1978 comedy film by John Landis
National Lampoon's Animal House
|
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Directed by
| John Landis
|
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Written by
| |
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Produced by
| |
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Starring
| |
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Cinematography
| Charles Correll
|
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Edited by
| George Folsey Jr.
|
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Music by
| Elmer Bernstein
|
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Production
company
| |
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Distributed by
| Universal Pictures
[1]
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Release date
|
- July 28, 1978
(
1978-07-28
)
|
---|
Running time
| 109 minutes
[2]
|
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Country
| United States
|
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Language
| English
|
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Budget
| $3 million
[3]
|
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Box office
| $141.6 million
[4]
|
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National Lampoon's Animal House
is a 1978 American
comedy film
directed by
John Landis
and written by
Harold Ramis
,
Douglas Kenney
and
Chris Miller
. It stars
John Belushi
,
Tim Matheson
,
John Vernon
,
Verna Bloom
,
Thomas Hulce
and
Donald Sutherland
. The film is about a trouble-making fraternity whose members challenge the authority of the dean of the fictional Faber College.
Produced by
Matty Simmons
of
National Lampoon
and
Ivan Reitman
for
Universal Pictures
, it was inspired by stories written by Miller and published in
National Lampoon
, which were based on Ramis' experience in the
Zeta Beta Tau
fraternity at
Washington University in St. Louis
, Miller's
Alpha Delta Phi
experiences at
Dartmouth College
in
New Hampshire
, and producer Reitman's at
McMaster University
in
Hamilton, Ontario
.
Of the younger lead actors, only the 28-year-old Belushi was an established star, but even he had not yet appeared in a film, having gained fame as an original cast member of
Saturday Night Live
, which was in its third season in the autumn of 1977. Several of the actors who were cast as college students, including
Thomas Hulce
,
Karen Allen
, and
Kevin Bacon
, were just beginning their film careers. Matheson, also cast as a student, was already a seasoned actor, having appeared in movies and television since the age of 13.
Filming took place at the
University of Oregon
[5]
from October to December 1977. Following its initial release on July 28, 1978,
Animal House
received generally mixed reviews from critics, but
Time
and
Roger Ebert
proclaimed it one of the year's best. Filmed for only $3 million (equivalent to $14,014,286 in today's money) it garnered an estimated gross of more than $141 million ($658,671,429 in today's money) in the form of theatrical rentals and home video, not including merchandising, making it the highest grossing comedy film of its time.
[4]
[6]
The film, along with 1977's
The Kentucky Fried Movie
, also directed by Landis, was largely responsible for defining and launching the
gross-out
film genre, which became one of Hollywood's staples.
[7]
Animal House
is now regarded as one of the
best comedy films of all time
.
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
In 2001, the United States
Library of Congress
deemed
National Lampoon's Animal House
"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected it for preservation in the
National Film Registry
. It was No. 1 on
Bravo's
"100 Funniest Movies". It was No. 36 on
AFI
's "
100 Years... 100 Laughs
" list of the 100 best American comedies. In 2008,
Empire
magazine selected it as No. 279 of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time".
Plot
[
edit
]
In the fall of 1962, Faber College freshmen Larry Kroger and Kent Dorfman seek to pledge a fraternity. Finding themselves ostracized at the prestigious Omega Theta Pi house party, the two visit the Delta Tau Chi house next door; Kent cannot be rejected because his brother Fred was a member, making him a "legacy." During the party, they meet John Blutarsky ("Bluto"), chapter president Robert Hoover ("Hoov"), smooth-talking ladies man Eric Stratton ("Otter"), motorcyclist Daniel Simpson Day ("D-Day"), Donald Schoenstein ("Boon"), and Boon's frustrated girlfriend Katy. Larry and Kent are accepted as Delta pledges and given fraternity names "Pinto" and "Flounder," respectively. Meanwhile, pledge Chip Diller is accepted into Omega house and given a
paddling
as part of his
initiation
.
Wanting to remove the Delta fraternity, which is on probation due to numerous conduct violations and overall poor academic standing, Dean Vernon Wormer directs Greg Marmalard, the Omegas' president, to get fellow Omega and
ROTC
Cadet Commander Douglas C. Neidermeyer to find a reason to expel Delta house. Various incidents deepen the animosity between Delta, Omega, and Wormer, including the accidental death of Neidermeyer's horse during a retaliatory prank for bullying ROTC member Flounder. Otter flirts with Mandy, having previously had sex with her, unbeknownst to Marmalard.
