Town in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Anadyr
(
Russian
:
Ана?дырь
,
IPA:
[??nad?r?]
ⓘ
;
Chukchi
:
Кагыргын
,
romanized:
Kagyrgyn
,
IPA
[k???r???n]
;
Southern Chukchi
:
Въэ?ын
,
romanized:
V"e?yn
) is a port town and the
administrative center
of
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
,
Russia
, located at the mouth of the
Anadyr River
at the tip of a
peninsula
that protrudes into
Anadyrsky Liman
. It was previously known as
Novo-Mariinsk
(until 1923). Anadyr is the easternmost
town
in Russia; more easterly settlements, such as
Provideniya
and
Uelen
, do not have town status.
History
[
edit
]
Early history
[
edit
]
Although the town itself has only been in existence for just over a century, the origins of the name Anadyr are much older. The name initially derives from the
Yukaghir
word "
any-an
" meaning "
river
". When
Semyon Dezhnev
met
Yukaghir
people in the area, the indigenous name was corrupted to form "
Onandyr
", later
Anadyrsk
, the name of the
ostrog
(fort) upstream of the present-day settlement, from which the current name is derived.
[11]
The
ostrog
was the only Russian settlement east of the
Kolyma River
on the Chukotka Peninsula for most of the 18th century,
[12]
though this original settlement was situated further up the
Anadyr River
, nearer to
Markovo
than the site of the current town.
[12]
Pyotr Baranov (brother of
Alexander Andreyevich Baranov
) established a trading post near the present town site in the early 19th century and the
Chukchi
settled around it, forming the village of Vyon in 1830.
[11]
The present settlement was founded in 1889 as Novo?Mariinsk
[2]
by L. F. Grinevetsky, who sailed into the Anadyrsky Liman on July 9, 1889.
[11]
The town's first building was completed twelve days later and as it was the name-day of Tsaritsa
Maria Feodorovna
the town was named Mariinsk. Since this was not the first time that a town had been named Mariinsk in Russia, the name was swiftly changed to Novo?Mariinsk.
[11]
Early 20th century
[
edit
]
The
Kamchatka
Revkom
sent the first
Bolsheviks
?Mikhail Mandrikov and Avgust Berzin?to Anadyr to set up an underground organization to undermine and eventually overthrow the resident
White Army
forces stationed in the town.
[13]
These two, along with a small group of other Russian immigrants and a handful of
Chuvans
, established the First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka.
[13]
Their presence initially went undetected, although it did arouse suspicion. However, just before they were about to be discovered by the resident White Army troops, they launched an attack against them on the night of December 16, 1919.
[13]
They intended to free the local indigenous people from their debts to the Russian incomers and dismantle the capitalist infrastructure that had been established in the town.
[13]
Their attempts at seizing the property of the merchant class in Anadyr were successful, but they were unable to seize control of the armory and ammunition supplies within the town.
[13]
The merchants used this opportunity to reassert themselves, and by January 30, 1920, they surrounded the Revkom's offices and attacked. One of the leaders, Vasily Titov, was killed and a number of others were wounded. Mikhail Mandrikov himself surrendered.
[13]
Although the survivors were initially imprisoned, the merchants decided to eliminate them permanently. Under the pretense of transferring them to another site, they led them out of the town and executed them out on the tundra.
[13]
The merchants' and White Army's success had been aided by the fact that a number of the Revkom members had been out the town visiting the village of
Markovo
. When these people returned, they were ambushed and all survivors eventually killed.
[14]
The merchants set about reestablishing the status quo, all the while pretending to the Kamchatka Revkom that they themselves were socialists when inquiries came as to the whereabouts of their colleagues, going as far as to set up a fake Anadyr branch of the Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
[13]
Unfortunately for the merchants in Anadyr, members of the first Revkom had already managed to establish branches in Markovo and
Ust-Belaya
, who were not convinced by the claims coming from Anadyr and, whilst establishing the Second Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka in Markovo
[15]
pressed the Kamchatka Revkom for assistance.
[13]
The Kamchatka Revkom responded by sending a party to investigate.
[13]
A number of those involved in the overthrow of the First Revolutionary Committee either ceased their political activity in the hope of blending into the background, or fled Chukotka for
Alaska
.
