City in Thuringia, Germany
City in Thuringia, Germany
Altenburg
(
listen
ⓘ
) is a city in
Thuringia
,
Germany
, located 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of
Leipzig
, 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of
Dresden
and 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of
Erfurt
. It is the capital of the
Altenburger Land
district and part of a polycentric old-industrial textile and metal production region between
Gera
,
Zwickau
and
Chemnitz
with more than 1 million inhabitants, while the city itself has a population of 33,000. Today, the city and its rural
county
is part of the
Central German Metropolitan Region
.
Altenburg was first mentioned in 976 and later became one of the first German cities within former Slavic area, east of the
Saale
river (as part of the medieval
Ostsiedlung
movement). The emperor
Frederick Barbarossa
visited Altenburg several times between 1165 and 1188, hence the town is named a
Barbarossa town
today. Since the 17th century, Altenburg was the residence of different
Ernestine
duchies, of whom the
Saxe-Altenburg
persisted until the end of monarchy in Germany in 1918. Industrialization reached Altenburg and the region quite early in the first half of the 19th century and flourished until the
Great Depression
around 1930. Economic malaise set in while Altenburg was in
East Germany
and continued after German reunification in 1990, evidenced by a decline in population, high unemployment and house vacancy rates.
The main sights of Altenburg are the castle, the
Lindenau-Museum
, the historic city center (most buildings are from early-modern origin) and the
Grunderzeit
architecture around the center. The popular German card game
Skat
was developed in Altenburg during the 1810s and the founder of the famous
Brockhaus Enzyklopadie
,
Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus
, lived and worked in Altenburg between 1810 and 1817.
Altenburg lies in the flat and fertile landscape of
Osterland
on the
Pleiße
river in the very east of Thuringia, next to the neighboring federal state of
Saxony
.
History
[
edit
]
Middle Ages
[
edit
]
The town (
civitas Altenburg
) was first mentioned in a deed to the
Bishop of Zeitz
in 976. Remains of a
Slavic
castle on the Schloßberg ("Castle Hill") demonstrate that the town was probably a Slavic foundation, the capital of the shire of Plisni, taken over during the conquest of
Meissen
by
Henry I
. As shown by placenames, the surrounding area (
Osterland
) was mainly settled by
Slavs
.
The town's location on the
imperial road
'
Via Imperii
' between
Halle
and
Cheb
in
Bohemia
gave Altenburg economic importance in the salt trade.
The first castle, located under the present day church St. Bartholomai, was destroyed after the
Battle of Hohenmolsen
between
Henry IV
and
Rudolph of Swabia
. It was rebuilt on the Schloßberg outside of the town. The 11th century
Mantelturm
tower is still preserved. The castle later became an imperial
palatinate
and played an important part in the German takeover and settlement of the area between the
Harz
-mountains and the
Elbe
.
In the middle of the 12th century, the
Hohenstaufen
emperors patronized Altenburg as one of their
Kaiserpfalzes
, allowing the town to become a market and a mint. Together with the Royal forests Leina, Pahna, Kammerforst and Luckauer Forst, lands of the
Groitzsch
family bought by
Frederick Barbarossa
, Altenburg,
Colditz
,
Zwickau
and
Chemnitz
were turned into the
Terra Plisnensis
. Altenburg and Chemnitz as Imperial towns were intended to reduce the importance of Leipzig held by the Margrave of Meissen. Under Frederick Barbarossa much building took place, especially in the market area, and the town grew rapidly. A
priory
of
canons regular
was founded and the
parish church
was finished in 1172. The twin towers of the 12th century Augustinian monastery (
Rote Spitzen
) are still preserved. A town wall with 5 gates was constructed at the end of the 12th century. Altenburg got its charter around 1200, in 1256 the Wettins confirmed it again. The law structure was transposed from
Goslar
municipal law.