Later on, Bluto and D-Day steal the answer key to an upcoming midterm exam from the trash, unaware that the Omegas have switched it for a fake one with wrong answers. The Deltas all fail, and their
grade-point
averages drop so low that Wormer tells them he needs only one more incident to revoke their charter and have them permanently dismissed from campus.
Unconcerned, the Deltas organize a
toga party
, recruiting Pinto and Flounder to shoplift party supplies from a supermarket. At the market, Pinto meets a young cashier named Clorette and invites her to the party, while Otter flirts with an older woman, who turns out to be Wormer's alcoholic wife, Marion. During the toga party, at which
Otis Day and the Knights
perform, Otter seduces Marion, while Pinto and Clorette make out until she passes out, drunk. Pinto resists the temptation to rape her and instead takes her home in a shopping cart. He later discovers that she is the 13-year-old daughter of Carmine DePasto, the town mayor.
Wormer organizes a
kangaroo court
led by the Omegas, which revokes the Deltas' charter and confiscates the contents of their house. Otter, Boon, Pinto, and Flounder take a road trip in Flounder's brother Fred's borrowed
Lincoln Continental
. They arrive at Emily Dickinson College, an all-girls institution, where Otter poses as Frank, the fiance of a recently deceased student named Fawn Liebowitz to find dates for himself and the others. They stop at a
roadhouse bar
where Otis Day and the Knights are performing, unaware that the clientele is exclusively Black. Some of the patrons intimidate the Deltas into abandoning their dates and fleeing.
The next morning, Boon discovers Katy has spent the night with English professor Dave Jennings. Babs tells Marmalard that Mandy and Otter have been having an affair; Marmalard has Babs lure Otter to a motel where the Omegas beat him up. Due to the Deltas' dismal midterm grades, Wormer expels them all from Faber and gleefully tells them he has notified their local
draft boards
that they are all eligible for military service. With Otter's support, Bluto rallies the Deltas to seek revenge during the annual
Homecoming
parade. D-Day converts Fred's Lincoln into the "Deathmobile," an armored vehicle concealed inside a cake-shaped breakaway
float
, and the Deltas wreak havoc during the parade. It culminates in the Deathmobile ramming the reviewing stand, tossing Marmalard, Wormer, DePasto and the latter two’s wives into the air.
As chaos reigns on the streets, the futures of several characters are revealed. Many Deltas achieve unexpected success, with Bluto becoming a
United States senator
and marrying Mandy, while most of the Omegas have less fortunate outcomes, such as Neidermeyer ending up killed by his own troops during the
Vietnam War
.
Cast
[
edit
]
Delta House
[
edit
]
Omega House
[
edit
]
Pi House
[
edit
]
Others
[
edit
]
Production
[
edit
]
Development
[
edit
]
Animal House
was the first film produced by
National Lampoon
, the most popular humor magazine on college campuses in the mid-1970s.
[12]
The periodical specialized in satirizing politics and popular culture. Many of the magazine's writers were recent college graduates, hence its appeal to students all over the country.
Doug Kenney
was a
Lampoon
writer and the magazine's first editor-in-chief. He graduated from
Harvard University
in 1969 and had a college experience closer to the Omegas in the film (he had been president of the university's elite
Spee Club
).
[12]
Kenney was responsible for the first appearances of three characters that would appear in the film, Larry Kroger, Mandy Pepperidge, and Vernon Wormer. They made their debut in 1973's
National Lampoon's High School Yearbook
, a satire of a Middle America 1964 high school yearbook. Kroger's and Pepperidge's characters in the yearbook were effectively the same as their characters in the movie, whereas Vernon Wormer was a P.E. and civics teacher as well as an athletic coach in the yearbook.
[
citation needed
]
However, Kenney felt that fellow
Lampoon
writer
Chris Miller
was the magazine's expert on the college experience.
[12]
Faced with an impending deadline, Miller submitted a chapter from his then-abandoned memoirs entitled
The Night of the Seven Fires
about pledging experiences from his fraternity days in Alpha Delta (associated with the national
Alpha Delta Phi
during Miller's undergraduate years; the fraternity subsequently disassociated itself from the national organization and is now called Alpha Delta) at
Dartmouth College
, in
Hanover, New Hampshire
. The antics of his fellow fraternities, coupled with experiences like that of a road trip to the University of Wisconsin?Madison and its Delta Chi Fraternity, became the inspiration for the Delta Tau Chis of
Animal House
, and many characters in the film (and their nicknames) were based on Miller's fraternity brothers.
