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Abydos graffiti

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Phoenician graffiti (right hand side) at the Temple of Seti I .

The Abydos graffiti is Phoenician and Aramaic graffiti found on the walls of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt . The inscriptions are known as KAI 49, CIS I 99-110 and RES 1302ff.

Much of the graffiti represents prayers and votive dedications. [1]

Prior to the discovery of the Abydos graffiti, very few Semitic inscriptions had been found in Egypt ? a few Aramaic texts, the Abu Simbel Phoenician graffiti (published by Ampere, Lepsius, and Graham), and an engraved sphinx found in the Serapeum of Saqqara . Abydos was considered to contain the tomb of Osiris , the god of the afterlife, hence it was considered a holy burial place and attracted pilgrimage. [2]

Discovery [ edit ]

The first Phoenician and Aramaic graffiti was recorded by Theodule Deveria during Mariette's excavations at Abydos; 13 inscriptions were published in 1868 by Hermann Zotenberg . [3] Heinrich Karl Brugsch subsequently made notes of 16 inscriptions. The inscriptions of Deveria and Brugsch were published in the first edition of Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum .

In 1885, Joseph Derenbourg and his son Hartwig published an interpretation of 61 inscriptions noted by Archibald Sayce on a visit in 1883. [4]

A small amount of further graffiti was published by Margaret Murray in 1904, together with her excavations at the Osireion (note that no Phoenician or Aramaic graffiti was found on the Osireion which, unlike the other temples, had been hidden underground for many centuries). [5] The Phoenician graffiti was found to be "roughly scratched on the walls, even more roughly than the Greek". [5]

Concordance [ edit ]

Deveria CIS I Brugsch Sayce
1 99 6, 16 18
2 100a-b - -
4 - - 5
6 101 - 25
7 - - 4
8 102a-d 1, 2, 10 36?38, 40
9 - - 61
10 103a-c - 21-23
11 104 - -
12 105 - 1
13 - - 41
- 106 8, 13 2
- 110 - 3
- 109 15 19
- 107 12 31
- 108 14 -

Gallery of handwritten notes [ edit ]

CIS, including Deveria and Brugsch [ edit ]

  • Deveria 8, 9, 11
    Deveria 8, 9, 11
  • Deveria 1–7, 10, 12-13
    Deveria 1?7, 10, 12-13
  • Brugsch 1-16
    Brugsch 1-16
  • CIS I 98, 110
    CIS I 98, 110

Murray [ edit ]

Sayce [ edit ]

  • Sayce 1-15
    Sayce 1-15
  • Sayce 16-31
    Sayce 16-31
  • Sayce 32-46
    Sayce 32-46
  • Sayce 47-61
    Sayce 47-61

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ Naveh, J. (1979). Graffiti and Dedications . Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, (235), 27-30. doi:10.2307/1356553
  2. ^ Zotenberg, H., " Nouvelles inscriptions pheniciennes d'Egypte ." JA ser. 6, t. 11 (1868): 431?50 + 2 pls (also at BNF , including full plate scans): "Dans le grand nombre d'inscriptions diverses qui ont ete trouvees jusqu'a ce jour aux bords du Nil, les anciennes inscriptions semitiques sont fort rares... En dehors de quelques textes arameens, les seules inscriptions pheniciennes decouvertes en Egypte jusqu'a ce jour, sont celles d'Ipsambul, copiees successivement par Ampere, Lepsius, et Graham, et quatre lignes gravees sur un des sphinx du serapeum de Memphis... Deux temples, dont l'un construit par Seti Ier l'autre par Ramses II, lui etaient consacres. Elle renfermait, en outre, le tombeau d'Osiris... Mais Abydos avait la pretention de posseder le vrai tombeau du dieu Osiris, et cette croyance eut pour effet que beaucoup d'Egyptiens, de toutes les parties du pays, firent etablir leurs sepultures a proximite de l'endroit ou reposait le dieu. Il est naturel que cette coutume ait ajoute a la saintete du lieu et du culte d'Abydos. Aussi cette ville attira-t-elle de tres-nombreux pelerins venus de tous cotes pour y adorer Osiris.
  3. ^ Zotenberg, H., " Nouvelles inscriptions pheniciennes d'Egypte ." JA ser. 6, t. 11 (1868): 431?50 + 2 pls (also at BNF , including full plate scans)
  4. ^ Derenbourg, J., & Derenbourg, H. (1885). LES INSCRIPTIONS PHENICIENNES DU TEMPLE DE SETI A ABYDOS, PUBLIEES ET TRADUITES D'APRES UNE COPIE INEDITE DE M. SAYCE . Revue D'Assyriologie Et D'archeologie Orientale, 1(3), 81-101: "En visitant a la fin de 1883 le temple construit par Seti Ier a Abydos, dans la Haute-Egypte, M. Sayce a pris soin d'y copier toutes les inscriptions pheniciennes, dont une partie seulement avait ete relevee par Deveria et Brugsch. Il y a beaucoup de nouveau dans les soixante et un petits textes, que M. Sayce a bien voulu nous envoyer."
  5. ^ a b The Osireion at Abydos , 1904

Bibliography [ edit ]

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