River in Jakarta, Indonesia
The
Angke River
(
Indonesian
:
Kali Angke
or
Sungai Angke
,
Chinese
:
紅溪
;
pinyin
:
Hong x?
;
Pe?h-?e-j?
:
Ang-khe
) is a 91.25-kilometre (56.70 mi) long river in
Jakarta
,
Indonesia
. The river flows from the
Bogor
area of
West Java
,
[2]
passing through the cities of
Tangerang
(
Banten
) and
Jakarta
into the
Java Sea
[3]
via the Cengkareng Drain.
[4]
The river is connected with the
Cisadane River
by
the Mookervaart Canal
.
Etymology
[
edit
]
The river may be named after Prince Tubagus Angke, from the
Banten Sultanate
, who was the ruler of
Jayakarta
in the 16th century. Another theory is that the name refers to the
1740 Batavia massacre
in which 10,000 ethnic Chinese residents of the city were massacred by the
Dutch East India Company
with many bodies dumped in the river.
Ang
means "red" in
Hokkien
, which could refer to the bloody event.
[5]
Hydrology
[
edit
]
The main river has a length of 91.25 kilometres (56.70 mi), with a watershed area (Indonesian:
Daerah Pengaliran Sungai
) of 480 km².
[4]
The average daily rainfall is 132 mm, with the peak debit at 290 m³.
[4]
The river never dries throughout the year, because it connects directly to a constant source at the districts of Menteng and Cilendek Timur in the city of Bogor,
East Java
. From there it flows through the territory of
South Tangerang
,
Tangerang
,
Jakarta
, and drains to
the Java Sea
in the village of Muara Angke (literally: "(river) mouth of Angke"), Penjaringan,
West Jakarta
. In rainy seasons, the river annually causes local floods, usually in the districts of Pinang, Cipondoh, Ciledug (all in Tangerang), Joglo, Kembangan, Rawa Buaya, Duri Kosambi and Cengkareng (all in West Jakarta).
[6]
[7]
[8]
Geography
[
edit
]
The river flows in the northwest area of Java with a predominantly
tropical rainforest climate
(designated as
Af
in the Koppen-Geiger climate classification).
[9]
The annual average temperature in the area is 27 °C. The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is May, at 26 °C.
[10]
The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm of rainfall.
[11]
Historic place
[
edit
]
Fort Anke
was built by the
Dutch East India Company
in 1657
[12]
at the intersection of the
Mookervaart channel
and
Angke River
.
[13]
Historical names for the fort include Anckee, Anke, and Ankee.
[14]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Simanjuntak, T. P. Moan (16 July 2014).
"Maja River in Pegadungan Strewn with Water Hyacinth and Mud"
.
Berita Resmi Pemprov
. Archived from
the original
on 18 March 2015
. Retrieved
3 December
2018
.
- ^
Kali Angke in West Java
- ^
Mouth of Kali Angke to Java Sea - Geonames.org
- ^
a
b
c
BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane.
Pengendalian Banjir dan Perbaikan Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane
(PBPS CC).
Archived in
Konservasi DAS Ciliwung
- April 2012.
- ^
(in Indonesian)
Horde, G.
dkk. 2012.
"Sejarah Kawasan Angke Di Batavia"
Archived
2019-06-14 at the
Wayback Machine
. Article in
Budaya Tionghoa
dated 20 March 2012. Accessed 03 May 2017.
- ^
Poskota:
Kali Angke Meluap, Ciledug Indah Kebanjiran
Archived
2017-09-02 at the
Wayback Machine
. Berita Jumat, 23 Januari 2015 - 13:59 WIB
- ^
Tribun News:
Banjir di Kota Tangerang Disebabkan Kali Angke Meluap
. Berita Senin, 14 November 2016 - 12:25 WIB
- ^
Okezone:
Waduh! Rawa Buaya dan Duri Kosambi Terendam Banjir
. Berita Kamis, 23 Maret 2017 - 09:39 WIB
- ^
Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007).
"Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification"
.
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
.
11
.
doi
:
10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
.
- ^
"NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index"
. NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from
the original
on 10 May 2020
. Retrieved
1 September
2017
.
- ^
"NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)"
. NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016. Archived from
the original
on 19 April 2019
. Retrieved
1 September
2017
.
- ^
"Angke, Fort"
(in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from
the original
on November 7, 2016
. Retrieved
July 6,
2011
.
- ^
"Vijfhoek Redoute"
.
Jakarta Encyclopedia
. Department of Communication, Informatics and Public Relations of Jakarta Capital City. 1995?2012. Archived from
the original
on August 8, 2014
. Retrieved
August 1,
2014
.
- ^
"Anckee"
.
Atlas of Mutual Heritage
. AMH. 2014
. Retrieved
August 1,
2014
.