French film director (1873?1968)
Alice Guy
|
---|
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Alice_Guy.jpg/220px-Alice_Guy.jpg) Alice Guy-Blache in 1913
|
Born
| Alice Ida Antoinette Guy
(
1873-07-01
)
1 July 1873
|
---|
Died
| 24 March 1968
(1968-03-24)
(aged 94)
|
---|
Resting place
| Maryrest Cemetery,
Mahwah, New Jersey
, U.S.
|
---|
Occupations
| - Film director
- screenwriter
- producer
|
---|
Years active
| 1894?1922
|
---|
Spouse
|
(
m.
1907;
div.
1922)
|
---|
Children
| 2
|
---|
Alice Ida Antoinette Guy-Blache
(
nee
Guy
;
French pronunciation:
[alis
gi
bl??e]
; 1 July 1873 ? 24 March 1968) was a French pioneer film director.
[2]
She was one of the first filmmakers to make a
narrative fiction film
,
[3]
as well as the first woman to direct a film. From 1896 to 1906, she was probably the only female filmmaker in the world.
[4]
She experimented with
Gaumont
's
Chronophone
sync-sound
system, and with color-tinting, interracial casting, and special effects.
[5]
She was artistic director and a co-founder of
Solax Studios
in
Flushing, New York
. In 1912, Solax invested $100,000 for a new studio in
Fort Lee, New Jersey
, the center of American filmmaking prior to the establishment of Hollywood. That year, she made the film
A Fool and His Money
, probably the first to have an all-
African-American
cast. The film is now preserved at the
National Center for Film and Video Preservation
at the
American Film Institute
for its historical and aesthetic significance.
[6]
Early life and education
[
edit
]
In 1865,
[7]
Guy's father, Emile Guy, an owner of a bookstore and publishing company in
Santiago
, Chile and
Valparaiso
, Chile, married Marie Clotilde Franceline Aubert. The couple returned to Santiago after the wedding in Paris. In early 1873, Marie and Emile lived in Santiago, with Alice's four siblings.
[
citation needed
]
There was a devastating
smallpox
epidemic in Chile in 1872 and 1873.
[8]
Emile and Marie Guy brought all four of their children to Paris, where Alice was born. In her autobiography, Alice refers to this as her mother's attempt to make sure "her fifth child should be truly French".
Her father returned to Chile soon after her birth, and her mother followed a few months later. Alice was left in the care of her grandmother in
Carouge, Switzerland
.
[a]
At the age of three or four, Alice's mother returned from Chile and took Alice back to South America.
At the age of six, Guy was taken back to France by her father to attend the
Faithful Companions of Jesus
[b]
school in
Veyrier-sous-Saleve
.
[11]
[c]
Guy and her sister Louise were moved to a
convent
in Ferney a few years later and then brought back to Paris.
[
citation needed
]
Guy's father died on 5 January 1891 of unknown causes.
[13]
Following his death, Guy's mother got a job with Mutualite maternelle which was founded on 20 May 1891.
[14]
Her mother was unable to keep that job and thereafter Guy trained as a typist and
stenographer
, a new field at the time, to support herself and her mother. She landed her first stenography-typist job at a
varnish
factory. In March 1894, she began working at the 'Comptoir general de la photographie' owned by Felix-Max Richard.
Leon Gaumont
later took over and headed the company.
[15]
[16]
Career
[
edit
]
Secretary to Leon Gaumont
[
edit
]
In 1894, Alice Guy was hired by Felix-Max Richard to work as a secretary for a camera manufacturing and photography supply company. The company changed hands in 1895 due to a court decision against Felix-Max Richard, who sold the company to four men:
Gustave Eiffel
,
Joseph Vallot
, Alfred Besnier, and
Leon Gaumont
. Gustave Eiffel was president of the company, and Leon Gaumont, thirty years Eiffel's junior, was the manager. The company was named after Gaumont because Eiffel was the subject of a
national scandal regarding the Panama Canal
.
[17]
L. Gaumont et C
ie
became a major force in the fledgling
motion-picture industry in France
. Alice continued to work at Gaumont et C
ie
, a decision that led to a pioneering career in filmmaking that spanned more than 25 years and involved her directing, producing, writing and/or overseeing more than 700 films.