[12]
Filmmaker
Ivan Reitman
had just finished producing
David Cronenberg
's first film,
Shivers
, and called the magazine's publisher
Matty Simmons
about making movies under the
Lampoon
banner.
[13]
Reitman had put together
The National Lampoon Show
in New York City featuring several future
Saturday Night Live
cast members, including John Belushi. When most of the
Lampoon
group moved on to
SNL
except for
Harold Ramis
, Reitman approached him with an idea to make a film together using some skits from the
Lampoon Show
.
[13]
Screenplay
[
edit
]
Kenney met
Lampoon
writer Ramis at the suggestion of Simmons. Ramis drew from his own fraternity experiences as a member of
Zeta Beta Tau
fraternity at
Washington University in St. Louis
and was working on a film treatment about college called "First Year", but the magazine's editors were not happy with it.
[12]
The famous scene of Bruce McGill as D-Day riding a motorcycle up the stairs of the fraternity house was inspired by Belushi's antics while a student at the
University of Wisconsin?Whitewater
.
[14]
Kenney and Ramis started working on a new film treatment together, positing
Charles Manson
in a high school, calling it
Laser Orgy Girls
.
[13]
Simmons was cool to this idea so they changed the setting to a "
northeastern
college ... Ivy League kind of school".
[7]
Kenney was a fan of Miller's fraternity stories and suggested using them as a basis for a movie. Kenney, Miller, and Ramis began brainstorming ideas.
[13]
They saw the film's 1962 setting as "the last innocent year ... of America", and the homecoming parade that ends the film as occurring on November 21, 1963, the day before
President Kennedy's assassination
.
[7]
They agreed that Belushi should star in it and Ramis wrote the part of Bluto specifically for the comedian,
[6]
having been friends with him while at Chicago's
The Second City
.
[15]
Ramis, Miller, and Kenney were all new to screenwriting,
[7]
[6]
so their film treatment ran to 110 pages, where most treatments average 15 pages. Reitman and Simmons pitched it to every Hollywood studio. Simmons met with
Ned Tanen
, an executive at Universal Pictures. He was encouraged by younger executives
Sean Daniel
and
Thom Mount
who were more receptive to the Lampoon type of humor;
[12]
Mount had discovered the "Seven Fires" film treatment as Tanen's assistant while investigating projects left by a fired studio executive.
[6]
Tanen hated the idea. Ramis remembers, "We went further than I think Universal expected or wanted. I think they were shocked and appalled. Chris' fraternity had virtually been a vomiting cult. And we had a lot of scenes that were almost orgies of vomit ... We didn't back off anything".
[13]
The writers eventually created nine drafts of the screenplay, and the studio gradually became more receptive to the project, especially Mount, who championed it.
[16]
The studio green-lighted the film and set the budget at a modest $3 million.
[12]
Simmons remembers, "They just figured, 'Screw it, it's a silly little movie, and we'll make a couple of bucks if we're lucky?let them do whatever they want.'
"
[13]
Casting
[
edit
]
Initially, Reitman had wanted to direct but had made only one film,
Cannibal Girls
, for $5,000.
[13]
The film's producers approached
Richard Lester
and
Bob Rafelson
before hiring
John Landis
, who got the director job based on his work on
Kentucky Fried Movie
.
[16]
That film's script and continuity supervisor was the girlfriend of Sean Daniel, an assistant to Mount. Daniel saw Landis's movie and recommended him. Landis then met with Mount, Reitman, and Simmons and got the job.
[13]
Landis remembered, "When I was given the script, it was the funniest thing I had ever read up to that time. But it was really offensive. There was a great deal of projectile vomiting and rape and all these things".
[17]
Landis claims his big contribution to the film was that there "had to be good guys and bad guys. There can't just be bad guys, so there became a good fraternity and bad fraternity".
[18]
There was also early friction between Landis and the writers because the director was a high-school dropout from Hollywood and they were all college graduates from the East Coast. Ramis recalled, "He sort of referred immediately to
Animal House
as 'my movie.' We'd been living with it for two years and we hated that".
[13]
According to Landis, he drew inspiration from classic Hollywood comedies featuring the likes of
Buster Keaton
,
Harold Lloyd
, and the
Marx Brothers
.
[19]
The initial cast was to feature
Chevy Chase
as Otter,
Bill Murray
as Boon,
Brian Doyle-Murray
as Hoover,
Dan Aykroyd
as D-Day, and
John Belushi
as Bluto, but only Belushi was interested. Chase turned the film down in favor of
Foul Play
;
[13]
Landis, who wanted to cast unknown
[7]
dramatic actors
[6]
[13]
such as Bacon and Allen (the first film for both) instead of famous comedians,
[13]
takes credit for subtly discouraging Chase by describing the cast as an "
ensemble
".
