From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the year 1312. For the anti-police slogan, see
ACAB
.
Calendar year
Year
1312
(
MCCCXII
) was a
leap year starting on Saturday
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
.
Events
[
edit
]
January – March
[
edit
]
- January 13
– English royal favourite
Piers Gaveston
, having returned secretly from two months exile on the continent, is reunited, probably at
Knaresborough Castle
, with King
Edward II
, who on January 18 restores all Gaveston's confiscated lands to him. They plan to travel to
Scotland
to seek help from King
Robert the Bruce
.
- February 7
– In Scotland,
Dungal MacDouall
is forced to surrender
Dumfries Castle
to the forces of King Robert the Bruce.
[1]
Despite having helped in the murder of King Robert's brothers in 1308, Dungal is allowed to go into exile rather than being put to death.
- February 20
–
Oljaitu
, the Ikhanate of the Mongol Empire's territory in the Middle East, carries out a purge of corrupt officials, with the arrest and execution of his vizier, Sa'd al-Din Savaji and one of Sa'd al-Din's closest aides, Taj al-Din Avaji,
- February 29
– The division of
Greater Poland
(Wielkopolska) is carried out by the sons of
Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau
, with Konrad I and Bolesław receiving the eastern portion of Henry III's lands, and Henry IV, Jan and Przemko II retaining the rest.
- March 9
–
Beatrice, Countess of Montfort
, French noblewoman and co-ruler of
Montfort
, dies and is succeeded as Countess by her daughter
Yolande of Dreux
, former Queen consort of Scotland and wife of
Arthur II, Duke of Brittany
.
- March 22
–
Pope Clement V
, under pressure from King
Philip IV of France
, officially disbands the Order of the
Knights Templar
at the
Council of Vienne
, issuing the bull
Vox in excelso
. The Order's property and monetary assets are given to a rival order, the
Knights Hospitaller
. Meanwhile,
Jacques de Molay
, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is held in prison in
Paris
, where he is forced to commit false confessions.
[2]
April – June
[
edit
]
- April 4
– At the
Council of Vienne
in France,
a future Christian Crusade against a Muslim nation
is approved by the 180 participants in the 15th Roman Catholic ecumenical council (including 20 cardinals and 122 bishops), convened by Pope
Clement V
. While agreeing that a Crusade should take place within one year, the parties disagree over where it should take place, with suggestions of attacking the Spanish
Emirate of Granada
, the
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
, or the Sultanate of Egypt. Although
tithes
will be collected from Catholic churches to support the venture, the proposed crusade never takes place.
[3]
- April 10
– The threat of a takeover by the Kingdom of France against the sovereign French
Archdiocese of Lyon
is ended when the
Archbishop Pierre de Savoie
signs a treaty granting King Philip the Fair the authority to administer the Lyon courts and law enforcement system.
[4]
- April 14
– In Germany,
Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen
signs the Treaty of Tangermunde after having been captured by
Waldemar the Great
of
Brandenburg
. Under the treaty, Meissen cedes
its territory between the Elbe River and the Elster River
to Brandenburg, and Frederick the Brave pays 32,000 silver coins to Waldemar.
[5]
- May 1
–
Mladen II ?ubi? of Bribir
becomes the new
Ban of Croatia
upon the death of his father,
Paul I ?ubi?
.
- May 2
– Pope Clement V orders the confiscation of all property of the Knights Templar in the papal bull
Ad providam
.
[6]
- May 4
– Edward II and Piers Gaveston are at
Newcastle upon Tyne
when they are alerted to the news of an English force under
Henry Percy
and
Robert Clifford
is heading for them. They manage to escape to
Scarborough Castle
.
[7]
- May 6
– The
Council of Vienne
(convened in the southeastern French town of
Vienne
, in the modern-day departement of
Isere
) is closed by
Pope Clement V
almost seven months after opening on October 16. During its session, the
Knights Templar
organization was outlawed, the matter of a posthumous trial against the late Pope Boniface VIII was tabled and forgotten about, and a pledge was made to raise tithes and offerings for a new crusade to someday be made against the Muslims. A medieval historian, John of Saint-Victor, writes later that "It was said by many that the council was created for the purpose of extorting money."
[6]
- May 13
–
Frederick IV
becomes the new
Duke of Lorraine
upon the death of his father,
Theobald II
.
- May 19
– Scarborough Castle is captured by English forces under the command of
Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
after a two week siege with the surrender of
Piers Gaveston
, after Aymer gives his word that Gaveston will not be harmed.
- May 28
– After the
Emir
Abu al-Juyush Nasr
of
Granada
asks for help from King
Ferdinand IV of Castile
, the
Kingdom of Castile
's forces, commanded by
Peter of Castile, Lord of Cameros
, Ferdinand's son of
King Sancho IV
, defeats the rebel Granadan Governor of Malaga,
Abu Said Faraj
in battle. Abu Said is allowed to retain his post as Governor of Malaga and resumes paying tributes to the Emir.
