From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
1314
(
MCCCXIV
) was a
common year starting on Tuesday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1314th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 314th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 14th year of the
14th century
, and the 5th year of the
1310s
decade. As of the start of 1314, the Gregorian calendar was 8 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January – March
[
edit
]
- January 17
– Queen Oljath, who had been the Queen consort of the
Kingdom of Georgia
as wife of
King Vakhtang II
(d. 1292), and then his cousin,
King David VIII
(d. 1302), marries a third time, taking as her husband Qara Sonqur, Governor of
Maragheh
(now in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran), in exchange for a
dowry
of 30,000 dinars.
[1]
- January 21
– (3 Shawwal 713 AH)
Muhammad III of Granada
, who had been the Sultan from 1302 to 1309, is murdered by being drowned in the pool of the Dar al-Kubra, on orders of his brother, the Sultan Nasr.
[2]
Nasr himself is forced to abdicate 18 days later.
- February 8
– (21 Shawwal 713 AH) In what is now part of
Spain
,
Abu al-Juyush Nasr ibn Muhammad
is forced to abdicate as the ruler of the
Emirate of Granada
by his nephew,
Abu'l-Walid Ismail I ibn Faraj
, who is proclaimed at the
Alhambra
as the new Sultan.
- February 27
– Walter de Godeton, Lord of Chale, is convicted of theft arising from the April 20, 1313 incident of the plundering of wine from a ship wrecked on the
Isle of Wight
, and fined 287 marks.
- March 18
–
Jacques de Molay
, Grand Master of the
Knights Templar
and
Geoffroy de Charney
, are by orders of King
Philip IV of France
(Philip the Fair) taken to an island on the
River Seine
and
burned at the stake
in front of
Notre-Dame de Paris
. Jacques declares his innocence and that the Templar Order is also innocent of all the charges of
heresy
. It is said that Jacques predicts the deaths of both Philip and Pope
Clement V
within the year.
[3]
- March
–
Tour de Nesle Affair
: After confirmation that two of his sons' wives are engaged in
adultery
, King Philip IV the Fair of France orders the arrest of his daughters-in-law,
Margaret of Burgundy
(the wife of
Prince Louis X
);
Blanche of Burgundy
(wife of
Prince Charles of Valois
), and
Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
(wife of
Prince Philip V
). The arrests come after the accusations of King Philip's daughter,
Isabella, Queen consort of England
, and surveillance of the Tower of Nesle.
[4]
The two knights arrested for adultery,
Philip of Aunay
and Walter of Aunay, are imprisoned as well. Joan II is charged with being an accessory for being aware of the crime and not reporting it, and put under house arrest until after King Philip's death later in the year. Blanche is imprisoned at the
Chateau Gaillard
until 1322. Margaret will die of illness in prison a year later, and five months after technically becoming Queen consort of France.
[5]
Philip of Aunay and Walter of Aunay will be tortured and executed.
[6]
April – June
[
edit
]
- April 4
–
Exeter College
in
England
is founded by Bishop
Walter de Stapledon
, as a school to educate clergy.
- April 19
–
Philip of Aunay
and his older brother Walter de Aunay, convicted of adultery with Margaret of Burgundy and Blanch of Burgundy, respectively, both of whom are two daughters-in-law of King Philip IV of France, are executed. The manner of their execution is particularly brutal, following torture at the Place du Grand Martroy in
Pontoise
.
[7]
- April 20
– Pope
Clement V
dies after an 9-year
pontificate
at
Roquemaure
. During his reign, Clement reorganizes and centralizes the administration of the
Catholic Church
.
[8]
- May 1
– The
papal conclave
to elect a successor to Pope Clement V begins at the
Carpentras Cathedral
with 23 Roman Catholic cardinals in attendance, of whom the votes of 16 are necessary to elect a new Pontiff. The cardinals are divided into three factions, none of which have more than eight people, with a group from
Italy
(led by Guillaume de Mandagot), who want to move the papacy back to
Rome
; nine from
Gascony
, most of whom are relatives of Pope Clement (led by
Arnaud de Pellegrue
); and five from
Provence
(led by
Berengar Fredol
). The Italian cardinals walk out three months later after being harassed and threaten to elect their own Pope. The conclave will not meet again for two years, during which time there is no Pope.