[7]
Landis has also stated that he was not interested in directing a "
Saturday Night Live
movie" and that unknowns would be the better choice. The character of D-Day was based on Aykroyd, a motorcycle aficionado. Aykroyd was offered the part, but he was already committed to
Saturday Night Live
; according to Landis, the show's producer
Lorne Michaels
threatened to fire Aykroyd from the show's cast if he took the role of D-Day,
[16]
which ultimately went to Bruce McGill and provided him with his breakthrough role.
[20]
In August 2018, Aykroyd explained that although Michaels permitted him to do
Animal House
, he ultimately chose to stay behind on
Saturday Night Live
so as not to leave Michaels understaffed.
[21]
[22]
Belushi, who had worked on
The National Lampoon Radio Hour
before
Saturday Night Live
,
[7]
was also busy with SNL, but spent Monday through Wednesday making the film and then flew back to New York to do the show on Thursday through Saturday.
[15]
Ramis originally wrote the role of Boon for himself, but Landis felt that he looked too old for the part and Peter Riegert was cast instead. Landis offered Ramis a smaller part, but he declined. Landis met with
Jack Webb
to play Dean Wormer and
Kim Novak
to play his wife; at the time, Webb reportedly turned down the role because of concerns over his clean-cut
Dragnet
image, but later said he did not find the script funny. Ultimately,
John Vernon
was cast as Wormer after Landis saw him in
The Outlaw Josey Wales
.
[6]
Belushi initially received only $35,000 for
Animal House
, but was paid a bonus after the film became a hit.
[15]
Landis also met with
Meat Loaf
in case Belushi turned down the role of Bluto. Landis worked with Belushi on his character, who "hardly had any dialogue";
[7]
[23]
they decided that Bluto was a cross between
Harpo Marx
and the
Cookie Monster
.
[7]
[24]
Belushi said he developed his ability to communicate without talking because his
Albanian
grandmother spoke little English.
[25]
Belushi was considered a supporting actor and Universal wanted another star.
[6]
Landis had been a crew member on
Kelly's Heroes
and had become friends with actor
Donald Sutherland
, sometimes babysitting his son
Kiefer
.
[13]
He had also just worked with him on
Kentucky Fried Movie
. Landis asked Sutherland, one of the most popular film stars of the early 1970s, to be in the movie. For two days of work, Sutherland declined the initial offer of $20,000 plus "points" (a percentage of the gross or net income).
[26]
Universal then offered him his day rate of $25,000
[27]
or 2% of the film's
gross
.
[26]
[27]
Sutherland took the guaranteed fee, assuming that the film would not be very successful; although this made him the highest-paid member of the cast (Belushi and Neidermeyer's horse, Junior, each received $40,000),
[28]
the decision cost Sutherland what he estimates at around $14 million.
[27]
The star's participation, however, was crucial; Landis later said "It was Donald Sutherland who essentially got the film made."
[6]
[27]
"Pinto" was screenwriter Chris Miller's nickname at his Dartmouth fraternity.
[7]
DeWayne Jessie adopted the "Otis Day" name in his private life and continued touring with the band.
[7]
Locations
[
edit
]
The filmmakers' next problem was finding a college that would let them shoot the film on their campus.
[13]
Because it was set in the past, they needed a location with a classic look,
[29]
so submitted the script to several colleges and universities but "nobody wanted this movie" due to the script. According to Landis, "I couldn't find 'the look'. Every place that had 'the look' said, 'no thank you.'"
[7]
The
University of Missouri
(
Columbia, Missouri
) gave consent to shoot the movie at the college, but President
Herbert W. Schooling
withdrew permission to film there after reading the script.
[28]
The president of the
University of Oregon
in
Eugene
,
William Beaty Boyd
,
[30]
had been a senior administrator at the
University of California
in
Berkeley
in 1966 when his campus was considered for a location of the film
The Graduate
. After he consulted with other senior administrative colleagues who advised him to turn it down due to the lack of artistic merit, the college campus scenes set at Berkeley were shot at
USC
in Los Angeles. The film went on to become a classic, and Boyd was determined not to make the same mistake twice when the producers inquired about filming in Oregon. After consulting with student government leaders and officers of the Pan Hellenic Council, the Director of University Relations advised the president that the script, although raunchy and often tasteless, was a very funny spoof of college life. Boyd even allowed the filmmakers to use his office as Dean Wormer's.
