
10.0
|
12.2
|
Average
Ultraviolet index
|
2
|
3
|
5
|
7
|
8
|
10
|
10
|
9
|
7
|
5
|
3
|
2
|
5.9
|
Source #1: NCEI(Wind speed)
[34]
|
Source #2: Weather Atlas
[35]
|
Source #3: Average sea temperature:
[36]
|
Demographics
[
edit
]
In 2010, the Address-Based Birth Recording System showed a metropolitan population of 1,001,318 (502,491 male; 498,827 female).
[37]
Source for 1530?1889.
[38]
According to the TU?K Institute of Statistics, as of October 2022, 120,000 foreigners live in the city.
[39]
Historical population
Year
| Pop.
| ±%
|
---|
1530
| 3,450
| ?
|
---|
1811
| 8,000
| +131.9%
|
---|
1870
| 11,000
| +37.5%
|
---|
1889
| 25,000
| +127.3%
|
---|
1911
| 25,000
| +0.0%
|
---|
1927
| 17,000
| ?32.0%
|
---|
1935
| 23,000
| +35.3%
|
---|
1940
| 25,000
| +8.7%
|
---|
1945
| 26,000
| +4.0%
|
---|
1950
| 28,000
| +7.7%
|
---|
1955
| 36,000
| +28.6%
|
---|
1960
| 51,000
| +41.7%
|
---|
1965
| 72,000
| +41.2%
|
---|
1970
| 95,000
| +31.9%
|
---|
1985
| 258,139
| +171.7%
|
---|
1990
| 378,208
| +46.5%
|
---|
2000
| 603,190
| +59.5%
|
---|
2007
| 775,157
| +28.5%
|
---|
2010
| 1,001,318
| +29.2%
|
---|
Economy
[
edit
]
Agricultural production includes
citrus fruits
, cotton,
cut flowers
, olives,
olive oil
and bananas. Antalya Metropolitan Municipality's covered wholesale food market complex meets 65% of the fresh fruit and vegetable demand of the province.
[40]
Since 2000, shipyards have been opened in Antalya Free Zone,
[41]
specialized in building pleasure yachts. Some of these yards have advanced in composites boat building technology.
Corendon Airlines
and
SunExpress
are headquartered in Antalya.
[42]
[43]
Cityscape
[
edit
]
Despite having architectural heritage dating back up to
Hellenistic
times, most historical architecture in Antalya date to the medieval
Seljuk
period, with a number of
mosques
,
madrasahs
,
masjids
,
caravanserais
,
Turkish baths
and tombs giving the city a Turkish-Islamic character.
[44]
[45]
Historical architecture is concentrated in the walled city,
Kaleici
; ancient structures are not well-preserved in the rest of the city of Antalya as the modern city was built on the ancient city.
[46]
Kaleici
, with its narrow cobbled streets of historic Ottoman era houses, is the old center of Antalya. With its hotels, bars, clubs, restaurants, and shopping, it has been restored to retain much of its historical character.
[46]
[47]
It is surrounded by two walls in the shape of a horsenail, one of which is along the seafront, built in a continuous process from Hellenistic to Ottoman times. The historical harbour is located in this part of the city; narrow streets extend from the harbour and branch off into the old city, surrounded by wooden historical houses.
[45]
Cumhuriyet Square, the main square of the city and a spot very popular for tourists and locals, is surrounded by shopping and business centres and public buildings.
[48]
There are sites with traces of Hellenistic,
Roman
,
Byzantine
, and
Seljuk
architecture and cultures.
[46]
There are also examples of the local Greek architecture in the city, with five Greek Orthodox churches in the old city.
[49]
The walled city is surrounded by a large metropolitan area. With high rates of immigration since the 1970s, this area contains large
gecekondu
neighborhoods that are not well-integrated into the fabric of the city and suffer from poor economic conditions and insufficient education. Gecekondu areas are concentrated in the
Kepez
district, where an estimated 70% of the houses were gecekondus in 2008.