[18]
Although she initially began working for Leon Gaumont as his secretary, Guy became familiar with his clients, relevant marketing strategies, and the company's stock of cameras. She also met a handful of pioneering film engineers such as
Georges Demeny
and
Auguste and Louis Lumiere
.
[19]
Alice Guy and Gaumont attended the "surprise"
[20]
Lumiere
event on March 22, 1895. It was the first demonstration of film projection, an obstacle that Gaumont, the Lumieres, and
Edison
were all racing to solve. They screened one of their early films
Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory
, which consisted of a simple scene of workmen leaving the Lumiere plant in Lyon. Bored with the idea of captured film only being used for the scientific and/or promotional purpose of selling cameras in the form of "demonstration films," Guy was confident that she could incorporate fictional story-telling elements into film. She asked Gaumont for permission to make her own film, and he granted it.
[21]
Early filmmaking at Gaumont Film Company
[
edit
]
La Fee aux Choux
(1900)
Alice Guy made her first film in 1896. Its original title may have been
La Fee aux Choux
(The Fairy of the Cabbages) or
The Birth of Children
, or it may have had no title at first. The scene Alice described as her debut effort does not match either the 1900 version of
La Fee aux choux
or the 1902 version, retitled
Sage-femme de premiere classe
which has been found in film archives. By comparing Alice's descriptions of her debut effort with the two films that are available for us to view, we discover differences that indicate there was a third film that came first. The 1896 film seems to be lost. However, multiple points of confirmation indicate that there were three different
La Fee aux choux
.
A 30 July 1896 newspaper describes a "chaste fiction of children born under the cabbages in a wonderfully framed chromo landscape," and provides other details that confirm Alice Guy's description of her first film. "Before very long," Alice Guy reported in 1912, "every moving picture house in the country was turning out stories instead of spectacles and plots instead of panoramas."
[23]
From 1896 to 1906, Alice Guy was Gaumont's head of production and is generally considered the first filmmaker to systematically develop narrative filmmaking. She was probably the only female director from 1896 to 1906.
[24]
Her earlier films share many characteristics and themes with her contemporary competitors, such as the Lumieres and
Melies
. She explored dance and travel films, often combining the two, such as
Le Bolero
performed by
Saharet
(1905) and
Tango
(1905). Many of Guy's early dance films were popular in music-hall attractions such as the
serpentine dance
films ? also a staple of the Lumieres and
Thomas Edison
film catalogs.
[15]
In 1906, Guy made
The Life of Christ
, a big-budget production for the time, which included 300 extras. She used the illustrated
James Tissot
New Testament as reference material for the film, which featured 25 episodes and was her largest production at Gaumont to date. In addition to this, she was one of the pioneers in the use of audio recordings in conjunction with the images on screen in Gaumont's "
Chronophone
" system, which used a vertical-cut disc synchronized to the film. She employed some of the first special effects, including using
double exposure
,
masking techniques
, and running a film backward.
[25]
During her tenure at Gaumont, Guy hired and trained Louis Feuillade and Etienne Arnaud as writers and directors and hired set designer Henri Menessier and art director Ben Carre.
[26]
Later works at The Solax Company
[
edit
]
Still from
Two Little Rangers
(1912)
In 1907, Alice Guy married
Herbert Blache
, who was soon appointed the production manager for Gaumont's operations in the United States. After working with her husband for Gaumont in the U.S., the two established their own business in 1910, partnering with George A. Magie in the formation of
The Solax Company
, the largest pre-Hollywood studio in America.
[18]
[25]
With production facilities for their new company in Flushing, New York, her husband served as production manager and
cinematographer
. Alice Guy-Blache worked as the
artistic director
and directed many of its releases. Within two years, they had become so successful that they invested more than $100,000 into new and technologically advanced production facilities in
Fort Lee, New Jersey
. Many early film studios were based in Fort Lee at the beginning of the 20th century.
[27]
[28]
[29]
This made her the first woman to own her own studio and studio plant.
[26]
It was mentioned in publications of the era that Guy-Blache placed a large sign in her studio that read: 'Be Natural'.