- May 14
– In Italy, more than 50 of the
Fraticelli
spiritualists of the Franciscan order of Tuscany are
excommunicated
from the Roman Catholic Church by the Archbishop of Genoa after refusing to return to obedience to the Pope.
[9]
- June 17
– English forces led by King
Edward II
leave
Berwick-upon-Tweed
to march to
Stirling Castle
. They cross the
River Tweed
at
Wark
and
Coldstream
and march west across the flat
Merse of Berwickshire
towards
Lauderdale
. In
Earlston
, Edward uses a road through the
Lammermuir Hills
(an old
Roman road
) practical for the wheeled transport of a long supply train as well as the cavalry and infantry.
[10]
- June 19
– English forces march to the environs of
Edinburgh
, here Edward II waits for the wagon train of over 200 baggage and supply wagons ? which straggle behind the long columns, to catch up. At the nearby port of
Leith
, English supply ships land stores for the army ? who will be well rested before the 35-mile march that will bring them to Stirling Castle, before the deadline of
June 24
.
[11]
- June 23
– English forces approach the Scottish positions at
Torwood
, mounted troops under
Gilbert de Clare
are confronted by Scottish forces and repulsed. During the fierce fighting,
Henry de Bohun
is killed in a duel by King
Robert the Bruce
. Edward II and forward elements, mainly cavalry, encamp at
Bannockburn
. The baggage train and the majority of the forces arrive in the evening.
[12]
- June 24
–
Battle of Bannockburn
: Scottish forces (some 8,000 men) led by
Robert the Bruce
defeat the English army at Bannockburn. During the battle, the Scottish pikemen formed in
schiltrons
(or
phalanx
) repulses the English cavalry (some 2,000 men). Edward II flees with his bodyguard (some 500 men), while panic spreads among the remaining forces, turning their defeat into a rout.
[13]
[14]
- June 25
– Edward II arrives at
Dunbar Castle
, and takes safely a ship to
Bamburgh
in
Northumberland
. His mounted escort takes the coastal route from
Dunbar
to Berwick.
[15]
July – September
[
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]
October – December
[
edit
]
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
Africa
[
edit
]
- Amda Seyon I
, known as "the Pillar of Zion" begins his reign as
Emperor of Ethiopia
, during which he expands into Muslim territory to the southeast. He enlarges his kingdom by incorporating a number of smaller states.
[21]
By topic
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 21
–
Muhammad III
, Nasrid ruler (
sultan
) (b.
1257
)
- January 30
–
Nicholas III of Saint Omer
, Latin nobleman
- February 8
–
Helen of Anjou
, queen of
Serbia
(b.
1235
)
- February 10
–
Riccardo Petroni
, Italian cardinal (b.
1250
)
- March 4
–
Jakub ?winka
, Polish priest and archbishop
- March 18
- April 20
–
Clement V
, pope of the
Catholic Church
(b.
1264
)
- May 3
–
Emilia Bicchieri
, Italian nun and prioress (b.
1238
)
- May 31
–
James Salomoni
, Italian priest, prior and saint (b.
1231
)
- June 23
–
Henry de Bohun
, English nobleman, knight and duelist
- June 24
– (
Battle of Bannockburn
)
- Gilbert de Clare
, English nobleman, knight and peerage (b.
1291
)
- Giles d'Argentan
, Norman nobleman, favourite and knight (b.
1280
)
- Robert Clifford
, English nobleman, knight and High Sheriff (b.
1274
)
- William de Vescy
, Norman nobleman, knight and peerage (b.
1296
)
- William Marshal
, English nobleman, knight and
Marshal of Ireland
- September 30
–
Yolanda I
, French noblewoman and ruler (
suo jure
) (b. 1257)
- October 21
–
Geoffrey de Geneville
, English nobleman and diplomat (b.
1226
)
- November 20
–
Albert II the Degenerate
, German ruler and knight (b.
1240
)
- November 25
–
Nicholas "the Child"
, German nobleman and knight (b.
1261
)
- November 29
–
Philip IV the Fair
,
King of France
from the
House of Capet
, in a hunting accident (b.