[16]
However, some merchants proclaimed an Independent Free State of Chukotka which existed for six months before the
Bolsheviks
returned and began to reorganize urban life.
[11]
Struggles continued for some time in the Russian Far East, and it took until early 1923 before communications were sent from Kamchatka by Red Army commanders indicating that all White Army forces in Chukotka had been eliminated.
[17]
Monuments to those members of the First Revolutionary Committee were erected in Anadyr on 5 July 1921.
[18]
It was only in 1969 that an elderly man said he remembered where the bodies had been buried, having seen them being interred in a cemetery in
Tavayvaam
.
[13]
Following this tip, the remains were recovered and then paraded solemnly through Anadyr to the monuments, where they were buried with full honors.
[19]
In 1923, Novo?Mariinsk was renamed Anadyr.
[2]
WWII and the Cold War
[
edit
]
During
World War II
, an airfield was built here for the Alaska-Siberian (
ALSIB
) air route used to ferry American
Lend-Lease
aircraft to the
Eastern Front
.
[20]
During the 1960s, Anadyr was home to an
R-12 Dvina
(SS-4 Sandal) medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) complex, which could target American military installations in Alaska.
[21]
The base was located 23 km (14 miles) northeast of Anadyr and was the USSR's only remote missile site.
[21]
Anadyr was granted town status in 1965,
[2]
around which time it had a population of 5,600.
[22]
The
Hope Sled Dog Race
was run between Anadyr and
Nome, Alaska
for more than a decade.
[
citation needed
]
Modern history
[
edit
]
It is claimed that the town of Anadyr annexed the neighboring "ethnic village" of
Tavayvaam
in May 1994, and that this was done by then governor Alexander Nazarov with a view to saving money from the autonomous okrug's budget. If the village had indeed been absorbed into the town of Anadyr then there would have been no obligation for the autonomous okrug to allocate specific funds for the indigenous population there.
[23]
In 2011,
Paul Steinhardt
led a group of scientists that landed in Anadyr en route to an expedition into the Koryak Mountains to search for naturally occurring
quasicrystals
.
[24]
Three quasicrystals have been found to date from the material gathered on that expedition, including icosahedrite, decagonite, a yet unnamed third natural quasicrystal, which (unlike icosahedrite and decagonite) is unlike anything ever previously synthesized in a laboratory. Steinhardt's team established that the natural quasicrystals were embedded in a meteorite that had hit Earth about 15,000 years ago.
Geography and climate
[
edit
]
The town of Anadyr is situated at the tip of a large cape, to the north of which is the mouth of the
Anadyr River
and to the east the estuarine part of that river, the
Anadyrsky Liman
, which empties into the
Gulf of Anadyr
.
[25]
The town itself is situated on a gentle slope rising up from the sea, on the other side of the Anadyr River are mountains, but to the west, beyond the town are large expanses of flat tundra.
[25]
It is on a similar parallel as
Fairbanks, Alaska
;
Skelleftea, Sweden
; and
Oulu, Finland
. Apart from those cities, the population at such northerly parallels is normally sparse.
Anadyr experiences a
subarctic climate
(
Koppen climate classification
:
Dfc
). Winters are long and frigid; summers are pleasant and short. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of ?22.1 °C (?7.8 °F). July is the warmest month with an average temperature of 12.1 °C (53.8 °F). Temperatures above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. The lowest temperature ever recorded was ?46.8 °C (?52.2 °F) recorded on January 3, 1913. The highest temperature recorded was 30 °C (86 °F) on July 7, 1956. The weather changes easily with heavy storms often being brought in from the
Anadyrsky Liman
and the
Bering Sea
. This coupled with strong southerly winds in the autumn often brings flooding to the area. May is the driest month while January is the wettest.
