American publishing company
Simon & Schuster LLC
(
SHOO
-st?r
) is an American publishing company owned by
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
. It was founded in
New York City
on January 2, 1924, by
Richard L. Simon
and
M. Lincoln Schuster
.
[5]
Along with
Penguin Random House
,
Hachette
,
HarperCollins
and
Macmillan Publishers
, Simon & Schuster is considered one of the
'Big Five'
English language publishers. As of 2017
[update]
Simon & Schuster was the third largest publisher in the United States,
[6]
publishing 2,000 titles annually under 35 different
imprints
.
[7]
[8]
History
[
edit
]
Early years
[
edit
]
In 1924,
Richard Simon
's aunt, a
crossword puzzle
enthusiast, asked whether there was a book of
New York World
crossword puzzles, which were very popular at the time. After discovering that none had been published, Simon and
Max Schuster
decided to launch a company to exploit the opportunity.
[9]
At the time, Simon was a piano salesman and Schuster was editor of an automotive trade magazine.
[10]
They pooled
US$8,000
, equivalent to $142,000 today,
[11]
to start a company that published crossword puzzles.
[12]
[9]
The new publishing house used "fad" publishing to publish books that exploited current fads and trends. Simon called this "planned publishing".
[10]
Instead of signing authors with a planned manuscript, they came up with their own ideas, and then hired writers to carry them out.
[10]
In the 1930s, the publisher moved to what has been referred to as "Publisher's Row" on
Park Avenue
in
Manhattan
, New York.
[10]
Expansion
[
edit
]
In 1939, Simon & Schuster financially backed Robert Fair de Graff to found
Pocket Books
, America's first paperback publisher.
[13]
In 1942, Simon & Schuster and
Western Publishing
launched the
Little Golden Books
series in cooperation with the Artists and Writers Guild.
[14]
[15]
In 1944,
Marshall Field III
, owner of the
Chicago Sun
, purchased Simon & Schuster and Pocket Books.
[16]
The company was sold back to Simon and Schuster following his death in 1957
[17]
for $1 million.
[18]
In the 1950s and 1960s, many publishers including Simon & Schuster turned toward educational publishing due to the
baby boom
market.
[19]
Pocket Books focused on paperbacks for the educational market instead of textbooks and started the Washington Square Press imprint in 1959.
[19]
By 1964 it had published over 200 titles and was expected to put out another 400 by the end of that year.
[19]
Books published under the imprint included classic reprints such as
Lorna Doone
,
Ivanhoe
,
Tom Sawyer
,
Huckleberry Finn
, and
Robinson Crusoe
.
[20]
In 1967, Simon & Schuster acquired Monarch Press Publishing, Inc., along with its extensive line of college and high school study guides published.
[21]
In 1960, Richard Simon died of a heart attack; six years later, Max Schuster retired and sold his half of Simon & Schuster to Leon Shimkin.
[12]
[22]
Shimkin then merged Simon & Schuster with Pocket Books under the name of Simon & Schuster.
[12]
[22]
In 1968, editor-in-chief
Robert Gottlieb
, who worked at Simon & Schuster since 1955 and edited several bestsellers including
Joseph Heller
's
Catch-22
,
[23]
left abruptly to work at competitor
Knopf
, taking other influential S&S employees,
Nina Bourne
, and Tony Schulte.
[24]
[12]
Simon & Schuster was acquired by
Gulf+Western
in an 8-for-1
stock swap
on January 28, 1975.
[25]
Four years later in 1979, Richard Snyder was named CEO of the company. Over the next several years he would help grow the company substantially.
[26]
1980s
[
edit
]
After the death of Gulf+Western head
Charles Bluhdorn
on February 19, 1983,
[27]
the company made the decision to diversify. Bluhdorn's successor Martin Davis told
The New York Times
, "Society was undergoing dramatic changes so that there was a greater need for textbooks, maps, and educational information. We saw the opportunity to diversify into those areas, which are more stable and more profitable than trade publishing."
[28]
In 1984, Simon & Schuster with CEO
Richard E. Snyder
acquired educational publisher Esquire Corporation, owner of companies including
Allyn & Bacon
(and former owner of
Esquire
magazine), for $180 million.
[28]
Prentice Hall
was brought into the company fold in 1985 for over $700 million and was viewed by some executives to be a catalyst for change for the company as a whole.
