Father of Muhammad
-
- Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib
- ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????
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Born
| c.
546 CE
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Died
| c.
570 (aged 23–24)
Medina
, Hejaz
(present-day Saudi Arabia)
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Resting place
| Dar-ul-Nabeghah
, Medina
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Occupation(s)
| Merchant and clay-worker
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Spouse
| Amina bint Wahb
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Children
| Muhammad
(son)
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Parents
| |
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Relatives
| Brothers
:
Sisters
:
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Family
| Banu Hashim
of
Quraysh
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Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib
(
;
Arabic
:
??? ???? ?? ??? ??????
,
romanized
:
?Abd All?h ibn ?Abd al-Mu??alib
;
c.
546?570
) was the father of the
Islamic prophet
Muhammad
.
[1]
[2]
He was the son of
Abd al-Muttalib
ibn
Hashim
and
Fatima bint Amr
of the
Makhzum Clan
.
[3]
He was married to
?minah bint Wahb
.
[4]
Muhammad
was their only offspring.
Name
[
edit
]
?Abd
All?h
means "servant of
God
" or "slave of
God
". His full name was ?Abdull?h ibn
?Abd al-Mu??alib
ibn
H?shim ('Amr)
ibn
Abd Man?f (al-Mugh?ra)
ibn
Qusayy (Zayd)
ibn
Kil?b
ibn Murra ibn Ka`b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Gh?lib ibn
Fahr (Quraysh)
ibn M?lik ibn
an-Na?r (Qays)
ibn
Kin?nah
ibn
Khuzaymah
ibn Mudrikah ('?mir) ibn
Ilyas
ibn
Mu?ar
ibn Niz?r ibn
Ma'?d
ibn
'Adn?n
.
[5]
Marriage
[
edit
]
His father chose for him ?minah daughter of
Wahb ibn 'Abd Mun?f
who was the grandson of
Zuhrah ibn Kilab
, the brother of his great-great-grandfather
Qusayy ibn Kil?b
. Wahb had been the chief of
Banu Zuhrah
as well as its eldest and noblest member but had died some time previously and ?minah became a ward of his brother Wuhaib, who had succeeded him as chief of the clan.
His father went with him to the quarter of Ban? Zuhrah. There, he sought the residence of Wuhayb and went in to ask for the hand of Wahb's daughter for his son. 'Abdull?h's father fixed his marriage with Aminah.
[6]
It was said that a light shone out of his forehead and that this light was the promise of a Prophet as offspring. Many women approached 'Abdull?h, who is reported to have been a handsome man, so that they might gain the honor of producing his offspring. However it is believed that, as decided by God, the light was destined to be transferred to ?minah through 'Abdull?h after consummating the marriage.
[7]
After marrying Aminah Bint Wahb, Abdullah Ibn Abd al-Muttalib lived with her for three days; it was their custom that a man could live for three nights only with his wife in her father's family.
[8]
Wedding alongside his Father
[
edit
]
At the wedding ceremony, Abd al-Muttalib chose Wuhayb's daughter Halah for himself. When Abd al-Muttalib proposed to Wuhayb, he agreed. And so on the same occasion Abd al-Muttalib and Abdullah married Halah and Amina respectively. Later, Hala gave birth to Hamza, who was Muhammad's both uncle and foster brother.
[9]
Death
[
edit
]
Soon after his marriage, 'Abdull?h was called to
Syria
(in what is
Ash-Sh?m
or the
Levant
) on a trading caravan trip. When he left, ?minah was pregnant
[
citation needed
]
. He spent several months in
Gaza
, and on his return trip he stopped for a longer rest with the family of his paternal grandmother,
Salma bint Amr
, who belonged to the
Najjar clan
of the
Khazraj tribe
in
Medina
. 'Abdull?h was preparing to join a caravan to Mecca when he fell ill. The caravan went on without him to Mecca with news of his illness. Upon the caravan's arrival in Mecca, 'Abdul-Muttalib immediately sent his eldest son
Al-Harith
to Medina. However by the time al-Harith arrived, 'Abdull?h had died. Al-Harith returned to Mecca to announce 'Abdull?h's death to his aged father and his pregnant wife ?minah
[
citation needed
]
. According to Ibn Sa'd, Abdullah died three months after his marriage and was twenty-five years old when he died.
[10]
[11]
He was buried in Dar-ul-Nabeghah in
Medina
(today
Saudi Arabia
), and
his mausoleum was demolished
on the 20th or 21 January 1978. Reportedly he was reburied in
Al-Baqee' Graveyard
, next to
Muhammad's son Ibrahim
.
[
citation needed
]
Estate
[
edit
]
'Abdull?h left five camels, a herd of sheep and goats, and an
Abyssinian
slave nurse, called
Umm Ayman
, who was to take care of his son
Muhammad
.
[12]
This patrimony does not prove that 'Abdull?h was wealthy, but at the same time it does not prove that he was poor. Rather, it shows that Muhammad was his heir. Furthermore, 'Abdull?h was still a young man capable of working and of amassing a fortune. His father was still alive and none of his wealth had as yet been transferred to his sons.