[50]
In 2011, it was estimated that there were 50?60,000 gecekondus in Antalya, housing around 250,000 people.
[51]
Antalya has beaches including
Konyaaltı
,
Lara
and Karpuzkaldıran. Beyda?ları and
Saklikent
are used for winter sports.
Historic sites in the city center
[
edit
]
- Ancient monuments include the City Walls,
Hıdırlık Tower
,
Hadrian's Gate
(also known as Triple Gate), and the Clock Tower.
- Hadrian's Gate
: constructed in the 2nd century by the Romans in honor of the
Emperor Hadrian
.
- ?skele Mosque: A 19th-century Mosque near the marina.
- Karatay Medrese
: A Medrese (Islamic theological seminary) built in 1250 by Emir Celaleddin Karatay.
- Kesik Minare
(Broken Minaret) Mosque: Once a Roman temple then converted to a Byzantine Panayia church and finally into a mosque.
- Tekeli Mehmet Pa?a Mosque: An 18th-century Mosque built in honor of Tekeli Mehmet Pa?a.
- Yat Limanı: the harbour dating to Roman era.
- Yivli Minare
(Fluted Minaret) Mosque: Built by the
Seljuks
and decorated with dark blue and turquoise tiles. This minaret eventually became the symbol of the city.
- Murat Pasha Mosque
: A historic Ottoman mosque located in the city center.
- Aya Yorgi Church (Saint George Church): A historic church built by the
Greeks
of Antalya which is currently used as a museum housing exhibitions of historical artifacts.
- Saint Alypius Church: A tiny historic
Greek Orthodox
church which is still currently a functioning Orthodox Church.
- Sultan Aladdin Mosque: A historic building built as a
Greek Orthodox
church in 1834 and converted into a mosque in the 1950s and currently used as a Mosque.
- Ahi Yusuf Mosque: A historic mosque built in the year of 1249 and is possibly one of the oldest mosques in Antalya or even the oldest.
- Ahi Kizi Masjid: Historic
masjid
located in the old town.
- Kara Molla Masjid: Tiny historic masjid built in the 14th century.
- Balibey Mosque: A historic mosque built by the
vizier
Bali Pasha.
- Musellim Mosque: A small historic mosque built by Hacı Osmano?lu Mehmed A?a in 1796.
- Antalya Synagogue: A historic
Synagogue
used as house currently in the Balbey neighborhood between Kavakli Masjid and the Balbey Kesik Minaret Mosque.
- Mevlevihane (Dervish lodge museum): A former Dervish lodge housing a museum about
Dervishes
and
Sufism
.
-
-
-
-
Antalya Karatay Medrese
-
Kesik Minare
Main sights
[
edit
]
Green areas, recreation places
[
edit
]
There are urban parks and protected natural areas located outside the cities, allowing the people to have fun, rest and get closer to nature. Some of them are green areas around lake, pond and dam lakes, and some are highland and forest areas.
The prime urban green areas include Antalya City Forest, Ataturk Park, Kepez City Forest.
The largest amusement park in Antalya is the Aktur Park. Other modern recreational areas include 3 aquaparks in the city, Konyaaltı, Lara beaches, Beachpark especially for summer holidays, while Saklıkent also has facilities for skiing in the winter months.
The preserved nature areas include Gulluk Mountain National Park in Antalya-Korkuteli highway, Mount Olympus National Park in Kemer and Duden and Kur?unlu Waterfalls. Other protected areas include the Damlata? and the Karain Cave and the Guver Cliff.
It offers picnic and recreation facilities in various parts of the city. Picnic areas, rafting facilities in Koprulu Kanyon in Manavgat. The part of Korkuteli-Antalya border in western part of Antalya is covered with forests. In these areas, picnic areas, playground, restaurant and similar facilities are provided. There are lake and forest views on the promenade at Feslikan Plateau to the west of the city center where visitors can also enjoy nature sports and nature walks. The oil wrestling competition festival organized in summer, what accompanied with concerts. The pond in Doyran town, located to the west of city is very suitable for picnic and fishing.