During the
Interregnum
, the Terra Plisnensis was impounded, but bought back by
Rudolph I of Germany
, who desired the crown of Thuringia. Together with Zwickau and Chemnitz, Altenburg was part of the anti-Meissen Pleiße-city Union of 1290. After the
Battle of Lucka
in 1307 against
Frederick the Brave
of Meissen and his brother Diezmann, King
Albert I
lost Altenburg and the Pleiße-lands to the
Wettin
margraves of Meissen, who held the city until 1918.
In 1455, Altenburg saw the division (
Altenburger Teilung
) of the Meissen lands between Elector
Frederick II
(the Gentle) and Duke William that led, after a failed attempt at reconciliation (
Hallescher Machtspruch
) to a war (1446?1451) between the two brothers (
Bruderkrieg
).
In the
second division
of the
Wettin
lands between
Ernest
and
Albert
at Leipzig in 1485, Altenburg fell to Ernest, together with the Electorate (
Kurland
),
Grimma
, the Mutschener Pflege,
Leisnig
, Thuringia and the
Vogtland
. From this time on, Altenburg was historically connected with Thuringia and its dynasty, the Ernestine Wettins.
Early modern period
[
edit
]
The
Reformation
was introduced in Altenburg quite early, in 1522, by
George Spalatin
, Wenzeslaus Linck and
Gabriel Zwilling
. During the
German Peasants' War
of 1525, the Altenburg Augustinian monastery was attacked. In the summer, four peasant rebels were executed at the marketplace. After the
Schmalkaldic War
brought defeat for the Ernestines, Altenburg belonged to the Albertines for short time (1547?1554) before coming back to the Ernestines after the Naumburg Treaty.
From 1603 to 1672, Altenburg was the residence of an Ernestine line, after that, it fell to
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
. The
Thirty Years' War
brought heavy damage to the city and more than half of the population died.
From 1705 onwards, the Magdalenenstift was a Protestant boarding school for young noble ladies.
[3]
During the
Napoleonic wars
it was a scene of a brief Allied
raid
by the Saxon General
Johann von Thielmann
.
Since 1815
[
edit
]
When the Ernestine lands were re-divided in 1826, Altenburg became the capital of
Saxe-Altenburg
, successor state to the dissolved
Saxe-Hildburghausen
. Around 1830, the city walls and gates were knocked down and the old suburbia in front of the former wall were incorporated. Industrialization began around this time and the economy and population both saw rapid growth, strengthened by the connection to the railway in 1842 (as Thuringia's first connected city). The
Revolution of 1848
led to the abdication of the conservative duke
Joseph
, who was replaced by his more liberal brother
George
. The last duke abdicated during the
Revolution of 1918
on 13 November 1918 after being promised 12 million Marks and the ownership of numerous castles. The free-state of Saxe-Altenburg was merged with Thuringia in 1920.
Altenburg was a working-class city during the
Weimar Republic
, ruled by
SPD
and
KPD
, which led to heavy conflicts between left- and right-wing forces after 1933. The Jewish community was destroyed during the
Kristallnacht
in 1938, many Jews emigrated or were killed in the concentration camps. Furthermore, communists and invalids from Altenburg were murdered. During
World War II
, several subcamps of the
Buchenwald concentration camp
were located here. They provided 13,000
forced labourers
for
HASAG
, the third largest German company to use concentration camp labour.
[4]
The US Army reached Altenburg on 15 April 1945 and was replaced by the Soviet Army on 1 July 1945.
In 1952, Thuringia was dissolved and replaced by
administrative divisions of East Germany (Bezirks)
. Altenburg became part of the
Leipzig administrative district
, in which it was the second largest city. After reunification, previously extant states were re-established in the former east Germany as federal states in the reunified Germany. Although a majority of 54% in the district voted for
Saxony
in a plebiscite, the district council decided to join Thuringia together with the
Schmolln
district, partly because a vast majority of 80% in the neighboring Schmolln district had voted for Thuringia. These districts had formed the eastern part of Saxe-Altenburg until 1920 and were reunified as the modern-day
Altenburger Land
district in 1994.
