Abdallah ibn Ibad

?Abd All?h ibn Ib?? al-Tam?m? ( Arabic : ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ; died c. 700) was an Arab Islamic scholar and Kharijite from Basra , of the tribe of Ban? Sa?d of Tam?m . In traditional Islamic historiography , he is the founder and namesake of Ib??? Islam . ^[1]

Ibn Ib?? was one of the group of Basran Kharijites who, led by N?f?? ibn al-Azraq , joined the defenders under ?Abd All?h ibn al-Zubayr at the siege of the Ka?ba by the Umayyads in 683. After the siege was lifted, the Kharijites were disappointed by Ibn al-Zubayr's refusal to denounce the late Caliph ?Uthm?n and returned to Basra. There they were imprisoned by the Umayyad governor ?Ubayd All?h ibn Ziy?d . When the Basrans rose up and overthrew Umayyad rule, the prisoners were freed. Ibn al-Azraq led many of them to Ahvaz , denouncing the townsmen as "polytheists" . ^[1] Ibn Ib?? remained in Basra, ^[1] His father, Ib?? ibn ?Amr al-Tam?m?, seems to have been the first leader of the moderates who refused to secede with Ibn al-Azraq. ^[2]

Ibn Ib?? succeeded his father ^[2] and wrote a defence of those Kharijites who stayed behind. ^[1] By defending the Basrans against the charge of polytheism and accusing them of no more than "ingratitude", he justified the decision of true Muslims to live among them. According to Ab? Mikhnaf , who died in 774 and is the earliest source on Ibn Ib??'s life, Ibn Ib?? also wrote against the intermediate position of ?Abd All?h ibn al-?aff?r, founder of the Sufri sect. According to al-Mad??in? , Ibn Ib?? also received opposition from Ab? Bayhas , founder of the Bayhasiyya sect, who took a position closer to Ibn al-Azraq's. ^[1]

The dispute over Ibn al-Azraq's hijra to Ahvaz is the last known event in Ibn Ib??'s life. Ib??? tradition itself contains no further biographical details. It does ascribe to Ibn Ib?? two surviving letters addressed to the Umayyad caliph ?Abd al-Malik . Recent scholarship has questioned their authenticity. Even Ibn Ib??'s position as the leader of the first Ib???s has come into question. His contemporary, J?bir ibn Zayd (died 712), is given even greater prominence in later tradition. One of the letters ascribed to Ibn Ib?? has been reassigned to J?bir ibn Zayd and its recipient identified as ?Abd al-Malik ibn al-Muhallab, head of the Azd tribe to which J?bir belonged. ^[1]

References [ edit ]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Wilferd Madelung, "?Abd All?h ibn Ib?? and the Origins of the Ib??iyya", in Barbara Michalek-Pikulska and Andrzej Pikulski (eds.), Authority, Privacy and Public Order in Islam: Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of L'Union Europeenne des Arabisants et Islamisants (Leuven: Peeters, 2006), pp. 51?58.
^ ^a ^b Wilferd Madelung, "Early Ib??? Theology", in Sabine Schmidtke (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), p. 242.

[WM-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Wilferd Madelung, "?Abd All?h ibn Ib?? and the Origins of the Ib??iyya", in Barbara Michalek-Pikulska and Andrzej Pikulski (eds.), Authority, Privacy and Public Order in Islam: Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of L'Union Europeenne des Arabisants et Islamisants (Leuven: Peeters, 2006), pp. 51?58.

[WM2-2] Wilferd Madelung, "Early Ib??? Theology", in Sabine Schmidtke (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), p. 242.

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