In addition to the open air recreation areas, the number of shopping centers, which have increased rapidly in recent years, can also be classified as a rest area with the facilities they offer. The shopping centers in the city are gathered in the center. Among the leading shopping centers in the city are Antalya 5M Migros, Antalya Kipa, Terra City, Deepo, Agora, and Mall of Antalya.
Government
[
edit
]
The mayor of the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality is
Muhittin Bocek
of the CHP, in office since 2019. For general elections, Antalya elects 18 Members of Parliament to the Turkish
Grand National Assembly
.
Elections
[
edit
]
Antalya has traditionally been seen as a stronghold for the
Kemalist
centre-left party
Republican People's Party
(CHP). Being the capital of the fifth most populous province in Turkey, Antalya is politically strategic and has been a target for the governing right-wing
Justice and Development Party
(AKP). The AKP unexpectedly won control of the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality in the
2004 local election
. The AKP won a plurality in Antalya in the
2007 general election
, symbolising the city's political transformation from a CHP stronghold to a CHP-AKP marginal battleground in the 21st century. The loss of Antalya was a major political setback for the CHP not only because of its significance as a centre for tourism, but also because the CHP's former leader
Deniz Baykal
is a
Member of Parliament
for the province. The province is divided into 19 districts.
The CHP regained control of the Metropolitan Municipality in the
2009 local elections
, though the AKP won a plurality in the
2011 general election
. The
Nationalist Movement Party
(MHP) also have a strong political base in Antalya, winning approximately between 15 and 25% of the vote in elections since 2007. The city voted in favour of the AKP government's proposed constitutional reforms in the
2007 referendum
, but
voted against
the reforms proposed in 2010.
In the
2014 local elections
, Antalya once again voted for the AKP, with the MHP taking support away from the CHP by winning a record 24.3% of the vote. The CHP subsequently accused the AKP of systematic electoral fraud, and the presence of government minister
Mevlut Cavu?o?lu
at one of the vote counting centres drew strong condemnation.
[53]
[54]
[55]
[56]
[57]
In the
2014 presidential election
, the CHP and MHP's joint candidate
Ekmeleddin ?hsano?lu
won 53.08% of the vote. The AKP's candidate
Recep Tayyip Erdo?an
won 41.63% of the vote, and the
HDP
democratic socialist candidate
Selahattin Demirta?
won 5.30% of the vote. Antalya was a hotspot for the
2013?14 anti-government protests
against the AKP.
[58]
The secular main opposition, CHP, regained control of the Metropolitan Municipality in the
2019 local elections
.
Sports
[
edit
]
The football club of Antalya,
Antalyaspor
plays in the
Super Lig
. The team's home venue is
Antalya Stadium
, with a capacity of 33,000, which was opened in 2015.
[59]
Another football venue in the city is
Antalya Ataturk Stadium
.
The city hosts a number of international sports competitions due to its longer lasting warm weather condition. Since 2006, one of the four stages of
Archery World Cup
events are held at the
Antalya Centennial Archery Field
. It also hosted European Weightlifting Championship in 2012, European Beach Volleyball Championship in 2003, European Triathlon Championship in 2013 and World Kickboxing Championships in 2013.
Since 2010, an international
multiday
trail running
ultramarathon
, called
Lycian Way Ultramarathon
, is held on the historical
Lycian Way
. The event runs eastward on a route of around 220?240 km (140?150 mi) from
Oludeniz
in
Fethiye
district of
Mu?la Province
to Antalya in six days.
[60]
[61]
Education
[
edit
]
Akdeniz University
enrolls over 60,000 students and 4,000 academic and administrative staff.