[12]
[28]
This acquisition was followed by
Silver Burdett
in 1986,
[29]
mapmaker
Gousha
in 1987 and Charles E. Simon in 1988.
[29]
Part of the acquisition included educational publisher Allyn & Bacon which, according to then editor and chief
Michael Korda
, became the "nucleus of S&S's educational and informational business."
[12]
Three California educational companies were also purchased between 1988 and 1990 – Quercus, Fearon Education and Janus Book Publishers.
[28]
In all, Simon & Schuster spent more than $1 billion in acquisitions between 1983 and 1991.
[29]
In the 1980s, Snyder also made an unsuccessful bid toward video publishing which was believed to have led to the company's success in the audiobook business. Snyder was dismayed to realize that Simon & Schuster did not own the video rights to
Jane Fonda's Workout Book
, a huge bestseller at the time and that the video company producing the VHS was making more money on the video. This prompted Snyder to ask editors to obtain video rights for every new book. Agents were often reluctant to give these up – which meant the S&S Video division never took off. Simon & Schuster launched its audiobook division in 1985.
[30]
According to Korda, audiobooks were a major business for Simon & Schuster by the 1990s.
[12]
In 1989, Gulf and Western Inc., owner of Simon & Schuster, changed its name to Paramount Communications Inc.
[31]
1990s
[
edit
]
In 1990,
The New York Times
described Simon & Schuster as the largest book publisher in the United States with sales of $1.3 billion the previous year.
[28]
That same year, Simon & Schuster acquired the children's publisher Green Tiger Press.
[32]
In 1993, Simon & Schuster bought
Macmillan
(including
Scribner's
,
Free Press
, and Jossey-Bass), and changed its name to Paramount Publishing.
Viacom
then bought Paramount in 1994 and changed the name back to Simon & Schuster.
[33]
[34]
Macmillan was acquired for US$552.8 million.
[35]
Later that year, Snyder was suddenly fired from S&S and was replaced by the company's president and chief operating officer Jonathan Newcomb.
[26]
Simon & Schuster then sold several peripheral assets, such as selling Charles E. Simon Co. to CDB Infotek.
[36]
Gousha was sold to
Rand McNally
in 1996.
[37]
In 1994, S&S acquired the software operations of
Markt+Technik
.
[38]
Later that year, Simon & Schuster (through Paramount) launched a software publisher in partnership with
Davidson & Associates
named Simon & Schuster Interactive.
[39]
The studio published video games such as
Outlaw Golf
,
Deer Avenger
,
I.M. Meen
,
Chill Manor
,
EVE Online
, and games based on
Richard Scarry
's characters. S&S Interactive shut down in 2003.
[40]
In 1998, Viacom sold Simon & Schuster's educational operations (including Prentice Hall, Macmillan, and Jossey-Bass) to
Pearson plc
, the global publisher and then owner of Penguin and the
Financial Times
; Pearson then merged the operations with
Addison-Wesley
Longman
to form
Pearson Education
. Later, Pearson sold several of the acquired S&S divisions: first Appleton & Lange was divested to
McGraw-Hill
and Master Data Central was sold to
Master Data Center
.
[41]
Then, Jossey-Bass was sold to
John Wiley & Sons
and the Bureau of Business Practice was sold to
Wolters Kluwer
.
[42]
Subsequently, Macmillan Library Reference's children's imprints (Silver Burdett Press, Dillon Press, Crestwood House, Silver Press, New Discovery and
Julian Messner
) were closed.
[43]
Then,
Gale
acquired Macmillan Library Reference (Charles Scribner's Sons Reference, Macmillan Reference, Thorndike Press,
G.K. Hall
, Twayne Publishers and Schirmer Books).
[44]
Finally,
IDG Books
acquired Macmillan General Reference (including
Frommer's
,
J.K. Lasser
,
Betty Crocker
Cookbooks,
Weight Watchers
Dieting and Cookbooks and Howell House Pet Books but excluding
Complete Idiot's Guides
, which Pearson later transferred to Macmillan Computer Publishing under
Alpha Books
and currently part of
Penguin Random House
under
Dorling Kindersley
).
[45]
[46]
2000s
[
edit
]
In 2002, Simon & Schuster acquired its Canadian distributor Distican.
[47]
Simon & Schuster began publishing in Canada in 2013.