[30]
In 1913, Guy-Blache directed
The Thief
, the first script sold by future Wonder Woman creator
William Moulton Marston
.
[21]
Guy-Blache and her husband divorced several years later, and with the rise of the more hospitable and cost-effective climate in Hollywood, their film partnership also ended.
[
citation needed
]
Legacy
[
edit
]
"There is nothing connected with the staging of a motion picture that a woman cannot do as easily as a man, and there is no reason she cannot master every technicality of the art...In the arts of acting, painting, music, and literature women have long held their place among the most successful workers, and when it is considered how vitally these arts enter into the production of motion pictures one wonders why the names of scores of women are not found among the most successful creators of photodrama offerings."?Alice Guy-Blache in
The Moving Picture World
, July 11, 1914.
[31]
In the late 1940s, Alice Guy-Blache wrote an autobiography. It was published, in French, in 1976 and was translated into English a decade later with the help of her daughter Simone, daughter-in-law Roberta Blache, and the film writer
Anthony Slide
. Guy-Blache was concerned with her unexplained absence from the historical record of the film industry. She regularly communicated with colleagues and film historians, correcting previously made and supposedly factual statements about her life. She crafted lengthy lists of her films as she remembered them, with the hope of being able to assume creative ownership and receive legitimate credit for them.
[32]
Guy-Blache was the subject of a
National Film Board of Canada
documentary
The Lost Garden: The Life and Cinema of Alice Guy-Blache
by director
Marquise Lepage
, which received Quebec's
Gemeaux Award
for Best Documentary.
[33]
In 2002, film scholar Alison McMahan published
Alice Guy Blache: Lost Visionary of the Cinema
.
[34]
Guy-Blache is considered by some to have been the first female filmmaker,
[35]
and from 1896 to 1920, she directed over 1,000 films, some 150 of which survive, and 22 of which are feature-length. She was one of the first women, along with
Lois Weber
, to manage and own her own studio: The Solax Company. Few of her films survive in an easily viewable format. In December 2018,
Kino Lorber
released a six-disc box,
Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers
, in cooperation with the
Library of Congress
, the
British Film Institute
, and others. The first disc of the set is devoted to the films of Alice Guy-Blache. It includes
Matrimony's Speed Limit
(1913), which was selected for preservation in the
National Film Registry
of the
Library of Congress
in 2003.
[36]
[37]
[38]
The 2018 documentary film
Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blache
, directed by
Pamela B. Green
and narrated by
Jodie Foster
, which opened at the Cannes Film Festival (Cannes Classics), deals with Guy-Blache's life, career, and legacy.
[39]
Because of
Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blache
, many of Guy-Blache's films were restored and preserved, and a pillar in her name will be featured at the
Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
.
[
citation needed
]
In September 2019, Guy-Blache was included in
The New York Times
series "
Overlooked No More
".
[40]
As reported by Deadline in 2021,
Pamela B. Green
is developing a feature
biopic
about Alice Guy-Blache.
[41]
Guy-Blache was an early influence on both
Alfred Hitchcock
and
Sergei Eisenstein
. Hitchcock remarked, "I'd be over the moon with the Frenchman George Melies. I was thrilled by the movies of D.W. Griffith and the early French director Alice Guy."
[42]
In his Memoirs, Eisenstein described an unnamed film he had seen as a child that continued to be very important to him. This film was identified as Alice Guy-Blache's
The Consequences of Feminism
(1906)
during the making of the documentary
Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blache.
[43]
Personal life
[
edit
]
Alice Guy-Blache's marriage meant that she had to resign from her position working with Gaumont. The couple was sent by the Gaumont company to Cleveland to facilitate the franchise of Gaumont equipment. Early in 1908, the couple went to New York City where Guy-Blache gave birth to her daughter, Simone, in September 1908.
Two years later, Guy-Blache became the first woman to run her own studio when she created Solax in Gaumont's Flushing studio. In 1912, when she was pregnant with her second child, she built a studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey, and continued to complete one to three films a week. On 27 June 1912, Reginald, her son, was born. To focus on writing and directing, Guy-Blache took her husband into Solax in 1913 "for feature production and executive direction".