[62]
Culture
[
edit
]
Cuisine
[
edit
]
Antalya's signature cuisine includes
piyaz
(made with
tahini
, garlic, walnuts, and boiled beans),
?i? kofte
(spicy meatball which is cooked around a stick) spicy hibe? with mixed cumin and tahini,
tandır kebap, domates civesi, ?ak?uka
, and various cold Mediterranean dishes with
olive oil
. One local speciality is
tirmis
, boiled seeds of the lupin, eaten as a snack. "Grida" (also known as Lagos or Mediterranean white grouper) is a fish common in local dishes.
[
citation needed
]
Festivals and events
[
edit
]
Museums
[
edit
]
- Antalya Ethnographic Museum: Located in Kaleici housing artifacts of Antalya's culture,
Regional dress
, and architectural examples.
- Antalya Museum
- Antalya Toy Museum. The Antalya Metropolitan Municipality opened the exhibition facility in 2011.
[67]
- Ataturk's House Museum
- Bir Zamanlar Antalya Muzesi: Located in
Dokumapark
,
Kepez
. Serving artifacts and documents about contemporary urban history of Antalya.
- Kaleici Museum:
[68]
Opened in 2007 by the Mediterranean Civilizations Research Center (Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Ara?tırma Merkezi)
[69]
- Kepez Araba Muzesi: Located in Dokumapark, serving historical vehicles in contemporary history.
- Kepez Open Air Museum: Serving scale models of various structures of Turkey. The models were located in Minicity park in
Konyaaltı
before the demolition of park in late 2010's and moving to current location in Dokumapark.
- Mevlevihane Museum: Former dervish lodge with Sufi and Islamic cultural artifacts.
- Suna & ?nan Kırac Kaleici Museum : An ethnographic museum run by the Suna and ?nan Kırac Foundation.
Transportation
[
edit
]
The main transportation to the city is by air and land. Sea routes are still under development.
In 2007, the airport added a new terminal.
The city has a main port at the south of the Konyaaltı.
Buses
[
edit
]
There is a network of look-alike
Dolmu?es
that are privately owned and operated
minibuses
, under municipal government control.
Antalya Ula?ım, a municipally-owned corporation, runs the public bus system. The corporation owns Antobus and Antray. Antobus was started in September 2010. In 2010, the city planned to increase from 40 to 140 more buses.
[70]
Payment for public transportation was made in cash until the launch of a public transportation card,
Antkart
, in late 2007. The card system met with criticism and was subsequently canceled in June 2009, returning to a cash system.
Halkkart
has been used for the transportation system since the summer of 2010.
Halkkart
is managed by A-Kent Smart City Technologies under the control of Antalya Metropolitan Municipal government. Passengers can use identified cards to take buses or trams.
[71]
Light Rail
[
edit
]
A
tram
system, opened in 1999, runs from Antalya Museum, and the Sheraton Voyager and Falez hotels, along the main boulevard through the city center at Kalekapisi,
Hadrian's Gate
, Karaalioglu Park, and ending at Talya Oteli. Trams depart on the hour and half-hour from the terminal (east and west), and reach Kalekapisi between 10 and 15 minutes later.
In December 2009, an 11.1-kilometre (6.9 mi)
light rail
line Antray was opened from one of the main city public bus hubs northwest to beyond
suburban areas
and the zoo. An extension to Airport,
Aksu
and
Expo 2016
site was completed in 2016.
Major routes
[
edit
]
Antalya is the southern terminus of
European route E87
, which connects to
Korkuteli
,
Denizli
,
?zmir
,
Canakkale
,
Edirne
in Turkey, along with Varna in
Bulgaria
,
Constanta
in
Romania
and
Odesa
in
Ukraine
. Antalya is also the terminus of Turkish Highway
D650
, which connects
Burdur
,
Afyon
,
Kutahya
, and
Sakarya
.