[48]
At the end of 2005, Viacom split into two companies:
CBS Corporation
(which inherited S&S and
Paramount Parks
), and the other retaining the
Viacom
name.
[49]
Also in 2005, Simon & Schuster acquired Strebor Books International, which was founded in 1999 by author Kristina Laferne Roberts, who has written under the pseudonym "Zane".
[50]
[51]
A year later, in 2006, Simon & Schuster launched the conservative imprint
Threshold Editions
.
[52]
In 2009, Simon & Schuster signed a multi-book and co-publishing deal with
Glenn Beck
which fell over many of its imprints and included adult non-fiction, fiction, children, and YA literature as well as e-book and audiobook originals.
[53]
As part of CBS, Simon & Schuster has been the primary publisher for books related to various media franchises owned by and/or aired on CBS such as
CSI
.
[54]
The company has also held a license to publish books in the
Star Trek
franchise under
Pocket Books
.
[55]
2010s
[
edit
]
In 2011, Simon & Schuster signed a number of co-publishing deals. Glenn Beck signed a new co-publishing deal with Simon & Schuster for his own imprint,
Mercury Ink
.
[56]
Under Atria, Simon & Schuster also launched a publishing venture with
Cash Money Records
called Cash Money Content.
[57]
On April 11, 2012, the United States Department of Justice filed
United States v. Apple Inc.
, naming
Apple
, Simon & Schuster, and four other major publishers as defendants. The suit alleged that they conspired to fix prices for
e-books
, and weaken
Amazon.com
's position in the market, in violation of
antitrust law
.
[58]
Simon & Schuster reorganized all of their imprints under four main groups in 2012.
[59]
The four groups included the Atria Publishing Group, the Scribner Publishing Group, the Simon & Schuster Publishing Group and the Gallery Publishing Group.
[59]
According to CEO
Carolyn Reidy
, the divisions were created to align imprints that complement one another and that the structure would "lead to a sharper editorial focus for our imprints even as it takes consideration of the natural affinities among them."
[59]
In 2012, Simon & Schuster launched a self-publishing arm of the company, Archway Publishing.
[60]
On November 14, 2013, Simon & Schuster signed a co-publishing agreement with former
New York Yankees
shortstop,
Derek Jeter
, to launch Jeter Publishing.
[61]
In December 2013, a federal judge approved a settlement of the antitrust claims, in which Simon & Schuster and the other publishers paid into a fund that provided credits to customers who had overpaid for books due to the price-fixing.
[62]
In 2014, Simon & Schuster signed a partnership deal with Amazon over ebooks and also launched a new speculative fiction imprint. On October 21, 2014, Simon & Schuster signed a multi-year partnership deal with
Amazon.com
in negotiations concerning the price of e-books.
[63]
Simon & Schuster also launched a new science fiction imprint called Simon451 that would publish titles across science fiction and fantasy with an emphasis on ebooks and online communities.
[64]
The name of the imprint was inspired by
Ray Bradbury
's book
Fahrenheit 451
(the temperature at which books burn).
[64]
Bradbury's classic is also published by Simon & Schuster.
[64]
Simon & Schuster expanded beyond book publishing in 2015 by offering a new business model and additional services for authors. In 2015, Simon & Schuster announced the creation of a new publishing unit and imprint called North Star Way.
[65]
The imprint would publish non-fiction titles such as self-improvement, inspirational and mind-body-spirit titles. In addition, the group would also serve as a platform and set of services for authors that go beyond what a traditional book publisher offers to find their audience.
[65]
The services include helping authors expand their reach through online courses, seminars, workshops, mobile applications, video and audiobooks, sponsorships and business partnerships, and podcasts. North Star Way sits within the
Gallery Publishing Group
division.
[65]
According to Michele Martin, publisher and founder, the name North Star reflects their mission, "to publish books that will help readers find the path to a better life, and to be a guide for our authors, not only through publication of their books but also in the many other activities that can help their message find the widest possible audience."
[66]
In an interview with
Kirkus Reviews
, Michele Martin expanded that North Star Way, "aims to meet consumers where they are, in whatever form of media they consume. We expand the ideas in the books into a variety of platforms."
[67]
The name prompted
Marvel Comics
to attempt to register the name of their superhero
Northstar
in February 2015. The application was denied as Simon & Schuster had already made a trademark application for North Star Way in January.