[13]
Because of the film's content, however, he insisted that "Oregon" not be mentioned in the film. The filmmakers paid $20,000 to use the campus.
[29]
The actual house depicted as the Delta House was originally a residence near the campus in Eugene, the Dr. A.W. Patterson House. Around 1959, it was acquired by the Psi Deuteron chapter of
Phi Sigma Kappa
fraternity and was their chapter house until 1967, when the chapter was closed due to low membership. The house was sold, remained vacant, and slid into disrepair, with the spacious porch removed and the lawn graveled over. At the time of the shooting, the
Phi Kappa Psi
and
Sigma Nu
fraternity houses sat next to the old Phi Sigma Kappa house, on the 700 block of East 11th Avenue.
[31]
The interior of the Phi Kappa Psi house and the Sigma Nu house were used for most of the interior scenes, but the scenes in Otter and Hoover's bedrooms were filmed on a soundstage. The Patterson house remained vacant after filming ended in 1977 and was demolished in 1986,
[32]
and the site (
44°02′53″N
123°04′52″W
/
44.048°N 123.081°W
/
44.048; -123.081
) is now occupied by
Bushnell University
's School of Education and Counseling. A large boulder placed to the west of the parking entrance displays a bronze plaque commemorating the Delta House location. The concluding parade scene was filmed on Main Street in downtown
Cottage Grove
, about twenty miles (32 km) south of Eugene via
Interstate 5
.
Principal photography
[
edit
]
Filming began on October 24, 1977, and concluded in the middle of December 1977.
[1]
and Landis brought the actors who played the Deltas up five days early to bond. Staying at the
Rodeway Inn
motel in adjacent
Springfield
,
[31]
they moved an old piano from the lobby into McGill's room, which became known as "party central." James Widdoes ("Hoover") remembers, "It was like freshman orientation. There was a lot of getting to know each other and calling each other by our character names." This tactic encouraged the actors playing the Deltas to separate themselves from the actors playing the Omegas, helping generate authentic animosity between them on camera. Belushi and his wife Judy rented a house in south Eugene to keep him away from alcohol and drugs;
[13]
[24]
she remained in Oregon while he commuted to New York City for
Saturday Night Live
.
University of Oregon students got haircuts to appear as extras. Not knowing the story, they were bemused to see a horse being led into
Johnson Hall
.
[33]
Although the cast members were admonished against mixing with the college students,
[7]
one night, some girls invited several of the cast to a fraternity party; assuming the invitation had been made with the knowledge of the fraternity, the actors arrived and were initially greeted coldly which soon turned to open hostility.
[13]
It was obvious the group was not welcome, and as they were leaving, Widdoes threw a cup of beer at a group of drunk
Oregon Ducks football
players and a melee "like a scene from the movie"
[7]
broke out. Tim Matheson, Bruce McGill, Peter Riegert, and Widdoes narrowly escaped, with McGill suffering a black eye and Widdoes getting several teeth broken or knocked out.
[13]
Other than Belushi's opening yell, the food fight was filmed in one
shot
, with the actors encouraged to fight for real.
[7]
Flounder's dexterous catching of flying groceries in the supermarket was another single shot; Furst deftly caught most of the grocery items Matheson and Landis rapidly threw at him from off camera, to the director's amazement.
[6]
[7]
By filming the long courtroom scene in one day, Landis won a bet with Reitman.
[6]
The film's budget was so small that during the 32 days of shooting in Eugene, mostly in November,
[24]
[31]
[34]
Landis had no trailer or office and could not watch
dailies
for three weeks. His wife
Deborah Nadoolman
purchased most of the costumes at local thrift stores, and she and Judy Belushi made the party togas.
[6]
Landis and Bruce McGill staged a scene for reporters visiting the set where the director pretended to be angry at the actor for being difficult on the set.
[35]
Landis grabbed a breakaway pitcher and smashed it over McGill's head. He fell to the ground and pretended to be unconscious. The reporters were completely fooled, and when Landis asked McGill to get up, he refused to move.
[35]
Black extras had to be bused in from
Portland
for the segment at the
Dexter
Lake Club (
43°54′50″N
122°48′41″W
/
43.914°N 122.8115°W
/
43.914; -122.8115
) due to their scarcity around Eugene. More seriously, the segment alarmed Tanen and other studio executives, who perceived it as racist and warned that "'black people in America are going to rip the seats out of theaters if you leave that scene in the movie.'"
Richard Pryor
's approval helped retain the segment in the film.
[7]
[6]
The studio became more enthusiastic about the film when Reitman showed executives and sales managers of various regions in the country a 10-minute production reel that was put together in two days.