[45]
Shortly after taking the position, Herbert Blache started a film company named Blache Features, Inc. The couple maintained a personal and business partnership for the next few years, working together on many projects. In 1918, Herbert Blache left his wife and children to pursue a career in Hollywood.
Alice Guy-Blache almost died from the
Spanish flu pandemic
in October 1918 while filming her final film
Tarnished Reputations
.
[47]
Following her illness, she joined Herbert in Hollywood in 1919 but they lived separately. She worked as Herbert's directing assistant on his two films starring
Alla Nazimova
.
Alice Guy-Blache directed her last film in 1919. In 1921, she was forced to auction her film studio and other possessions in
bankruptcy
. Alice and Herbert were officially divorced in 1922. She returned to France in 1922 and never made another film.
Death
[
edit
]
Alice Guy-Blache never remarried, and in 1964 she returned to the United States to live in
Wayne, New Jersey
, with her older child, her daughter, Simone. On 24 March 1968, at 94, Alice Guy-Blache died in a nursing home
in New Jersey. She is interred at Maryrest Cemetery.
Accolades and tributes
[
edit
]
On December 12, 1958, Guy-Blache was awarded the
Legion d'honneur
, the highest non-military award France offers. On 16 March 1957, she was honored in a
Cinematheque francaise
ceremony that went almost unnoticed by the press.
In 2002,
Circle X Theatre
in Los Angeles produced
Laura Comstock's Bag-punching Dog
, a musical about the invention of cinema, and Alice Guy-Blache was the lead character. The musical was written by
Jillian Armenante
, Alice Dodd, and
Chris Jeffries
. In 2011, an off-Broadway production of
Flight
[51]
premiered at the Connelly Theatre, featuring a fictionalized portrayal of Guy-Blache as a 1913 documentary filmmaker.
[
citation needed
]
In 2004, the Fort Lee Film Commission unveiled a historical marker dedicated to Alice Guy-Blache at the location of Solax Studio. In 2012, for the centennial of the founding and building of the studio, the Commission raised funds to replace her grave marker in Maryrest Cemetery in Mahwah, New Jersey. The new marker includes the Solax logo and notes Guy-Blache's role as a cinema pioneer.
[
citation needed
]
In 2010, the
Academy Film Archive
preserved Alice Guy-Blache's short film
The Girl in the Arm-Chair.
[52]
In 2011, the Fort Lee Film Commission successfully lobbied the
Directors Guild of America
to accept Alice Guy-Blache as a member.
[53]
She was subsequently awarded a posthumous "Special Directorial Award for Lifetime Achievement" at the 2011 DGA Honors.
[54]
In 2013, Guy-Blache was inducted into the
New Jersey Hall of Fame
.
[55]
[56]
Since 2018, film journalist Veronique Le Bris founded the Alice Guy Prize, granted yearly to highlight the woman film-maker of the year.
[57]
A square in the
14th arrondissement of Paris
is named the
Place Alice-Guy
[
fr
]
in her honor.
[58]
In 2019, The re-edited and expanded version of Eisenstein's memoirs,
Yo. Memoirs by Sergei Eisenstein
mention Alice's
The Consequences of Feminism
and its influence on Eisenstein
.
[43]
In 2021,
Yale University
opened its new state-of-the-art screening room, named the Alice Cinema, after Alice Guy-Blache.
[59]
In 2021, French-German TV channel
Arte
produced a documentary on Alice Guy-Blache titled
Alice Guy, the unknown lady of the 7th art
, directed by Valerie Urrea and Nathalie Masduraud, voiced by
Agnes Jaoui
and
Maud Wyler
.
[60]
In 2022,
Rowman & Littlefield
published a new edition of
The Memoirs of Alice Guy Blache
, edited by
Anthony Slide
and translated by Simone Blache and Roberta Blache. This memoir contains a new introduction by Slide.
The
Golden Door Film Festival
gives an award named in her honor.
[
citation needed
]
On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of her birth, around July 1, 2023, several French institutions celebrated Alice Guy and her legacy:
- The
Cinematheque Francaise
held a special day of hommage with the showing of 8 of her films.