[68]
Simon & Schuster launched SimonSays.com a portal for online video courses in 2016, along with Scout Press, a new literary fiction imprint under Gallery Books Group. They also launched North Star Way, a platform-based program to provide authors with services beyond publishing including brand management, online courses, sponsorship, and business partnerships.
[69]
Also as of 2016, Simon & Schuster had more than 18k e-books available for sale and signed a deal to distribute Start Publishing LLC, a catalog of 7,000 e-book titles.
[69]
In 2019, CBS and Viacom reunited to form ViacomCBS. As a result, Simon & Schuster became part of the newly formed ViacomCBS.
[70]
Since February 15, 2022, ViacomCBS is known as
Paramount Global
.
2020s
[
edit
]
In March 2020, ViacomCBS CEO
Bob Bakish
announced the company's intention to sell the Simon & Schuster division, as it "does not have significant connection for our broader business."
[71]
Bakish expected the sale to close in 2020, a date that was delayed by the
COVID-19 pandemic
.
[72]
[73]
In September 2020, German media group
Bertelsmann
, which owns
Penguin Random House
, announced that it was interested in acquiring Simon & Schuster. According to Bertelsmann chief executive and chairman
Thomas Rabe
, "We've been the most active player on the consolidation of the book publishing market in the last 10 years. We combined
Penguin
and
Random House
very successfully to create by far the largest book publisher in the world, actually the only global book publisher. Given this position we would, of course, be interested in Simon & Schuster."
[74]
Vivendi
, which owns the French publisher
Editis
, and
News Corp
, which owns
HarperCollins
, were also named as contenders in acquiring Simon & Schuster.
ViacomCBS
expected the bids to be placed before November 26, 2020.
[75]
On November 25, 2020, ViacomCBS announced it would sell Simon & Schuster to Penguin Random House for $2.175 billion. The deal was expected to close in 2022, but was blocked by US federal judge
Florence Y. Pan
on October 31, 2022.
[76]
[77]
[78]
[79]
An appeal to the court ruling was announced a day later by Bertelsmann,
[80]
but it was ultimately canceled on November 21.
[81]
In 2021, Simon & Schuster made book deals with former Trump administration officials, such as
Vice President
Mike Pence
and Trump adviser
Kellyanne Conway
. This prompted protests among Simon & Schuster staff.
[82]
[83]
[84]
On November 2, 2021, the
United States Department of Justice
filed a civil antitrust lawsuit to block Penguin Random House's proposed acquisition of Simon & Schuster. The lawsuit argues that the acquisition would create a publisher with too much influence over books and author payments.
[85]
A federal judge sided with the plaintiff, leading Paramount to nullify the deal in November 2022.
[86]
In 2022, Simon & Schuster employee Filippo Bernardini was arrested for the
2016?2021 literary phishing thefts
. The company released a statement saying they were "shocked and horrified to learn today of the allegations of fraud and identity theft by an employee."
[87]
In June 2023,
The Wall Street Journal
reported that HarperCollins and investment firm
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
(KKR) had emerged as potential frontrunners for the company.
[88]
On August 3, 2023, it was reported that KKR was in "advanced talks" with Paramount Global.
[89]
[90]
On August 7, 2023, Paramount Global announced that it had agreed to sell Simon & Schuster to KKR for $1.62 billion.
[91]
The sale was completed on October 30, 2023.
[92]
[93]
In May 2024, Simon & Schuster acquired
Veen Bosch & Keuning
(VBK), the largest Dutch book publishing company. The acquisition includes all of VBK's imprints in the Netherlands and Belgium, as well as its sister companies, the audiobook producer
Thinium
, and
Bookchoice
, a subscription-based platform for e-books and audiobooks. This is the first expansion of Simon & Schuster into a non-English market.
[94]
People
[
edit
]
Editors and publishers
[
edit
]
Authors
[
edit
]
Simon & Schuster has published thousands of books from thousands of authors. This list represents some of the more notable authors (those who are culturally significant or have had several bestsellers, meaning they have sold at least 3,000 books).