[16]
The reaction was positive and the studio sent 20 copies out to exhibitors.
[16]
The first preview screening for
Animal House
was held in
Denver
four months before it opened nationwide. The crowd loved it and the filmmakers realized they had a potential hit on their hands.
[13]
The original cut of the movie was a lengthy 175 minutes and more than an hour was dropped; the deleted scenes included:
- a John Landis cameo as a cafeteria dishwasher who tries to stop Bluto from eating all the food. Landis is dragged across a table and thrown to the floor by Bluto who then says "You don't fuck with the eagles unless you know how to fly."
- a scene where Boon and Hoover tell Pinto the tales of legendary Delta House frat brothers from years before who had names like Tarantula, Bulldozer, Giraffe, and his girlfriend, Gross Kay.
- two different deleted scenes with Otter and a couple of his girlfriends (one played by
Sunny Johnson
?listed in the credits as "Otter's Co-Ed" although her scene was deleted?and the other played by location scout Katherine Wilson, whose deleted scene can be seen in the theatrical trailer).
- an extended version of the scene where Bluto pours mustard on himself and starts singing "I am the Mustard Man."
Soundtrack and score
[
edit
]
The soundtrack is a mix of
rock and roll
and
rhythm and blues
with the original score created by film composer
Elmer Bernstein
, who had been a Landis family friend since John Landis was a child.
[36]
Bernstein was easily persuaded to score the film, but was not sure what to make of it. Similar to his preferring dramatic actors for the comedy, Landis asked Bernstein to score it as though it were serious. He adapted the "Faber College Theme" from the
Academic Festival Overture
by
Brahms
, and said that the film opened yet another door in his diverse career, to scoring comedies.
[36]
[6]
The soundtrack was released as a
vinyl album
in 1978, and then as a CD in 1998. In the late 2000s, the very first song on the soundtrack, the "Faber College Theme", came to prominence due to its purported resemblance to the
Bosnian national anthem
.
[37]
[38]
[39]
- Soundtrack album listing
- Additional music in the film
Reception
[
edit
]
Critical reception
[
edit
]
At the time of its release,
Animal House
received mixed reviews
[7]
but several prominent critics immediately acknowledged its appeal,
[40]
and it has since been recognized as one of the best films of 1978.
[41]
[42]
[43]
The film holds a 91% positive rating on the
review aggregator
website
Rotten Tomatoes
from 53 critics. Its consensus states, "The talents of director John Landis and
Saturday Night Live
'
s irrepressible John Belushi conspired to create a rambunctious, subversive college comedy that continues to resonate."
[44]
On
Metacritic
, the film has a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on 13 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
[45]
Roger Ebert
gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, "It's anarchic, messy, and filled with energy. It assaults us. Part of the movie's impact comes from its sheer level of manic energy. ... But the movie's better made (and better acted) than we might at first realize. It takes skill to create this sort of comic pitch, and the movie's filled with characters that are sketched a little more absorbingly than they had to be, and acted with perception".
[23]
Ebert later placed the film on his 10 best list of 1978, the only
National Lampoon
film to have received this honor.
[46]
In his review for
Time
, Frank Rich wrote, "At its best it perfectly expresses the fears and loathings of kids who came of age in the late '60s; at its worst
Animal House
revels in abject silliness. The hilarious highs easily compensate for the puerile lows".
[47]
Gary Arnold wrote in his review for
The Washington Post
, "Belushi also controls a wicked array of conspiratorial expressions with the audience... He can seem irresistibly funny in repose or invest minor slapstick opportunities with a streak of genius".
[48]
David Ansen
wrote in
Newsweek
, "But if
Animal House
lacks the inspired tastelessness of the Lampoon's
High School Yearbook Parody
, this is still low humor of a high order".
[49]
Robert Martin wrote in
The Globe and Mail
, "It is so gross and tasteless you feel you should be disgusted but it's hard to be offended by something that is so sidesplittingly funny".
[50]
Time
magazine proclaimed
Animal House
one of the year's best.
[51]
When the film was released, Landis, Widdoes, and Allen went on a national promotional tour.
[35]
Universal Pictures spent about $4.5 million ($21,021,429 in today's money) promoting the film at selected college campuses and helped students organize their own toga parties.
[52]
[53]
One such party at the
University of Maryland
attracted some 2,000 people, while students at the
University of Wisconsin?Madison
tried for a crowd of 10,000 people and a place in the
Guinness Book of World Records
.