D400
connects with D650 in Antalya, while D650 alternative
D685
connects to
Isparta
and provincial road 07-50 connects to
Kumluca
by
Altınyaka
, an alternative to D400.
[72]
Airports
[
edit
]
Antalya Airport
has two international terminals and one domestic terminal. In 2020, its number of passengers on international flights surpassed the total number at
Istanbul Airport
and
Sabiha Gokcen International Airport
for the first time, officially earning the title of "the capital of Turkish tourism".
[73]
[74]
Antalya Public Transportation Statistics
[
edit
]
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Antalya, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 63 min. 14.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 23 min, while 50% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.6 kilometres (4.7 miles), while 13% travel for over 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) in a single direction.
[75]
International relations
[
edit
]
Antalya is
twinned
with:
[76]
- Austin
, United States
- Famagusta
, Northern Cyprus
- Haikou
, China
- Jeonju
, South Korea
- Kazan
, Russia
- Kunming
, China
- Liwan (Guangzhou)
, China
- Miami
, United States
- Mostar
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Nuremberg
, Germany
- Omsk
, Russia
- Qingdao
, China
- Rostov-on-Don
, Russia
- Seville
, Spain
- Suncheon
, South Korea
- Taldykorgan
, Kazakhstan
- Urumqi
, China
- Vladimir
, Russia
- Xining
, China
- Yalta
, Ukraine
Notable people
[
edit
]
- Tarık Akıltopu
, architect, historian, poet, writer
[77]
- Cafercan Aksu
, football player
[
citation needed
]
- Athenaeus of Attalia
, physician and founder of the Pneumatist School of Medicine, 1st century AD
[78]
- Michael Attaliates
Byzantine lawyer of the 11th century
[79]
- Attalus II Philadelphus
King of
Pergamon
and the founder of
Attalia
- Deniz Baykal
, former leader of
Republican People's Party
[
citation needed
]
- Ya?mur Sarıgul
, musician, composer of
maNga
[
citation needed
]
- Ahmet Sonuc, video game streamer known as
Jahrein
- Musa Uzunlar
, actor
[
citation needed
]
- Burak Yılmaz
, football player
[
citation needed
]
- Levent Yuksel
, musician, composer
[80]
Notes
[
edit
]
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edit
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Gautier, ≪La Diataxis de Michel Attaliate≫, 12 argues convincingly for birth in Attaleia; Tsolakis, “Aus dem Leben des Michael Attaleiates,” 5?7; Kazhdan, “The Social Views of Michael Attaleiates,” 58 both argued for Constantinopolitan origins.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Antalya
.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for
Antalya
.
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Largest cities or towns in Turkey
TU?K
's address-based calculation from 31 December 2023 published at 7th of February 2024.
|
---|
|
Rank
|
Name
|
Municipal pop.
|
Rank
|
Name
|
Pop.
|
|
Istanbul
Ankara
|
1
|
Istanbul
|
15,655,924
|
11
|
Mersin
|
1,938,389
|
?zmir
Bursa
|
2
|
Ankara
|
5,803,482
|
12
|
Diyarbakır
|
1,818,133
|
3
|
?zmir
|
4,479,525
|
13
|
Hatay
|
1,544,640
|
4
|
Bursa
|
3,214,571
|
14
|
Manisa
|
1,475,716
|
5
|
Antalya
|
2,696,249
|
15
|
Kayseri
|
1,445,683
|
6
|
Konya
|
2,320,241
|
16
|
Samsun
|
1,377,546
|
7
|
Adana
|
2,270,298
|
17
|
Balıkesir
|
1,273,519
|
8
|
?anlıurfa
|
2,213,964
|
18
|
Tekirda?
|
1,167,059
|
9
|
Gaziantep
|
2,164,134
|
19
|
Aydın
|
1,161,702
|
10
|
Kocaeli
|
2,102,907
|
20
|
Van
|
1,127,612
|
|