[62]
It also uploaded a
2K resolution
digitization
of the very first known
making-of
in the history of cinema,
Alice Guy tourne une
phonoscene
(Alice Guy shoots a phonoscene - [the ancestor of the music video], 1907, by anonym) on its online film portal, Henri.
[63]
- French postal service
La Poste
launched a special edition stamp at her effigy which was presented by her great-grandson Thierry Peeters at
philately
center
Carre d'Encre
on July 3, 2023
[64]
·
.
[65]
- Newly re-opened Paris museum of history of immigration
Cite nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration
shares within its new permanent exhibition several of Alice Guy's films, amongst which
L'Americanise
(1912), to illustrate the experience of immigrants to the United States (like Alice Guy herself).
[66]
Selected filmography
[
edit
]
These films were produced by Gaumont (1896?1907), Solax (1910?1913), or others (1914?1920).
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Nicolas Aubert, her grandfather, died 11 October 1872
[
citation needed
]
- ^
sometimes referred to as Sacred Heart
- ^
Her sisters were already there; her older brother died on 16 May 1880 at age 13
[12]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
As reported in the margins of p. 91 of
birth certificate
Archived
March 31, 2014, at the
Wayback Machine
from the city of Saint-Mande.
- ^
"Overlooked No More: Alice Guy Blache, the World's First Female Filmmaker"
.
The New York Times
. 6 September 2019.
ISSN
0362-4331
. Retrieved
19 May
2022
.
- ^
"Alice Guy-Blache"
.
Biography.com
. A&E Television Networks. Archived from
the original
on 23 March 2018.
- ^
"Alice Guy-Blache"
.
Women Film Pioneers Project
. Archived from
the original
on 23 June 2019
. Retrieved
25 February
2018
.
- ^
Weitzman, Elizabeth (26 April 2019).
"A Century Late, a Giant of Early Cinema Gets Her Closeup"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
29 April
2019
.
- ^
"AFI FEST"
. Archived from
the original
on 23 October 2019
. Retrieved
25 February
2018
.
- ^
Archives de Paris, Marriages, 18 Juilliet 1865, Clichy Hauts de Seine, 4 E/CLI_66.
- ^
New York Times, South America, Terrible Ravages of Small-Pox on the West Coast, 26 September 1872. British Medical Journal, vol. 1, 1875
- ^
The famous Boarding School at Veyrier, Janelle Dietrick, 2021.
- ^
Actes d'etat civil, Archives de Paris, 1880 Deces, 18eme, V4E5022, page 20
- ^
Archives de Paris, Deces 6e arr. 5 Janvier 1891 V4E5962
- ^
Le Temps, 25 February 1892, La mutualite maternelle
- ^
a
b
Simon, Joan (2009).
Alice Guy Blache Cinema Pioneer
. Yale University Press.
ISBN
978-0-300-15250-0
.
- ^
Dietrick 2016
, p.
[
page needed
]
.
- ^
Les premieres annees de la societe L. Gaumont et Cie, Correspondance commercialed de Leon Gaumont 1895?1899. Corcy, Malthete, Mannoni, Laurent, Meusy, 1998
- ^
a
b
"The Lost Garden: The Life and Cinema of Alice Guy-Blache"
. Nfb.ca. 2 May 2012
. Retrieved
24 June
2012
.
- ^
Alice Guy (1 January 1996).
The Memoirs of Alice Guy Blache
. Scarecrow Press.
ISBN
978-0-8108-3104-9
.
- ^
Bachy, Victor.
Entretiens avec Alice Guy
. p. 41.
- ^
a
b
Rudy Cecera (27 February 2021).
"INTERVIEW - Pamela Green, director of "Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blache"
"
.
Screen Comment
.
- ^
"How a Woman Makes a Fortune out of "Movies"
"
. Part V: Drama and Fashion.
New York Tribune
.
72
(24115). Tribune Association: 6. 24 November 1912.
ISSN
1941-0646
.
OCLC
730033564
.
- ^
"Alice Guy Blache ? Women Film Pioneers Project"
.
wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu
. Archived from
the original
on 1 April 2019
. Retrieved
31 March
2016
.
- ^
a
b
McMahan 2002
, p.
[
page needed
]
.
- ^
a
b
"ALICE GUY BLACHE"
.