Geography and demographics
[
edit
]
Topography
[
edit
]
Altenburg is located on the southern edge of the
Leipzig Bay
, a flat and fertile area, with intensive agricultural use and
lignite
surface mining 10 km (6 mi) north of the town. The nearest mountains are the
Ore Mountains
approximately 50 km (31 mi) to the south-east. The
Pleiße
valley runs east of the city, whereas the center itself is located at
Blaue Flut
(blue flood) river, a small tributary of Pleiße river. The Blaue Flut feeds the
Großer Teich
(big pond), an inner-city pond with an island in the middle, on which the Altenburg zoo is located. There is relatively little forest within the town's municipal territory: the small
Stadtwald
(town wood) and
Herzog-Ernst-Wald
(Duke Ernest wood) south of the center and the
Fasanerieholz
(Pheasantry wood) at Ehrenberg district. The elevation of the city center is 200 m, to the north it declines down to 162 m and in the south next to Mockzig district it rises up to 261 m.
Administrative division
[
edit
]
Altenburg is bounded by
Windischleuba
,
Nobitz
,
Altkirchen
,
Gohren
,
Lodla
,
Rositz
,
Meuselwitz
,
Treben
and
Gerstenberg
.
Because of the quite densely settlement of the region, many small villages and ancient former suburbs are situated within the municipal territory, which is officially divided into 4 districts:
- Altenburg (including the villages Drescha, Kauerndorf, Poschwitz, Rasephas, Steinwitz and Zschernitzsch)
- Ehrenberg, incorporated in 1993 (with Greipzig, Lehnitzsch, Mockzig, Modelwitz, Paditz, Stunzhain, Zschaiga and Zschechwitz)
- Kosma, incorporated in 1996 (with Altendorf and Kurbitz)
- Zetzscha, incorporated in 1994 (with Knau, Oberzetzscha, Rautenberg and Unterzetzscha)
For a detailed view of Altenburg's administrative division, see the
list in German Wikipedia
.
Demographics
[
edit
]
Altenburg has been a relatively big town (compared to others in the wider region) down the centuries, because of its importance as a
Kaiserpfalz
and later as a ducal residence. During the Middle Ages, it had a population of 3,000 to 4,000 inhabitants, rising to 6,000 around 1700, 10,000 around 1800 and 20,000 around 1870, making it Thuringia's second-largest city after
Erfurt
for a short time in the mid-19th century. The population grew further to 40,000 in 1910, 44,000 in 1940 and peaked at about 56,000 around 1980 before starting to decline. In 1988, before reunification, Altenburg had 53,000 inhabitants, shrinking to 41,000 by 2000 and 33,000 in 2012. With a decline of nearly 40% since 1988, Altenburg is among the most rapidly declining urban areas in Germany.
The average decrease of population between 2009 and 2012 was approximately 1.27% p.a., whereas the population in bordering rural regions is shrinking with accelerating tendency. Suburbanization played only a small role in Altenburg. It occurred after the reunification for a short time in the 1990s, but most of the suburban areas were situated within the administrative city borders, others are
Windischleuba
and
Nobitz
. During the 1990s and the 2000s, many inhabitants left Altenburg to search a better life in western Germany or other major east German cities like
Leipzig
,
Dresden
or
Jena
. The birth deficit, caused by the high average age of the population, is becoming a bigger problem because there is no immigration to compensate it. Despite urban planning activities to tear down unused flats, vacancy is still a problem with rates around 16% (according to 2011 EU census), which is the largest amount among Thuringia's major towns. A positive side effect for the inhabitants is that Altenburg has one of the lowest rent levels in Germany.
The birth deficit was 282 in 2012, this is -8.5 per 1,000 inhabitants (Thuringian average: -4.5; national average: -2.4). The net migration rate was -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2012 (Thuringian average: -0.8; national average: +4.6).
[5]
The most important target regions of Altenburg migrants are the large cities around like Leipzig, Dresden, Halle, Jena and Erfurt, as well as the western German conurbations.