1268
)
- date unknown
- Ahmed al-Ghubrini
, Algerian scholar, biographer and chronicler (b. 1264)
- Alan la Zouche
, English nobleman, knight, governor and steward (b.
1267
)
- Alexander Bonini
, Italian Minister General, philosopher and writer (b.
1270
)
- Ermengol X
, Spanish nobleman and adviser (
House of Cabrera
) (b.
1254
)
- Guo Shoujing
, Chinese astronomer, mathematician and politician (b. 1231)
- Henry Percy
, English nobleman, landowner, magnate and knight (b.
1273
)
- John Balliol
("Toom Tabard"), king of
Scotland
(
House of Balliol
) (b.
1249
)
- Nicholas III
, Hungarian nobleman and
Master of the Treasury
(b.
1285
)
- Nik?
, Japanese
Buddhist
monk, teacher and religious leader (b.
1253
)
- Rainier I
, Genoese nobleman and knight (
House of Grimaldi
) (b. 1267)
- Sanggye Pal
, Tibetan teacher and Imperial Preceptor (
dishi
) (b. 1267)
- Stephen I Kotromani?
, Bosnian nobleman (
ban
) and ruler (b.
1242
)
- Takezaki Suenaga
, Japanese nobleman, retainer and
samurai
(b.
1246
)
- Violante Manuel
, Spanish noblewoman and princess (
infanta
) (b.
1265
)
- William Devereux
, English nobleman, landowner and knight (b.
1244
)
- Zhu Shije
(or "Hanqing"), Chinese mathematician and writer (b. 1249)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
W.B. Fisher,
The Cambridge History of Iran
(Cambridge University Press, 1968) p.403
- ^
"Muhammad III"
, by Francisco Vidal Castro, in
Diccionario Biografico electronico
(Real Academia de la Historia (ed.)
- ^
Elizabeth A. R. Brown (2015). "Philip the Fair, Clement V, and the end of the Knights Templar: The execution of Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charny in March".
Viator
.
47
(1): 229?292.
doi
:
10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109474
.
- ^
Alison Weir,
Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England
(Pimlico, 2006) p.92,99
- ^
Jacqueline Broad and Karen Green,
Virtue, Liberty, and Toleration: Political Ideas of European Women, 1400?1800
(Springer, 2007) p.8
- ^
Gillmeister, Heiner (1998).
Tennis: A Cultural History
, pp. 17?21. London: Leicester University Press.
ISBN
978-0-7185-0147-1
.
- ^
Didier Audinot,
Histoires effrayantes
(Editions Grancher, 2006)
- ^
Menache, Sophia (2002).
Clement V
, p. 2. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
0-521-52198-X
.
- ^
William H. Brackney,
Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity
(Scarecrow Press, 2012) p. 131
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's great victory
, pp. 38?39.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's great victory
, p. 39.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's great victory
, pp. 54?55.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's great victory
, pp. 70?71.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
Black, Andrew (24 June 2014).
"What was the Battle of Bannockburn about?"
.
BBC
. Retrieved
21 March
2019
.
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's great victory
, p. 79.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:
Bannockburn 1314 ? Robert Bruce's great victory
, p. 83.
ISBN
1-85532-609-4
.
- ^
Helle, Knut (1964).
Norge blir en stat, 1130?1319
(Universitetsforlaget).
ISBN
82-00-01323-5
.
- ^
Barrow, Geoffrey W. S. (1988).
Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland
, p. 231. Edinburgh University Press.
- ^
Gerhard Heitz and Henning Rischer,
Geschichte in Daten: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
("History in Data: Mecklenburg-West Pomerania") (Koehler & Amelang, 1995) p.177
- ^
Gabor Agoston (2021).
The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe
. Princeton University Press. p. 543.
ISBN
9780691159324
.
- ^
Brian L. Fargher (1996).
The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia, 1927-1944
. University of Aberdeen. p. 11.
ISBN
9789004106611
.
- ^
"Crimean Tatar Architecture"
. International Committee for Crimea
. Retrieved
2011-02-20
.
- ^
Mote, Frederick W. (1999).
Imperial China, 900-1800
, p. 550. Harvard University Press.
ISBN
978-0-674-01212-7
.