[53]
Thanks to the film, toga parties became one of the favorite college campus happenings during 1978 and 1979.
[15]
In 2000, the
American Film Institute
placed the film on its
100 Years...100 Laughs
list, where it was ranked No. 36.
[54]
In 2005, AFI ranked John "Bluto" Blutarsky's quote "Toga! Toga!" at No. 82 on its list of
100 Years...100 Movie Quotes
.
[55]
The New York Times
placed the film on its
Best 1000 Movies Ever
list.
[56]
In 2001, the
Library of Congress
deemed the film to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected it as one of 25 films preserved in the
National Film Registry
that year.
[57]
Box office
[
edit
]
In its opening weekend,
Animal House
grossed $276,538 in twelve theaters in New York before expanding to 500 theaters.
[58]
[4]
It grossed $120.1 million ($561,038,571 in today's money) in the United States and Canada in its initial release and went on to achieve a lifetime gross of $141.6 million, generating
theatrical rentals
of $70.8 million.
[4]
[59]
It was the highest grossing comedy film until the release of
Ghostbusters
(which was also written by Ramis and produced by Reitman) and the seventh highest-grossing film of the 1970s.
[6]
Adjusted for inflation, it is the 68th highest-grossing film in North America.
[60]
Internationally, it did not do as well, earning rentals of only $9 million, for a worldwide total of $80 million.
[61]
Spin-offs
[
edit
]
The film inspired a short-lived half-hour
ABC
television sitcom,
Delta House
, in which Vernon reprised his role as the long-suffering, malevolent Dean Wormer. The series also included Furst as Flounder, McGill as D-Day, and Widdoes as Hoover.
[62]
The pilot episode was written by the film's screenwriters, Kenney, Miller, and Ramis.
Michelle Pfeiffer
made her acting debut in the series (playing a new character, "Bombshell"), and Peter Fox was cast as Otter. Belushi's character from the film, John "Bluto" Blutarsky, is in the Army, but his brother, Blotto, played by
Josh Mostel
, transfers to Faber to carry on Bluto's tradition.
[63]
Animal House
inspired
Co-Ed Fever
, another sitcom but without the involvement of the film's producers or cast.
[62]
Set in a dorm of the formerly all-female Baxter College, the
pilot
of
Co-Ed Fever
was aired by
CBS
on February 4, 1979, but the network
canceled the series before airing any more episodes
.
[64]
NBC
also had its
Animal House
-inspired sitcom,
Brothers and Sisters
, in which three members of Crandall College's Pi Nu fraternity interact with members of the Gamma Iota sorority.
[62]
Like ABC's
Delta House
,
Brothers and Sisters
lasted only three months.
[65]
The film's writers planned a film sequel set in 1967 (the so-called "
Summer of Love
"), in which the Deltas have a reunion for Pinto's marriage in
Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco
. The only Delta to have become a hippie is Flounder, who is now called Pisces. Later, Chris Miller and John Weidman, another Lampoon writer, created a treatment for this screenplay, but Universal rejected it because
the sequel to
American Graffiti
, which contained some hippie-1967 sequences, had not done well. When John Belushi died, the idea was indefinitely shelved.
[66]
A second attempt at a sequel was made in 1982 with producer Matty Simmons co-authoring a script that saw some of the Deltas returning to Faber College five years after the events of the film. The project got no further than a first draft script.
[67]
Home media
[
edit
]
Animal House
was released on
videodisc
in 1979.
[68]
It was released on VHS in 1980, 1983, 1988, and 1990. In 1992, it was released in a 2-pack VHS set that included
The Blues Brothers
. It was first released on DVD in February 1998 in a "bare bones" Full Screen presentation. A 20th Anniversary Widescreen Collector's Edition DVD and a coinciding
THX
special edition VHS and a widescreen Signature Collection Laserdisc was released later that year, with a 45-minute documentary titled "The Yearbook ? An
Animal House
Reunion" by producer J.M. Kenny, with production notes, theatrical trailer, and new interviews with director Landis, writers Harold Ramis and Chris Miller, composer Elmer Bernstein, and stars Tim Matheson, Karen Allen, Stephen Furst, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Bruce McGill, James Widdoes, Peter Riegert, Mark Metcalf and Kevin Bacon.