Like most other small to middling eastern German towns, Altenburg has only a small amount of foreign population: circa 1.7% are non-Germans by citizenship and overall 1.6% are migrants (according to
2011 EU census
). Differing from the national average, the biggest groups of migrants in Altenburg are
Russians
and
Vietnamese people
. During recent years, the economic situation of the city has improved a bit: the unemployment rate in the district declined from 24% in 2005 to 10% in 2013 with little bit higher rates in the city than in the other municipalities of the Altenburger Land district. Nevertheless, this is still one of the highest rates in Thuringia.
Partly due to official atheism in former
GDR
, most of the population is non-religious. 12.1% are members of the
Evangelical Church in Central Germany
and 2.5% are Catholics (according to 2011 EU census).
1831 ? 1950
|
1951 ? 2000
|
2001 ? 2017
|
- 1831 ? 12,629
- 1880 ? 26,241
- 1885 ? 29,110
- 1890 ? 31,439
- 1900 ? 37,110
- 1925 ? 42,570
- 1933 ? 43,736
- 1939 ? 45,851
- 1946 ? 51,805
[* 1]
- 1950 ? 49,413
[* 2]
|
- 1955 ? 48.281
- 1960 ? 46,791
- 1981 ? 55,827
- 1984 ? 54,755
- 1994 ? 46,291
- 1995 ? 45,472
- 1996 ? 44,854
- 1997 ? 44,060
- 1998 ? 43,032
- 1999 ? 42,005
- 2000 ? 41,290
|
- 2001 ? 40,559
- 2002 ? 39,810
- 2003 ? 39,189
- 2004 ? 38,417
- 2013 ? 32,992
- 2014 ? 32,819
- 2015 ? 32,910
- 2016 ? 32,788
- 2017 ? 32,374
|
- Source (since 1994): Thuringer Landesamt fur Statistik
Culture, sights and cityscape
[
edit
]
Culture
[
edit
]
Altenburg is nicknamed
playing cards town
. The game of
skat
is said to have originated here, based on the Bavarian
tarock
. Because of the influence Emperor
Frederick Barbarossa
had on the town, it is nicknamed a "
Barbarossa town
".
Museums
[
edit
]
There are some museums in Altenburg:
- The
Schloss- und Spielkartenmuseum
(castle and playing card museum) inside the castle hosts an exhibition about Altenburg as a ducal residence, and a historical playing cards collection.
- The
Lindenau-Museum
(established in 1876) shows
Bernhard von Lindenau
's art collection including
Italian
paintings of the 13th?15th centuries, a collection of classical antiquities and cast and modern art.
- The
Mauritianum
(opened in 1908) is Altenburg's museum of natural history with the largest well-known mummified
rat king
, which was found in 1828 in a miller's fireplace at Buchheim.
- The
Brauereimuseum
inside the Altenburger brewery shows an exhibition about beer and its history with a local focus.
Old town
[
edit
]
The town center of Altenburg within the former wall has a planned grid of 12th/13th century origin, whereas the two old settlement cores were located around
Bruhl
in the north-east and around St. Nicholas' Church in the south-west. The area around the castle and southward on the eastern bank of Blaue Flut river has also been urban since the Middle Ages, nevertheless, it was located outside the city walls.
During the 19th and early 20th century, Altenburg saw a construction boom and the town enlarged to all directions, particularly north and east towards the new railway station (opened in 1878). Its time as a state capital until 1918 led to many interesting public and private buildings in
Grunderzeit
style, same as in other historist styles. Later, the town lost some of its importance and became a simple district capital in Thuringia. World War II left Altenburg unscathed, so all historic buildings are preserved. Nevertheless, the buildings' maintenance was neglected during the
East German
period, instead, some big
Plattenbau
settlements were set up on the northern and south-eastern periphery of Altenburg.
After reunification, most of the main sights and historic buildings were refurbished. On the other hand, the city lost much of its population which led to a very high vacancy rate, especially in the old inner-city buildings, which today endangers the historic city structure because of many vacant old private houses.