Climate data for Anadyr (
Shakhtyorsky
)
weather station
(
WMO
identifier: 25563), 64m
amsl
, 1991?2020, extremes 1889?present
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
5.8
(42.4)
|
2.7
(36.9)
|
3.0
(37.4)
|
7.1
(44.8)
|
19.3
(66.7)
|
26.5
(79.7)
|
30.0
(86.0)
|
26.6
(79.9)
|
19.8
(67.6)
|
15.6
(60.1)
|
4.6
(40.3)
|
4.3
(39.7)
|
30.0
(86.0)
|
Mean maximum °C (°F)
|
?2.8
(27.0)
|
?3.7
(25.3)
|
?2.2
(28.0)
|
0.6
(33.1)
|
9.7
(49.5)
|
21.2
(70.2)
|
23.7
(74.7)
|
21.1
(70.0)
|
14.7
(58.5)
|
5.7
(42.3)
|
2.0
(35.6)
|
?1.1
(30.0)
|
24.7
(76.5)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
?18.5
(?1.3)
|
?17.4
(0.7)
|
?14.6
(5.7)
|
?8.2
(17.2)
|
2.0
(35.6)
|
11.6
(52.9)
|
16.1
(61.0)
|
14.1
(57.4)
|
8.3
(46.9)
|
?1.1
(30.0)
|
?8.3
(17.1)
|
?15.8
(3.6)
|
?2.6
(27.3)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?22.1
(?7.8)
|
?21.1
(?6.0)
|
?18.4
(?1.1)
|
?12.0
(10.4)
|
?1.2
(29.8)
|
7.2
(45.0)
|
12.1
(53.8)
|
10.5
(50.9)
|
5.3
(41.5)
|
?3.6
(25.5)
|
?11.5
(11.3)
|
?19.2
(?2.6)
|
?6.2
(20.8)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
?25.7
(?14.3)
|
?24.7
(?12.5)
|
?21.8
(?7.2)
|
?15.6
(3.9)
|
?3.9
(25.0)
|
4.0
(39.2)
|
9.0
(48.2)
|
7.7
(45.9)
|
2.7
(36.9)
|
?5.9
(21.4)
|
?14.6
(5.7)
|
?22.6
(?8.7)
|
?9.3
(15.3)
|
Mean minimum °C (°F)
|
?37.7
(?35.9)
|
?36.8
(?34.2)
|
?33.2
(?27.8)
|
?27.0
(?16.6)
|
?13.9
(7.0)
|
?1.8
(28.8)
|
4.4
(39.9)
|
2.0
(35.6)
|
?3.7
(25.3)
|
?16.6
(2.1)
|
?26.4
(?15.5)
|
?35.2
(?31.4)
|
?39.6
(?39.3)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?46.8
(?52.2)
|
?44.7
(?48.5)
|
?42.1
(?43.8)
|
?39.6
(?39.3)
|
?28.2
(?18.8)
|
?7.6
(18.3)
|
?1.2
(29.8)
|
?4.3
(24.3)
|
?11.8
(10.8)
|
?28.2
(?18.8)
|
?38.8
(?37.8)
|
?45.2
(?49.4)
|
?46.8
(?52.2)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
40
(1.6)
|
44
(1.7)
|
38
(1.5)
|
23
(0.9)
|
13
(0.5)
|
16
(0.6)
|
36
(1.4)
|
45
(1.8)
|
32
(1.3)
|
29
(1.1)
|
36
(1.4)
|
33
(1.3)
|
385
(15.2)
|
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
|
16
(6.3)
|
17
(6.7)
|
19
(7.5)
|
19
(7.5)
|
8
(3.1)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
3
(1.2)
|
6
(2.4)
|
11
(4.3)
|
19
(7.5)
|
Average rainy days
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
1
|
9
|
15
|
17
|
19
|
17
|
6
|
2
|
1
|
88
|
Average snowy days
|
18
|
18
|
15
|
17
|
16
|
2
|
0.1
|
0.3
|
5
|
19
|
19
|
18
|
147
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
82
|
81
|
81
|
82
|
84
|
78
|
79
|
81
|
80
|
84
|
84
|
82
|
82
|
Average
dew point
°C (°F)
|
?25
(?13)
|
?24
(?11)
|
?22
(?8)
|
?14
(7)
|
?3
(27)
|
3
(37)
|
8
(46)
|
7
(45)
|
2
(36)
|
?6
(21)
|
?15
(5)
|
?22
(?8)
|
?9
(15)
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
29
|
101
|
197
|
249
|
245
|
279
|
257
|
186
|
138
|
105
|
47
|
15
|
1,848
|
Source 1: Погода и климат
[26]
|
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961?1990)
[27]
Source 3:
Time and Date
(dewpoints, between 1985?2015)
[28]
Infoclimat
[29]
|
Administrative and municipal status
[
edit
]
Anadyr is the
administrative center
of
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
and, within the
framework of administrative divisions
, it also serves as the administrative center of
Anadyrsky District
,
[1]
even though it is not a part of it.