[69]
In 2000, the collector's edition DVD was packaged along with
The Blues Brothers
and
1941
in a John Belushi 3-pack box set. The "Double Secret Probation Edition" DVD released in 2003 features cast members reprising their respective roles in a "Where Are They Now?"
mockumentary
, which posited the original film as a documentary. One major change shown in this mockumentary from the epilogue of the original film is that Bluto went on from his career in the U.S. Senate to become the President of the United States, with a voiceover on a shot of the north portico of the
White House
, since by then Belushi had died. This DVD also includes "Did You Know That? Universal Animated Anecdotes", a subtitle trivia track, the making of a documentary from the Collector's Edition,
MxPx
"Shout" music video, a theatrical trailer, production notes, and cast and filmmakers biographies.
[70]
The DVD was also available in both Widescreen and Full-Screen formats. In August 2006, the film was released on an
HD DVD
/DVD combo disc, which featured the film in a
1080p
high-definition format
on one side, and a
standard-definition format
on the opposite side.
[71]
Along with the film
Unleashed
,
Animal House
was one of
Universal
's first two HD/DVD combo releases,
[72]
but was later discontinued in 2008 after Universal decided to switch to the
Blu-ray
optical disc format following the conclusion of the
high-definition optical disc format war
.
[73]
It became available on Blu-ray optical disc on July 26, 2011.
[74]
The film was released on
4K
on May 18, 2021.
[75]
Precursors and legacy
[
edit
]
Animal House
was a great box office success despite its limited production costs and started an industry trend,
[19]
inspiring other comedies such as
Porky's
, the
Police Academy
films, the
American Pie
films
,
Up the Academy
(made by rival humor magazine
MAD
), and
Old School
among others.
[12]
[19]
[33]
Belushi became the most successful male comedy star in the world until his 1982 death; Bacon also became a star, and he, Matheson, and Allen are among those who have had lengthy acting careers. Reitman, Landis, and Ramis became successful filmmakers; Landis' use of dramatic actors and soundtrack to make the comedy believable became the traditional approach for film comedies.
[6]
The film has caused many parents to worry about their children joining fraternities and sororities.
[33]
One writer suggested, half-seriously, that the film's impact was such that future college students seeking to emulate Delta House's antics in real life led to "a drop of American college students' GPA's an average of .18 grade points, per semester".
[76]
On the left-wing and counterculture side, the film included references to topical political matters like President
Harry S. Truman
's decision to
drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
,
Richard Nixon
, the
Vietnam War
, and the
civil rights movement
.
[12]
Precursors of this counterculture subversive humor in the film were two non-"college movies",
M*A*S*H
, a 1970 satirical dark comedy, and
The Kentucky Fried Movie
, a 1977 formless comedy consisting of a series of
sketches
(which was also directed by Landis).
[19]
At the start of
Twilight Zone: The Movie
(1983), also directed by John Landis, a scene set in Vietnam includes a soldier saying "I told you guys, we shouldn't have shot Lieutenant Neidermeyer."
In 2001, the United States
Library of Congress
deemed the film "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected it for preservation in the
National Film Registry
.
[77]
Animal House
is first on
Bravo
's 100 Funniest Movies.
[78]
In 2000, the
American Film Institute
ranked the film No. 36 on
100 Years... 100 Laughs
, a list of the 100 best American comedies.
[79]
In 2006, Miller wrote a more comprehensive memoir of his experiences in Dartmouth's AD house in a book entitled,
The Real Animal House: The Awesomely Depraved Saga of the Fraternity That Inspired the Movie
, in which Miller recounts hijinks that were considered too risque for the movie. In 2008,
Empire
magazine selected
Animal House
as one of
The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time
.
[80]
The film was also selected by
The New York Times
as one of
The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made
.
[81]
In 2012, Universal Pictures Stage Productions announced it was developing a stage musical version of the movie.
Barenaked Ladies
were originally announced to write the score, but they were replaced by composer
David Yazbek
.
[82]
Casey Nicholaw
was billed to direct;
[83]
author Michael Mitnick was reported to be involved.
[84]
The University of Oregon celebrates its participation in the film. It offers visitors a guide to filming locations, and the
Knight Library
has a collection of material on the film's production.
[29]
Between the third and fourth quarter of every football game at
Autzen Stadium
, "Shout" from the toga party scene is played, to which the entire stadium sings along.
[85]
See also
[
edit
]
- Revenge of the Nerds
(1984): Another comedy film about college students going up against a fraternity.
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"David Yazbek Replaces Barenaked Ladies as Songwriter of Animal House Musical - Playbill.com"
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"Casey Nicholaw to Helm New ANIMAL HOUSE Musical; Barenaked Ladies to Write Score!"
.
Broadway World
. March 5, 2012.
Archived
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. Retrieved
March 6,
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.
- ^
"Toga Party on Broadway! "Animal House" Being Made into Stage Musical"
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