Sights and architectural heritage
[
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]
Churches
[
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]
- St. Bartholomew's Church, built between 1428 and 1443 in Gothic style at Burgstraße, is Altenburg's main evangelical parish church.
- The Fraternity Church at Marktplatz is another evangelical parish church, founded as a
Franciscans
monastery during the 12th century. It was abandoned after the Reformation in 1529 and reused as evangelical church. Today's building was established in 1905 in Neo-Gothic style.
- St. Nicholas' Church at Nikolaikirchhof was the first church of Altenburg, mentioned in 1140. It was demolished during the 16th century, only the steeple remains.
- St. George's Chapel is the castle's church, built in picturesque Gothic style during the mid-15th century.
- St. Mary's Monastery (
Augustinians
) is a former monastery on a hill east of the center. It was founded during the 12th century and abandoned in 1543. Only the two Romanesque towers and some walls remain, being the city's landmark called "Rote Spitzen" (red spires).
- The Duchess Agnes Memorial Church at Hausweg is an evangelical church, built between 1903 and 1906 in historist style.
- The Cemetery Church at Hospitalplatz was built between 1639 and 1651 in Renaissance style.
Ducal buildings
[
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]
- Altenburg Castle is the big ducal residence on a hill above the city center. It was in use first as fortification and later as residence since the 9th century until the end of monarchy in Germany in 1918. Today's castle is of 17th and 18th century origin and was built in Renaissance, later in Baroque style. The chapel is of older origin (see above). The castle is the scene of the famous
Prinzenraub
, related by
Carlyle
in his "Miscellanies".
- Further buildings within the castle complex are the
Junkerei
in the north, built in the 16th century, the
Flasche
, an old castle tower from the 11th century, the
Hausmannturm
, built in the 12th century as the castle's keep as well as the
Prinzenpalais
and the
Hofmarschallamt
in the south, built after a fire in 1868.
- Next to the castle lies the
Schlosspark
(castle park) with some more ducal buildings: the Baroque
Teehaus
(tea house) (1712), the Baroque
Orangerie
(1712) and the historist
Marstall
(1851).
- The
Amtshaus
was built between 1725 and 1728 in Baroque style at Burgstraße and is now used as district court.
- The
Kanzlei
was the seat of some ducal authorities, built in 1476 at Bruhl.
- The
Neues Ministerium
at Lindenaustraße was built in 1895 in Classicist style and is now the seat of the district government.
- The former
Landgericht
at Pauritzer Platz was built in 1859 in Neo-Renaissance style and hosts the social court now.
- The
Landesbank
(federal state bank) at Burgstraße was built in 1865 in Neo-Renaissance style. Currently, it is vacant.
- The Ducal
Mausoleum
in Altenburg Cemetery (burial site of several Dukes and Duchesses), now in ruins (those buried there removed to other parts of the cemetery in 1974).
Other sights
[
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]
- The town hall is one of the most important
Renaissance
buildings in Germany. It was built between 1562 and 1564 by the architect
Nikolaus Gromann
.
- The
Landestheater
is the theater of Altenburg, built in Neo-Baroque style in 1871.
- The city wall remained in the north behind Johannisstraße and in the south at Langengasse. Two towers are preserved at Langengasse and Kunstgasse.
- The
Palais
Seckendorff
at Bruhl is a Baroque style nobility palace, built in 1724.
- The
Wasserkunst
at Kunstgasse is an old waterwork, built in 1844 in Classicist style.
- The
Pohlhof
at Pohlhofgasse is a small Renaissance palace.
- The Freemasons' Lodge at Johannisgraben was built in 1804 in Classicist style.
-
Town hall
-
Theater
-
Tower at the city wall
-
Palais Seckendorff
-
Wasserkunst
-
Pohlhof
-
Freemasons' Lodge
Economy and infrastructure
[
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]
Agriculture, industry and services
[
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]
Agriculture plays an important role in the region, because the
Loess
soil around the city is very fertile. 69% of the municipal territory is in agricultural use, both for cultivation and cattle farming. A famous product of the region is
Altenburger Ziegenkase
, a soft cheese of goat milk with some
caraway
seed inside with protected
Geographical indication
. Another typical dish of Altenburg is
Mutzbraten
, a flame-grilled pork speciality. Altenburg is also known for its mustard, which is produced by Altenburger Senf und Feinkost. Altenburger beer also enjoys some popularity.