Notable books
[
edit
]
- A History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell
- The Independence of Miss Mary Barnett by Colleen McCullough
- Butts: A Backstory
by Heather Radke (under the Avid Reader imprint)
- The Year of Lear by James Shapiro
- Contagious by Jonah Berger
- Rickover by Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen
- Grimwood
by Nadia Shireen (Original UK editions; US editions published by
Andrews McMeel Publishing
)
Logo
[
edit
]
According to one source, The Sower, the logo of Simon & Schuster, was inspired by the 1850
Jean-Francois Millet
painting of the same name.
[95]
According to
Michael Korda
, the colophon is a small reproduction of
The Sower
by Sir
John Everett Millais
.
[96]
Imprints
[
edit
]
Adult publishing
[
edit
]
- Adams Media,
[97]
located in
Avon, Massachusetts
[98]
- Atria Publishing Group
[7]
- 37 INK
,
[99]
publisher of African-American and other diverse voices
- Atria Books
, general publisher
- Atria Espanol
, publisher of Spanish language books with a focus on United States Spanish speakers
- Atria Unbound
, general publisher of ebook editions of Atria
- Beyond Words Publishing
co-venture with Atria specializing in the mind-body-spirit category
- Cash Money Content
, a co-venture with
Cash Money Records
- Emily Bestler Books
, publisher of fiction and non-fiction
- Enliven Books
, publisher of spiritual and wellness books
- Howard Books
,
[7]
publisher of Christian books
- Keywords Press
, publisher of books by Internet personalities
[100]
- Marble Arch Press
, co-publishing agreement with the United Kingdom publisher Short Books
- One Signal Publishers
, nonfiction publisher founded by
Julia Cheiffetz
- Simon Element
, publishes nonfiction books addressing foundational topics.
- Strebor Books International
, publisher of African-American books as well as Black Erotica
- Washington Square Press, paperback publisher of classic and contemporary fiction
[101]
- Avid Reader Press
[102]
- Gallery Books Group
[7]
- Gallery Books
, general interest publisher
- Karen Hunter Publishing
, general interest imprint founded by journalist Karen Hunter
- Mercury Ink
, co-publishing deal with Glenn Beck and Mercury Radio Arts
- MTV Entertainment Books
(formerly MTV Books), young adult and pop-culture imprint
- North Star Way Books
, inspirational non-fiction imprint with additional services for authors
- Pocket Books
,
[7]
mass market imprint of the Gallery Publishing Group
- Pocket Star
, e-book only imprint of the Gallery Publishing Group
- Scout Press
, publisher of literary fiction
- Threshold Editions
,
[7]
conservative imprint
- Twelve, an imprint that publishes each book with a month-long launch
[103]
- Gallery 13, a graphic novel imprint
[104]
- Scribner
[7]
- Scribner, publisher of fiction and non-fiction books
- Simon & Schuster (the flagship imprint)
[7]
- Folger Shakespeare Library
, publishes print and ebooks of Shakespeare works
- Simon451, publisher of speculative fiction and fantasy
- Saga Press (specializes in science fiction and fantasy.)
[7]
Children's publishing
[
edit
]
- Aladdin
, publisher of picture and chapter books for middle-grade readers
- Atheneum
, publisher of literary middle grade, teen and picture books
- Beach Lane Books,
[7]
publisher of picture books, founded in 2008 and located in
San Diego
[105]
- Little Simon
,
[7]
publisher of children's books
- Margaret K. McElderry Books,
[7]
boutique imprint publisher of literary fiction and nonfiction for children and teens
- MTV Books, pop culture imprint relaunched in 2021
[106]
- Paula Wiseman Books,
[7]
publisher of picture books, novelty books and novels for children
- Salaam Reads, imprint for Muslim children's literature by Simon & Schuster's Children's Division
[107]
- Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers,
[7]
flagship imprint of Simon & Schuster's Children's Division
- Simon Pulse, publisher of teen books, launched in 1999 as Pocket Pulse and renamed in 2001
[108]
[109]
- Simon Spotlight,
[7]
publisher focused on licensed properties for children
Audio
[
edit
]
Former imprints
[
edit
]
- Archway (children's imprint of Pocket Books, merged into
Aladdin Paperbacks
)
[109]
- Bookthrift (Inexpensive reprints, discontinued)
- Earthlight (UK science fiction imprint, discontinued)
- Downtown Press (women's fiction, discontinued)
- Fireside Books
- Free Press
[7]
- Green Tiger Press
- Half Moon Books
- Inner Sanctum Mysteries
- Linden Press
- Long Shadow Books
- Minstrel Books (children's imprint of Pocket Books, merged into
Aladdin Paperbacks
[109]
)
- Poseidon Press
(operated 1982?1993)
- Richard Gallen Books
- Simon & Schuster Interactive (1995?2003)
- Sonnet Books
- Summit Books, run by James H. Silberman (operated 1976?1991)
[110]
- Tiller Press (specializes in "practical nonfiction": diet, wellness, home design.)