[13]
Fate in the afterlife
[
edit
]
Islamic scholars have long been divided over the religious beliefs of Muhammad's parents and their fate in the afterlife.
[14]
One transmission by
Abu Dawud
and
Ibn Majah
states that
Allah
(
God
) refused to forgive ?minah for her
kufr
(disbelief). Another transmission in
Musnad al-Bazzar
states that Muhammad's parents were brought back to life and accepted Islam, then returned to the
Barzakh
.
[15]
: 11
Some
Ash'ari
and
Shafi'i
scholars argued that neither would be punished in the afterlife, as they were
Ahl al-fatrah
, or "People of the interval" between the prophetic messages of
'Isa
(
Jesus
) and
Muhammad
.
[16]
The concept of
Ahl al-fatrah
is not universally accepted among Islamic scholars, and there is debate concerning the extent of salvation available for active practitioners of
Shirk
(
Polytheism
),
[17]
though the majority of scholars have come to agree with it, and disregard
[14]
the
hadith
(narrations)
[18]
[19]
that state that Muhammad's parents were condemned to hell.
While a work attributed to
Abu Hanifah
, an early
Sunni
scholar, stated that both ?minah and 'Abdull?h died upon their innate nature (
Mata 'ala al-fitrah
),
[20]
some later authors of
mawlid
texts related a tradition in which ?minah and 'Abdull?h were temporarily
revived
and embraced Islam. Scholars like
Ibn Taymiyyah
stated that this was a lie, though
Al-Qurtubi
stated that the concept did not disagree with Islamic theology.
[16]
According to
Ali al-Qari
, the preferred view is that both the parents of Muhammad were Muslims.
[15]
: 28
According to
Al-Suyuti
,
Isma'il Haqqi
, and other Islamic scholars, all of the narrations indicating that the parents of Muhammad were not forgiven were later abrogated when they were brought to life and accepted Islam.
[15]
: 24
Shia Muslims
believe that all of Muhammad's ancestors, ?minah included, were
monotheists
who practiced the shariah of
Abraham
, and were therefore entitled to
Paradise
. A Shia tradition states that
Allah
forbade the fires of
Hell
from touching either of Muhammad's parents.
[21]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Ibn Hisham note 97.
- ^
Muhammad ibn Saad,
Tabaqat
vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995).
The Women of Madina
. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^
Muhammad ibn Sa'ad.
Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir
. Translated by Haq, S. M. (1967).
Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir Volume I Parts I & II
, pp. 99-100. Delhi: Kitab-Bhavan.
- ^
Al-A'zami, Muhammad Mustafa
(2003).
The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments
. UK Islamic Academy. pp. 22?24.
ISBN
978-1-8725-3165-6
.
- ^
"SunniPath Library - Books - Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum - the Lineage and Family of Muhammad"
. Archived from
the original
on 2006-02-23
. Retrieved
2006-01-08
.
- ^
Cook, Michael.
Muhammad
. Oxford University Press: New York, 1983.
ISBN
0-19-287605-8
.
- ^
Ibn Kath?r
The Life of the Prophet Mu?ammad : Volume 1
. Trans. Prof. Trevor Le Gassick. Garnet Publishing: Lebanon, 1998.
ISBN
1-85964-142-3
.
- ^
Ibn sa'ds "kitab al tabaqat al kabir", vol- 1, pakistan historical society, page- 101-102.
- ^
Ibn Sa'd/Haq p. 102.
- ^
Ibn Sa'd/Haq pp. 107-108,94,108.
- ^
Armstrong, Karen (1993).
Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet
.
San Francisco
, the
U.S.A.
: Harper San Francisco.
ISBN
978-0062508867
.
- ^
Ibn Sa'd/Haq p. 109.
- ^
Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Martin Lings, George Allen & Unwin, 1983, p24
- ^
a
b
Brown, Jonathan A.C.
(2015).
Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
. Oneworld Publications. pp.
188
-189.
- ^
a
b
c
Mufti Muhammad Khan Qadri,
The Parents of the Prophet Muhammad were Muslims
, Suffah Foundation, pp. 11?28
- ^
a
b
Holmes Katz, Marion (2007).
The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam
.
Routledge
. p.
126
-128.
ISBN
978-1-1359-8394-9
.
- ^
Rida, Rashid. "2:62".
Tafsir al-Manar
. pp. 278?281. Archived from
the original
on 2018-11-05
. Retrieved
2018-11-06
.
- ^
Sahih Muslim 203/ In-book - Book 1, Hadith 406/ Book 1, Hadith 398
.
- ^
Sunan Abi Dawud 4718/ In book: Book 42, Hadith 123/ English translation Book 41, Hadith 4700
.
- ^
Dr. `Inayatullah Iblagh al-Afghanistani,
Refuting the Claim that Imam Abu Hanifa was of the opinion that the Prophet's Parents were Kafirs
, Masud
- ^
Rubin, Uri (1975). "Pre-Existence and Light?Aspects of the Concept of Nur Muhammad".
Israel Oriental Studies
.
5
: 75?88.
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