The industry of Altenburg was based on the production of textiles and hardware during the 19th and 20th century, but most of the companies did not survive the transition to capitalism after German reunification. Altenburg was especially known for its sewing machine production from companies like L. O. Dietrich (machines Vesta, Saxonia, Lowe, Minerva, Juno), Hermann Kohler AG (machines Kohler, Diva, Clementine, Hermann, Dora, Orion, Globus), Textima Wittenberge (Columba, Altin), Gustav Winselmann GmbH (Titan, Vera, Bera, Hera, Heraldus, Omnia, Marvel, Noris, Regia, Saxony, the Wellington).
Today, the main branches are food industries (with a factory of
Vion NV
amongst others) and engineering with car component production in focus. The
Gumpert Sportwagenmanufaktur
produced the
Gumpert Apollo
supercar between 2005 and its bankruptcy in 2013. Altenburg is also noted for produced playing cards. The Altenburger Spielkartenfabrik (playing card factory) was founded in 1831; today it is a subsidiary company of
Cartamundi
and market leader in Germany. In 2012, there were 19 companies with more than 20 workers in industrial sector, employing 1,400 people and generating an overall turnover of €451 million.
[6]
Altenburg is a regional service hub for retail, hospitals, government, culture etc. Tourism doesn't play a big role, although the city hosts many historic sights and is a local center of culture with theater and museums. In 2012, 37,000 hotel guests had 87,000 overnight stays in Altenburg.
[7]
Transport
[
edit
]
Altenburg was the first city in Thuringia with connection to the railway, established in 1842 with the
Leipzig?Hof line
. Initially,
Altenburg station
was a terminus station, which became impractical as traffic grew, so a new through station was built in 1878 in the north-east of the city. In addition to the connections to
Leipzig
(1842) and
Hof
/
Zwickau
(1844), some more lines were established to
Glauchau
(1858, via
Goßnitz
), to
Gera
(1865, via Goßnitz), to
Zeitz
(1872, abandoned in 2002) and to
Narsdorf
(1901, abandoned in 1998). Today, the Altenburg station is the only station within the municipality, after the Paditz station (on the Hof line) and the North Altenburg station (on the Zeitz line) were closed. There are some regional trains to
Leipzig
,
Zwickau
and
Erfurt
(via
Gera
and
Jena
) today.
Glauchau
can be reached by changing trains in the near
Goßnitz
station. With the rollout of the
Leipzig City Tunnel
in December 2013, the services on the Leipzig?Hof/Zwickau line were reorganized and integrated in the
S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland
with connections to Leipzig twice an hour. The connection to long-distance trains is carried out via Leipzig (north and east), Jena (south) and Erfurt (west), since the last long-distance trains on the Leipzig?Hof line ceased operating in 2006.
Altenburg is situated between two
Autobahns
: the
A4
(
Erfurt
?
Dresden
) passes approximately 20 km (12 mi) south and the
A72
(
Leipzig
?
Chemnitz
) passes approximately 20 km (12 mi) east of the city. Regional traffic is carried by the three
national roadsn
in Altenburg. The
B7
is the connection to
Gera
(and A4 in Erfurt direction) in the south-west and to
Rochlitz
in the north-east, the
B93
runs to
Borna
(and A72 in Leipzig direction) in the north and to
Zwickau
in the south and the
B180
links Altenburg with
Zeitz
in the west and
Hohenstein-Ernstthal
(and A72/A4 in Chemnitz and Dresden direction via secondary road 1357) in the south-east. An important secondary road connects Altenburg with Gera north to the B7 via
Lumpzig
. The B7 and B93 bypass the town center on a ring road to absorb the transit traffic between Leipzig and Zwickau.
