1916 film by Herbert Brenon
A Daughter of the Gods
is a 1916 American
silent
fantasy
drama film
written and directed by
Herbert Brenon
. The film was controversial because of the sequences of what was regarded as superfluous nudity by the character Anitia, played by Australian swimming star
Annette Kellermann
. The scene is regarded as the first complete
nude scene
by a major star, which occurred during a waterfall sequence, though most of Kellerman's body is covered by her long hair.
[4]
It was filmed by
Fox Film Corporation
in
Kingston, Jamaica
, where huge sets were constructed.
[5]
Background
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]
Brenon served as writer of this original scenario/screenplay for the film. However, he more than likely saw and was influenced by
David Belasco
and
John Luther Long
's 1902 Broadway play
The Darling of the Gods
starring
Blanche Bates
, Robert T. Haines, and young
George Arliss
, which has a similar theme of reward for rescuing a child and a large ensemble cast. The play differs in that it is set in
feudal Japan
while the movie is backdropped in an undersea kingdom, not unlike
Atlantis
.
Brenon made aspects of the play cinematic (underwater sequences, Kellerman's nudity, etc.) in an obvious effort to avoid charges of
plagiarism
of Belasco's play and hence a lawsuit.
[6]
[7]
[8]
Plot
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A
sultan
agrees to help an evil
witch
destroy a mysterious beauty if the witch will bring his young son back to life.
Cast
[
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]
Production
[
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]
After receiving the film assignment with its budget limit of $1 million, director Brenon visited the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
in
New York City
where he was inspired by paintings such as
A Dream of the Arabian Nights
by
Villegas
. The opening scene of the film was claimed to be a composite of
Cabanel's
The Birth of Venus
and
Coypel's
Venus Frolicking in the Sea with Nymphs
.
[9]
The film is credited as the first US production to cost at least $1 million ($19.3 million in 2023) to produce,
with actual costs just exceeding $1.1 million ($21.3 million in 2023).
[1]
Studio head
William Fox
was so incensed with the cost of production he removed Herbert Brenon's name from the film. However, Brenon sued to have his name restored to the film's credits, and won.
[11]
Advertising for the film would often note its million dollar cost.
Great cost was afforded to make a sanitary of mosquito-proofing over a section of
Kingston, Jamaica
. Sets consumed 2,500 barrels (400 m
3
) of plaster, 500 barrels (79 m
3
) of
cement
, 2,000,000 board feet (5,000 m
3
) of lumber, and ten tons of paper. Director Herbert Brenon employed 20,000 people during the eight months of production and used 220,000 feet (67,000 m) of film to shoot the picture.
[12]
The Moorish city cost $350,000 ($6.77 million in 2023) to build, and was destroyed in one climactic scene.
[1]
The total number of persons appearing in it was 21,218, which included 200 mermaids, and 300 dancing girls and women of the Sultan's harem.
[1]
The 100 women recruited from the US and Europe to portray nymphs underwent weeks of training by Kellerman to swim using a single stroke
in unison
and to avoid unnecessary splashing.
[13]
An original score was composed for the film by
Robert Hood Bowers
, which was played by an orchestra during each screening. It was considered the most memorable film score up to that time.
[14]
Reception
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]
The existing film censorship boards in the United States and Canada and the
National Board of Review
passed the film in spite of its brief nudity scene, calling it artistic.
[15]
[16]
Fox made general distribution of the film for the 1916 December holiday season. President
Wilson
and his
wife
, to celebrate their first wedding anniversary, attended the film's December 18, 1916 showing at the Belasco Theater, where it opened in Washington, D.C. Prior to this, the Wilsons had only seen films shown at the White House.
[17]
it reportedly made a net profit of $1.35 million.
[2]
Preservation
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]
With no prints of
A Daughter of the Gods
located in any film archives, it is considered a
lost film
.