Artforum
. November 2009.
- ^
Koszarski, Richard (2004),
Fort Lee: The Film Town
, Rome, Italy: John Libbey Publishing,
ISBN
978-0-86196-653-0
- ^
"Fort Lee Film Commission"
. Fort Lee Film Commission. Archived from
the original
on 5 April 2011
. Retrieved
19 December
2016
.
- ^
Fort Lee Film Commission (2006),
Fort Lee Birthplace of the Motion Picture Industry
, Arcadia Publishing,
ISBN
978-0-7385-4501-1
- ^
Peter Bradshaw (15 January 2020).
"Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blache review ? a paean to a movie pioneer"
.
Guardian
.
- ^
Koszarski 1976
, pp. 8, 11; composite quote.
- ^
Simon, Joan (2009).
The Great Adventure: Alice Guy Blache, Cinema Pioneer
. Whitney Museum of American Art. pp. 1?5.
ISBN
978-0-300-15250-0
.
- ^
"The Lost Garden: The Life and Cinema of Alice Guy-Blache"
.
Collection
. National Film Board of Canada
. Retrieved
6 August
2012
.
- ^
"Alice Guy Blache: Lost Visionary of the Cinema"
.
Bloomsbury Press
. Retrieved
25 May
2018
.
- ^
Justin Morrow (9 March 2017).
"Alice Guy-Blache, the World's First Female Filmmaker, Wrote, Directed, and Produced Over 700 Films"
.
No Film School
. Retrieved
25 May
2018
.
- ^
Castillo, Monica.
"Kino Lorber's Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers Box Set is a Treasure Trove of Silent Film History | TV/Streaming | Roger Ebert"
.
www.rogerebert.com
. Retrieved
5 May
2020
.
- ^
"
'Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers' Brings Forth a Time When, Unlike Today, Women Made Lots of Movies"
.
PopMatters
. 25 January 2019
. Retrieved
5 May
2020
.
- ^
"Complete National Film Registry Listing"
.
Library of Congress
. Retrieved
5 May
2020
.
- ^
Leslie Felperin (13 May 2018).
"
'Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blache': Film Review | Cannes 2018"
.
The Hollywood Reporter
. Retrieved
25 May
2018
.
- ^
New York Times (6 September 2019). "Overlooked No More: Alice Guy Blache, the World's First Female Filmmaker".
New York Times
.
- ^
Wiseman, Andreas (11 January 2021).
"Filmmaking Pioneer Alice Guy-Blache, The First Ever Female Movie Director, Subject Of New Biopic From 'The Great Hack' Duo"
.
Deadline
. Retrieved
19 May
2021
.
- ^
Chandler, Charlotte (2006).
It's Only a Movie Alfred Hitchcock: A Personal Biography
. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney: Pocket Books. p. 39.
ISBN
0743492293
.
- ^
a
b
Eisenstein, Sergei (2019).
Yo. Memoirs
. The Eisenstein Center. Russia: Garage Museum of Contemporary Art. pp. 283, 443.
- ^
"Herbert Blache joins Solax"
.
Moving Picture World
.
16
(11). New York: Moving Picture Exhibitors' Association: 1145. 14 June 1913.
OCLC
894174294
– via Internet Archive.
- ^
"Mme. Blache Ill"
.
Wid's Daily
.
6
(21). New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk Inc. 27 October 1918.
OCLC
1045399826
.
- ^
"Flight"
. Pacific Performance Project East. 2012. Archived from
the original
on 28 December 2013
. Retrieved
23 June
2012
.
- ^
"Preserved Projects"
.
Academy Film Archive
. Retrieved
19 December
2016
.
- ^
Svetlana Shkolnikova.
"North.Jersey.com"
.
NorthJersey.com
. Retrieved
11 November
2014
.
- ^
"2011 DGA Honors Recipients Announced -"
.
www.dga.org
.
- ^
Svetlana Shkolnikova.
"New Jersey Hall of Fame"
.
NorthJersey.com
. Retrieved
11 November
2014
.
- ^
"2013 Inductees"
.
New Jersey Hall of Fame
. 9 April 2014
. Retrieved
25 April
2020
.
- ^
Le Bris, Veronique (8 February 2019).