- Touchstone, Touchstone Books (closed December 2018)
[111]
- Wallaby Books
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Harris, Elizabeth A. (May 28, 2020).
"Simon & Schuster Names Jonathan Karp C.E.O."
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on May 28, 2020
. Retrieved
May 29,
2020
.
- ^
"Company Overview of Simon & Schuster, Inc"
. Bloomberg L.P.
Archived
from the original on February 5, 2017
. Retrieved
February 22,
2017
.
- ^
Nguyen, Sophia (August 7, 2023).
"Simon & Schuster acquired by private equity firm KKR"
.
The Washington Post
.
Archived
from the original on August 8, 2023.
- ^
Sherman, Natalie (August 7, 2023).
"Simon & Schuster: Publisher to be sold for $1.6bn"
.
BBC News
.
Archived
from the original on August 8, 2023
. Retrieved
August 8,
2023
.
- ^
"What it Means to Be a Book Publisher at 29: What Simon and Schuster Have Found Out in Their Pursuit of Best Sellers"
Archived
October 3, 2023, at the
Wayback Machine
, by Beatrice Barmby,
McClure's
magazine (October 1927) p.62
- ^
Milliot, Jim (February 24, 2017).
"Ranking America's Largest Publishers"
.
Publishers Weekly
.
Archived
from the original on May 20, 2024
. Retrieved
September 25,
2020
.
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a
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.
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ISSN
0000-0019
.
Archived
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- ^
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(Press release). CBS Corporation. PR Newswire.
Archived
from the original on November 6, 2013
. Retrieved
January 16,
2014
.
- ^
a
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Frederick Lewis Allen,
Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s
, p. 165.
ISBN
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.
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a
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c
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Miller, Donald L. (2014).
Supreme City: How Jazz Age Manhattan Gave Birth to Modern America
. Simon & Schuster.
ISBN
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.
- ^
1634?1699:
McCusker, J. J.
(1997).
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
(PDF)
.
American Antiquarian Society
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1700?1799:
McCusker, J. J.
(1992).
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
(PDF)
.
American Antiquarian Society
.
1800?present:
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800?"
. Retrieved
February 29,
2024
.
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a
b
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k
l
m
n
o
p
q
Korda, Michael (1999).
Another life: a memoir of other people
. New York: Random House.
ISBN
0679456597
.
- ^
Ennis, Thomas W. (November 3, 1981).
"Robert F. De Graff Dies at 86; was Pocket Books Founder"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on August 31, 2018
. Retrieved
August 31,
2018
.
- ^
"Announcing Little Golden Books".
Publishers Weekly
. September 19, 1942, pp. 991?994.
- ^
"Commemorating 75 Years of Little Golden Books"
.
Publishers Weekly
.
Archived
from the original on May 20, 2024
. Retrieved
August 31,
2018
.
- ^
Darby, Edwin (2011).
The Fortune Builders: Chicago's Famous Families
. Garrett County Press.
ISBN
978-1891053177
.
Archived
from the original on May 20, 2024
. Retrieved
November 21,
2020
.
- ^
"Business Timeline"
. Archived from
the original
on November 13, 2022.
- ^
"History of Simon & Schuster Inc"
. Funding Universe.
Archived
from the original on October 25, 2020
. Retrieved
September 1,
2020
.
- ^
a
b
c
Gilroy, Harry (January 6, 1964).
"Publishers Hope Wider Market Will Mean Better Profit Margins"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
.
Archived
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. Retrieved
January 14,
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cite news
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Further reading
[
edit
]
- Korda, Michael (1999).
Another Life: A Memoir of Other People
. United States: Random House.
ISBN
0-679-45659-7
.
- "Simon & Schuster Inc."
International Directory of Company Histories
. 4:671?672.
- "Simon & Schuster Inc."
International Directory of Company Histories
. 19:403?405.
External links
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edit
]
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