[18]
[19]
[20]
See also
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]
Notes
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]
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Silver Loving Cup Is Presented to Fox at Premier; Opening Night of
Daughter of the Gods
Is Celebrated by Gift of Wonderful Tiffany Creation About the Size of a Fat Lilliputian"
.
Motion Picture News
.
14
(18). New York City: Motion Picture News, Inc.: 2820 4 November 1916
. Retrieved
28 March
2021
.
- ^
a
b
"Big Picture Costs and Road Show Profits"
.
Variety
. 18 March 1925. p. 27
. Retrieved
20 March
2022
.
- ^
Hall, Sheldon
; Neale, Stephen (2010).
Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History
. Wayne State University Press. p. 42.
ISBN
978-0-8143-3008-1
.
- ^
Robertson, James Crighton (1993).
The Hidden Cinema: British Film Censorship in Action, 1913-1975
. Routledge. pp. 9?10.
ISBN
0-415-09034-2
.
- ^
"A Daughter of the Gods"
.
afi.com
. Retrieved
March 23,
2024
.
- ^
Magill's Survey of Cinema; Silent Films
Essays 1 A-Fla
A Daughter of the Gods
, p. 361, Salem Press c.1981 by Frank Magill
- ^
The Darling of the Gods
as produced on Broadway Dec. 3, 1902 - May 1903, Belasco Theatre; IBDb.com
- ^
Pictorial History of the American Theatre; 1860-1970
, p. 71, c. 1970 by Daniel Blum (reprint edition of 1953 original)
- ^
"New Method of Creating Big Drama: Director Brenon Fills
A Daughter of the Gods
with Lilting Rhythm"
.
Motography
.
16
(1). Chicago, Illinois: Electricity Magazine Corp.: 27?28 1 July 1916
. Retrieved
26 March
2021
.
- ^
Thompson, Frank T. (1996).
Lost Films: Important Movies That Disappeared
. Citadel, Carol Publ. Group. p. 60.
ISBN
0-806-51604-6
.
- ^
Thompson, Frank (1996).
Lost Films: Important Movies That Disappeared
. U.S.A.: Citadel Press. p. 58.
ISBN
0-8065-1604-6
.
- ^
"Mermaid Ballet in Fox Spectacle: Annette Kellerman Leads 100 Girls in Aquatic Feats"
.
Motography
.
16
(2). Chicago, Illinois: Electricity Magazine Corp.: 91 8 July 1916
. Retrieved
26 March
2021
.
- ^
Altman, Rick (2004).
Silent Film Sound
. Columbia University Press. p. 299.
ISBN
0-231-11662-4
.
- ^
"Censors Commend Fox Films"
.
Motography
.
16
(26). Chicago, Illinois: Electricity Magazine Corp.: 1381?82 23 December 1916
. Retrieved
27 March
2021
.
- ^
"National Board of Review Passes
A Daughter of the Gods
; Committee Viewing the Kellermann Spectacle Sends Fox Congratulatory Letter on His Conforming to the Requirements of the Body"
.
Motion Picture News
.
14
(11). New York City: Motion Picture News, Inc.: 1523 9 September 1916
. Retrieved
29 March
2021
.
- ^
"President Attends Picture Show: Accompanied by Mrs. Wilson He Sees Initial Presentation in Capital City of William Fox's
A Daughter of the Gods
"
.
Moving Picture World
.
31
(1). New York City: Chalmers Publishing Co.: 61 6 January 1917
. Retrieved
27 March
2021
.
- ^
"American Silent Feature Film Database:
A Daughter of the Gods
"
. Library of Congress
. Retrieved
March 23,
2024
.
- ^
"Progressive Silent Film List:
A Daughter of the Gods
"
. silentera.com
. Retrieved
March 23,
2024
.
- ^
"
A Daughter of the Gods
at TheGreatStars.com; Lost Films Wanted"
. TheGreatStars.com. Archived from
the original
on 2014-12-25
. Retrieved
2024-03-23
.
References
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External links
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]