The
Leipzig-Altenburg Airport
, a former
Soviet
military airport, is situated 5 km (3 mi) east of the city and was used by
Ryanair
for flights to
London Stansted
, Barcelona-
Girona
and
Edinburgh
until 2011. Currently, there are no public flights at this airport. The next regional airport is located in
Leipzig/Halle
(60 km (37 mi) to the north).
Biking is becoming more popular since the construction of long-distance cycle tracks began in the 1990s. Both the
Pleiße track
, along the
Pleiße
valley from
Werdau
near Zwickau to
Leipzig
, and the
Thuringian city track (Radweg Thuringer Stadtekette)
from
Eisenach
via
Erfurt
,
Weimar
,
Jena
and
Gera
to Altenburg, connect points of tourist interest.
Local public transport within Altenburg is based exclusively on buses. Six lines connect the outlying quarters to the inner city. Furthermore, there are some regional bus services to the villages in the district. The Altenburg Tramway was in operation from 1895 until 1920.
Education
[
edit
]
There are three
Gymnasiums
in Altenburg: two state-owned and one Christian (ecumenical).
Politics
[
edit
]
Mayor and city council
[
edit
]
The first freely elected mayor after German reunification was
Johannes Ungvari
of the
Christian Democratic Union
(CDU), who served from 1990 to 2000. He was succeeded by
Michael Wolf
of the
Social Democratic Party
(SPD), who served until 2018. Since 2018,
Andre Neumann
of the CDU has been mayor. The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 April 2018, and the results were as follows:
The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows:
Twin towns ? sister cities
[
edit
]
Altenburg is
twinned
with:
[8]
Notable people
[
edit
]
- Perry Brautigam
(born 1963), footballer
- Joachim Buchner
(1905?1983), sprinter athlete
- Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus
(1772?1823), encyclopedia publisher
- Hermann Askan Demme
(1802?1867), physician and surgeon
- Adolph Douai
(1819?1888), German-American journalist, social reformer and founder of the first
kindergartens
of the US
- Bernhard Erdmannsdorffer
(1833?1901), historian
- Walther Flemming
(1843?1905), biologist
- Frederick I
(1122?1190), Holy Roman Emperor
- Erhard Frommhold
(1928?2007), art historian and publicist
- Hans Conon von der Gabelentz
(1807?1874)
- Georg von der Gabelentz
(1840?1893), linguist and sinologist
- Johann Georg August Galletti
(1750?1828)
- Hanns Bruno Geinitz
(1814?1900), geologist and paleontologist
- Ralf Haber
(born 1962), hammer thrower
- Dieter Kalka
(born 1957), author, musician and songwriter
- Volker Kluge
(born 1944), journalist
- Johann Ludwig Krebs
(1713?1780), Baroque musician and composer
- Bernhard von Lindenau
(1780?1854), lawyer, astronomer and politician
- Sophie Mereau
(1770?1806), writer of German Romanticism
- Charles-Henri Petersen
(1792-1859), paysagist architect who designed famous parks in
Belgium
, notably
Les Orangeries de Bierbais
- Uwe Rosler
(born 1968), football player and manager
- Hermann Schlegel
(1804?1884), ornithologist, herpetologist and ichthyologist
- Ingo Schulze
(born 1962), writer
- George Spalatin
(1484?1545), humanist
- Heinrich Schmidt
,
Hauptsturmfuhrer
and camp doctor in the concentration camps
- Johann Severin Vater
, theologian and linguist
- Jurgen Thiele
, rowers, Olympic champion in 1980 in coxless four
- Kerstin Walther
, athlete, with the GDR relay won the gold medal in the 4x400-meter race at the 1983 World Championship
- Christian Friedrich Witt
, church musician and composer
See also
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]
Notes
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]
- ^
The Greens and City Forum Alternburg ran on a combined list in 2014, which won 7.7% and 3 seats.
- ^
The Greens and City Forum Alternburg ran on a combined list in 2014, which won 7.7% and 3 seats.
References
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External links
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Altenburg
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