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Period of Japanese history (1854?1860)
Ansei
(
安政
)
was a
Japanese era name
(
年?
,
neng?
, "year name")
after
Kaei
and before
Man'en
. This period spanned the years from November 1854 through March 1860.
[1]
The reigning emperor was
K?mei
-tenn?
(
孝明天皇
)
.
Change of era
[
edit
]
- November 27, 1854
(
Ansei gannen
(
安政元年
)
): The new era name of
Ansei
(meaning "tranquil government") was created to herald the beginning of a peaceful period. The impetus and explanation for this change of era names was said to have been the burning of the Palace in Kyoto in the preceding summer.
[2]
The new era name was derived from an hortatory aphorism: "Rule peacefully over the masses, then the ruler will remain in his place" (庶民
安政
、然後君子安位矣).
Although the notion seems appealing, the arrival of the
Black Ships
and Commodore
Matthew C. Perry
is not specifically recognized as a factor in the change of era names.
Events of the
Ansei
era
[
edit
]
- 1854
(
Ansei 1
): The
Ansei-T?kai Quake
(安政東海地震,
Ansei T?kai Jishin
) was an 8.4 magnitude earthquake which struck on December 23, 1854. The
epicenter
ranged from
Suruga Bay
to the deep ocean, and struck primarily in the
T?kai region
, but destroyed houses as far away as in
Edo
. The accompanying
tsunami
caused damage along the entire coast from the
B?s? Peninsula
in modern-day
Chiba Prefecture
to
Tosa Province
(modern-day
K?chi Prefecture
)
[3]
- 1854
(
Ansei 1
): The
Ansei-Nankai Quake
(安政南海地震,
Ansei Nankai Jishin
) was an 8.4 magnitude earthquake which struck on December 24, 1854. Over 10,000 people from the T?kai region down to Kyushu were killed.
[3]
- 1855
(
Ansei 2
): Work was begun on re-constructing the Imperial Palace after the devastating fire of
Kaei
7, and the project was completed in nine months.
[4]
- 1855
(
Ansei 2, 21st day of the 11th month
): The emperor moved into the reconstructed palace, having previously lived in the Sh?go-in and then
Katsura-no-miya
. The people were permitted to view the grand Imperial progress.
[4]
- November 11, 1855
(
Ansei 2
):
1855 Edo earthquake
, one of the
Ansei great earthquakes
, with resulting fire damage and loss of life.
[5]
Epicenter ? (Latitude: 36.000/Longitude: 140.000), 6.9 magnitude on the
Richter Scale
.
[6]
- November 15, 1857
(
Ansei 4
):
Nagasaki Medical School
is opened. Dr. Pompe van Meerdevoort gave the first formal public lecture on medical and surgical sciences at the new school, which became as well the first such lecture to be delivered in any Japanese venue.
[7]
- 1858?1860
(
Ansei 5-Ansei 7
):
Cholera
outbreak is believed to have killed between 100,000 and 200,000 people in
Edo
alone.
[8]
- April 9, 1858
(
Ansei 5
): The
1858 Hietsu earthquake
kills hundreds.
- 1858
(
Ansei 5
): The initial establishment of
Keio University
, seven years before the beginning of the
Keio
era; nevertheless, the university was named after the later era. This is the oldest existing institution of higher learning in Japan.
[9]
- July 29, 1859
(
Ansei 5
):
Tair?
Ii Naosuke
signs Japanese-American
Treaty of Amity and Commerce
(also known as the "Harris Treaty"), which was a follow-up to the 1854
Treaty of Kanagawa
.
[10]
- 1858
(
Ansei 5
): Beginning of
Ansei Purge
at the order of Ii Naosuke on behalf of the
bakufu
.
[11]
- 1860
(
Ansei 7
): Fire at
Edo Castle
.
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Nussbaum, Louis-Frederic. (2005). "
Ansei
"
Japan Encyclopedia,
p. 33
, p. 33, at
Google Books
; n.b., Louis-Frederic is pseudonym of Louis-Frederic Nussbaum,
see
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
.
- ^
Satow, Ernest Mason. (1905).
Japan 1853?1864, Or, Genji Yume Monogatari
, p. 11.
- ^
a
b
_____. (2007). "Great Earthquakes of Ansei"
(
安政大地震
,
Ansei Daijishin
)
in
Historical Encyclopedia of Great Edo
(
大江??史百科
,
?-Edo Rekishi Hyakka
)
, p. 253.
- ^
a
b
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956).
Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794?1869.
p. 324.
- ^
Smitts, Gregory. "Shaking up Japan: Edo Society and the 1855 Catfish Picture Prints"
Journal of Social History
, No 39, No. 4, Summer 2006.
- ^
"Significant Earthquake Database"
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
- ^
Whitney, Willis Norton. (1885). "Notes on the history of medical progress in Japan",
Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
, pp. 841?842.
- ^
Kaoru Sugihara; Peter G. Robb; Haruka Yanagisawa (1996).
Local Agrarian Societies in Colonial India: Japanese Perspectives
. Psychology Press. p. 313.
ISBN
978-0-7007-0471-2
.
- ^
Ozaki, Yukio. (2001).
The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio
, p. 21.
- ^
Cullen, Louis. (2003).
A History of Japan, 1582?1941: Internal and External Worlds
, p. 180?186.
- ^
Cullen, pp. 184?188.
- ^
Kusunoki, pp. 52?66; Cullen, p. 184.
References
[
edit
]
- Cullen, Louis M.
(2003).
A History of Japan, 1582?1941: Internal and External Worlds.
Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
.
ISBN
9780521821551
;
ISBN
9780521529181
;
OCLC 50694793
- Kusunoki Sei'ichir? (1991).
Nihon shi omoshiro suiri: Nazo no satsujin jiken wo oe
. Tokyo: Futami bunko.
- Ozaki
, Yukio. (2001).
The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan.
[Translated by Fujiko Hara]. Princeton:
Princeton University Press
.
ISBN
9780691050959
;
OCLC 45363447
- Nussbaum, Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth. (2005).
Japan Encyclopedia.
Cambridge:
Harvard University Press
.
ISBN
978-0-674-01753-5
;
OCLC 48943301
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B.
(1956).
Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794?1869.
Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society.
OCLC 559477127
- Satow, Ernest Mason
. (1905).
Japan 1853?1864, Or, Genji Yume Monogatari.
Tokyo: Naigwai Shuppan Kyokwai.
OCLC 643621953
- Whitney, Willis Norton (1885).
Notes on the History of Medical Progress in Japan
. Yokohama: R.J. Meiklejohn & Company.
External links
[
edit
]
Preceded by
|
Era or
neng?
Ansei
(
安政
)
27 November 1854 ? 17 March 1860
|
Succeeded by
|
|
---|
538?1264
|
---|
Asuka
| Heian
| Heian
(cont'd)
| Heian
(cont'd)
| Heian
(cont'd)
| Heian
(cont'd)
| Kamakura
(cont'd)
| | | | | | | |
|
|
|
|