"Recompenser la realisatrice de l'annee"
(in French)
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
"Pl. Alice Guy · 75014 Paris, France"
.
Pl. Alice Guy · 75014 Paris, France
. Retrieved
20 January
2022
.
- ^
Gonzalez, Susan (1 April 2021).
"Humanities Quadrangle: A cherished Yale icon reimagined"
.
YaleNews
. Retrieved
19 May
2021
.
- ^
"Alice Guy - L'inconnue du 7e art"
(in French)
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
"HOMMAGE A ALICE GUY LE 1 JUILLET 2023 - JOURNEE ANNIVERSAIRE"
(in French)
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
"The work of film-making - Alice Guy shoots a phonoscene"
(in French)
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
"Le 3 juillet 2023, La Poste emet un timbre a l'effigie d'Alice GUY, 1ere femme realisatrice et productrice au monde, a l'occasion du 150e anniversaire de sa naissance"
(in French)
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
"Sequence emotion en direct du Carre d'Encre avec Thierry Peeters, arriere-petit-fils d'Alice Guy, Francoise et Dominique Allignet et Veronique Le Bris fondatrice du Prix Alice Guy"
(in French)
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
Dagen, Philippe (17 June 2023).
"Au Palais de la Porte-Doree, a Paris, un nouveau recit de l'immigration"
.
Le Monde.fr
(in French)
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
"Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List"
.
Silent Era
. 1 January 2021
. Retrieved
28 March
2021
.
Sources
[
edit
]
- Acker, Ally
(1991).
Reel Women: Pioneers of the Cinema, 1896 to the Present
. New York: Continuum.
ISBN
9780826405791
.
OCLC
644078883
– via Internet Archive.
Contains one chapter about Alice Guy Blache.
- Acker, Ally (2012).
Reel Women: Pioneers of the Cinema, The First Hundred Years
. New York, NY: Reel Women Media.
ISBN
9781440489617
.
OCLC
1037267982
.
Contains one chapter about Alice Guy Blache.
- Guy-Blache, Alice (1996).
Slide, Anthony
(ed.).
The Memoirs of Alice Guy Blache
. Translated by Blache, Roberta; Blache, Simone. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press.
ISBN
9780810872745
.
OCLC
891930835
– via Internet Archive.
Updated as:
- Dietrick, Janelle (2016).
Alice & Eiffel, A New History of Early Cinema and the Love Story Kept Secret for a Century
. Portland, OR: BookBaby.
ISBN
9781682227664
.
OCLC
941877015
,
946975989
.
- Dietrick, Janelle (2017).
Illuminating Moments : the Films of Alice Guy Blache
. Cork: BookBaby.
ISBN
9781543911015
.
OCLC
1006407794
.
- Dietrick, Janelle (2022).
La Fee Aux Choux : Alice Guy's Garden of Dreams
. Las Vegas, NV: Paradis Perdu Press.
ISBN
9798986175300
.
- Koszarski, Richard (1976).
Hollywood directors, 1914-1940
. Oxford University Press: London.
ISBN
9780195020861
.
OCLC
863369819
.
- McMahan, Alison J (1997).
Madame a des envies (Madam has her cravings): A critical analysis of the short films of Alice Guy Blache, the first woman filmmaker
(PhD). Cincinnati, OH: Union Institute.
ISBN
9781501340239
.
OCLC
781770689
.
- McMahan, Alison (2002).
Alice Guy Blache: Lost Visionary of the Cinema
. New York: Continuum.
ISBN
9781501302695
.
OCLC
1201427000
,
884280169
.
- McMahan, Alison (2009). "Key Events and Dates: Alice Guy Blache". In Simon, Joan (ed.).
Alice Guy Blache: Cinema Pioneer
. New Haven, CT; New York: Yale University Press; Whitney Museum of American Art. pp. 124?131.
ISBN
9780300152500
.
OCLC
317471816
.
See also:
McMahan 2019
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Guy-Blache, Alice (1976).
Autobiographie d'une pionniere du cinema : 1873-1968
(in French). Denoel-Gonthier.
OCLC
1033084385
.
This contains many passages and words not translated into the English editions.
External links
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edit
]
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