[30]
As an administrative division, it is, together with the
selo
Tavayvaam
, incorporated separately as the
town of okrug significance
of Anadyr
?an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
.
[1]
As a
municipal division
, the town of okrug significance of Anadyr is incorporated as
Anadyr Urban Okrug
.
[7]
Population
[
edit
]
Transportation
[
edit
]
Anadyr is an important sea port on the
Bering Sea
and is connected to almost all major
Russian Far Eastern
seaports. Anadyr's
Ugolny Airport
serves major and minor cities in the
Russian Far East
with connections to
Khabarovsk
,
Vladivostok
, and
Moscow
, while
Bering Air
provides charter flights to
Nome, Alaska
in the
United States
. The airport is on the other side of the
Anadyrsky Liman
, and from January to May, transportation from the airport to Anadyr is by
ice road
.
[11]
In the summer there is a ferry which transports passengers across the Anadyr River to the airport,
[40]
but during spring and autumn when the river ice is melting and full of drifting ice floes, the only means of transportation to the airport is via helicopter.
[40]
Although there is a network of roads between Anadyr and
Tavayvaam
, the town is not connected to any other settlement via road.
[41]
Construction of the
Anadyr Highway
was started in 2012, to link the town to
Magadan
, a distance of 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi).
[42]
Notable people
[
edit
]
Twin towns
[
edit
]
Anadyr is
twinned
with:
References
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Law #33-OZ
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Энциклопедия Города России
. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 20.
ISBN
5-7107-7399-9
.
- ^
a
b
Charter of Anadyr, Article 24
- ^
Official website of Anadyr Urban Okrug.
Mayor's Autobiography
Archived
February 3, 2014, at the
Wayback Machine
(in Russian)
- ^
Russian Federal State Statistics Service
. "
Регионы России. Основные социально-экономические показатели городов. 2012
". Дальневосточный федеральный округ. Города Чукотского автономного округа.
- ^
Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See
the documentation
for details.
- ^
a
b
c
Law #40-OZ
- ^
Law #148-OZ
- ^
"Об исчислении времени"
.
Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
(in Russian). June 3, 2011
. Retrieved
January 19,
2019
.
- ^
Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (
Russian Post
).
Поиск объектов почтовой связи
(
Postal Objects Search
)
(in Russian)
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Petit Fute,
Chukotka
, pp. 77ff
- ^
a
b
Armstrong, p. 53
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
Gray, pp. 88?90
- ^
Zhikarev, pp. 60?61
- ^
Zhikarev, p. 63
- ^
Dikov, p. 148
- ^
Dikov, p. 156
- ^
Dikov, p.151-152
- ^
Krusdanov, p. 111
- ^
Lebedev, Igor
Aviation Lend-Lease to Russia
Nova Publishers (1997) pp.44?49
- ^
a
b
Evaluations of Soviet Surface-to-Surface Missile Deployment, November 1965, Guided Missile and Astronautics Intelligence Committee, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC.
- ^
Armstrong, p. 187
- ^
Gray, p. 135
- ^
"Quasicrystal quest: The unreal rock that nature made"
.
- ^
a
b
Gray, p. 122
- ^
"Weather and Climate- The Climate of Anadyr"
(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
. Retrieved
November 8,
2021
.
- ^
"Anadyr Climate Normals 1961?1990"
.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
. Retrieved
November 7,
2021
.
- ^
"Climate & Weather Averages at Anadyr (Shakhtyorsky) weather station"
. Time and Date
. Retrieved
February 7,
2022
.
- ^
"Climatologie de l'annee a Anadyr"
(in French). Infoclimat
. Retrieved
October 1,
2023
.
- ^
Directive #517-rp
- ^
Список населённых мест Дальневосточного края. По материалам Всесоюзной переписи населения 17 декабря 1926 года и Приполярной переписи 1926?27 года. ? Хабаровск; Благовещенск, 1929.
- ^
РГАЭ, ф. 1562, оп. 336, д. 1470, л. 20.
- ^
Перепись населения СССР 1959 года
Archived
July 19, 2011, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Перепись населения СССР 1970 года
Archived
March 23, 2012, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Перепись населения СССР 1979 года
Archived
March 23, 2012, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров
[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
(in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via
Demoscope Weekly
.
- ^
Federal State Statistics Service
(May 21, 2004).
Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов ? районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек
[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities?Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000]
(XLS)
.
Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]
(in Russian).
- ^
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]
(in Russian).
Federal State Statistics Service
.
- ^
Russian Federal State Statistics Service.
Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1
[2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]
(XLS)
(in Russian).
Federal State Statistics Service
.
- ^
a
b
Gray, p. 126
- ^
Gray, p. 118
- ^
Project to build road from Kolyma to Anadyr drawn up
- ^
"The official joining of the city of Bethel with Anadyr, U.S.S.R. as sister cities"
(PDF)
. August 12, 2011. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on August 12, 2011
. Retrieved
April 18,
2018
.
Sources
[
edit
]
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №33-ОЗ от 30 июня 1998 г. ≪Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа≫, в ред. Закона №55-ОЗ от 9 июня 2012 г. ≪О внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа"≫. Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня его официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №7 (28), 14 мая 1999 г.
(Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998
On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012
On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug"
. Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).
- Правительство Чукотского автономного округа. Распоряжение №517-рп от 30 декабря 2008 г. ≪Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных образований Чукотского автономного округа≫, в ред. Распоряжения №323-рп от 27 июня 2011 г. ≪О внесении изменений в Распоряжение Правительства Чукотского автономного округа от 30 декабря 2008 года №517-рп≫. Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс".
(Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Directive #517-rp of December 30, 2008
On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Formations of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
, as amended by the Directive #323-rp of June 27, 2011
On Amending the Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Directive No. 517-rp of December 30, 2008
. ).
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №40-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2004 г. ≪О статусе и границах муниципального образования город Анадырь Чукотского автономного округа≫. Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №31/1 (178/1), 10 декабря 2004 г.
(Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #40-OZ of November 29, 2004
On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Anadyr of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date.).
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №148-ОЗ от 24 ноября 2008 г. ≪О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Анадырского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа≫, в ред. Закона №24-ОЗ от 1 апреля 2011 г. ≪О внесении изменений в Приложение 2 к Закону Чукотского автономного округа "О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Анадырского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа"≫. Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №46/1 (373/1), 28 ноября 2008 г.
(Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #148-OZ of November 24, 2008
On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Anadyrsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
, as amended by the Law #24-OZ of April 1, 2011
On Amending Appendix 2 of the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Anadyrsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug"
. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication date.).
- Совет депутатов городского округа Анадырь. Решение №175 от 8 декабря 2010 г. ≪Об утверждении новой редакции устава городского округа Анадырь≫, в ред. Решения №360 от 30 мая 2013 г. ≪О внесении изменений в Устав городского округа Анадырь≫. Вступил в силу после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №51(481), 31 декабря 2010 г.
(Council of Deputies of the Urban Okrug of Anadyr. Decision #175 of December 8, 2010
On the Adoption of the New Edition of the Charter of the Urban Okrug of Anadyr
, as amended by the Decision #360 of May 30, 2013
On Amending the Charter of the Urban Okrug of Anadyr
. Effective as of after the official publication.).
- T. Armstrong.
Russian Settlement in the North
(1965) Cambridge University Press.
- Н. Н. Диков (N. N. Dikov). "История Чукотки с древнейших времен до наших дней" (
The History of Chukotka from Ancient Times to the Present Day
) (1989) Moscow
- P. A. Gray.
The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous People: Post-Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North
(2005) Cambridge University Press
- Н. А. Жикарев (N. A. Zhikarev). "Очерки Истории Северо-Восточной РСФСР" (
Sketches of the history of Northeast RSFSR
) (1961) Magadan
- А. И. Крусданов (A. I. Krusdanov). "Советы на северо-востоке СССР (1962?1982): Сборник документов и материалов, часть 3" (
The Soviets of the Northeast USSR (1962?1982): Collection of Documents and Materials, Part 3
) (1986) Magadan
External links
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for
Anadyr
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