[8]
- June 15
–
Battle of Rozgony
: Hungarian forces led by King
Charles I
defeat the family of Palatine
Amadeus Aba
near
Rozgony
. During the battle, Charles losses his royal standard, but is reinforced by German mercenaries from
Ko?ice
(now part of the
Republic of Slovakia
). The rebel army is routed, and Charles extends his power base in
Hungary
. His position is secured and resistance (reduced by the magnates' opposition) against Charles' rule comes to an end.
[9]
- June 19
– One month after surrendering Scarborough Castle to the Earl of Pembroke and having his life spared, Piers Gaveston is executed at
Blacklow Hill
after having been taken hostage by
Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick
and put in a dungeon at
Warwick Castle
.
[10]
- June 29
–
Henry VII
is crowned emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire
in the
Lateran Palace
, since
St Peter's Basilica
is occupied by Romans hostile to him.
July – September
[
edit
]
- July 6
(1
Showa
, 2nd day of 6th month) – Hirotoki Hojo becomes the regent for the Kamakura Shogunate in Japan.
- July 8
– In Italy,
Francesco I Pico
, Lord of
Mirandola
, is captured at Baggiovara by Guelph rebels in
Bologna
, while on his way home to Mirandola after being invested by the
Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VII
as imperial vicar. Pico is imprisoned for the next nine months before being released to resume his Lordship.
- July 13
- August 27
– In France,
Jean III
, nicknamed "John the Good" becomes the new
Duke of Brittany
upon the death of his father,
Arthur II
.
- September 7
– King
Ferdinand IV of Castile
dies after a 17-year reign and is succeeded by his one-year-old son
Alfonso XI
. King Alfonso's mother,
Queen consort Constance
, becomes
regent
.
- September 27
– The
Charter of Kortenberg
is signed, and is possibly the first constitution which allows democratic decisions in feudal mainland
Europe
.
October – December
[
edit
]
- October 13
–
Ozbeg Khan
, the Mongol ruler of much of Russia, demands that the Middle East Mongol ruler Oljaitu cede to him the
Azerbaijan
territory of modern-day
Iran
.
- October 31
–
Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
abandons his campaign against
Florence
.
- November 9
–
Otto III
,
Duke of Lower Bavaria
and former King of Hungary, dies at his capital at
Landshut
(
Niederbayern
). Otto had shared power with his two brothers
Louis III
(who died in 1296) and
Stephen I
(who died in 1310), and the only heirs are the minor children of Stephen, 7-year-old
Henry XIV
and 5-year-old
Otto IV
, and Otto's 2-month-old son
Henry XV, Duke of Bavaria
.
- November 13
– Four years after the marriage of King
Edward II of England
and Queen consort
Isabella
, an heir to the throne is born at
Windsor Castle
, and will be christened four days later.
Prince Edward
. Upon the death of Edward II in 1327, his son will be crowned King Edward III at the age of 14.
- December 7
–
Michael II
,
Syrian Orthodox patriarch of Antioch
, dies after a service of 20 years. Michael III Yeshu will be elected his successor.
[11]
- December 13
–
John Hotham
is appointed as the new
Chancellor of the Exchequer
in England by King Edward and serves for three and a half years.
- December 15
– In Germany,
Henry II the Lion
, ruler of
Mecklenburg
, succeeds in his conquest of the
Lordship of Rostock
, at the time a
protectorate
of
King Eric VI Menved of Denmark
.
- December 23
– At
Avignon
in France,
Pope Clement V
elevates nine bishops, all French, to the position of Roman Catholic cardinals. The nine include Jacques d'Euse, Bishop of Avignon, who will be elected
Pope John XXII
as Clement's successor in 1316.
[12]
By place (date unknown)
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
Middle East
[
edit
]
Africa
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 23
–
Isabella of Villehardouin
, Latin princess (b.
1263
)
- March 9
–
Beatrice
, French noblewoman and co-ruler (b.
1249
)
- March 10
–
Casimir of Bytom
, Polish nobleman (
House of Piast
)
- May 1
–
Paul I
, Croatian nobleman, knight and oligarch (b.
1245
)
- May 13
–
Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine
, German nobleman (b. 1263)
- June 19
–
Piers Gaveston
, English nobleman and knight (b.
1284
)
- August 27
–
Angelo da Foligno
, Italian priest (b.
1226
)
- September 7
–
Ferdinand IV
, king of
Castile
and
Leon
(b.
1285
)
[19]
- October 27
- October 28
–
Elisabeth of Carinthia
, queen of
Germany
(b.
1262
)
- October 29
–
Landolfo Brancaccio
, Italian aristocrat and cardinal
- November 2
–
Afonso of Portugal
, Portuguese prince (b. 1263)
- November 6
–
Christina von Stommeln
, German nun (b.
1242
)
- November 9
–
Muj? D?ky?
, Japanese
Buddhist
monk (b.
1227
)
- December 7
–
Michael II
, Syrian Orthodox patriarch of
Antioch
[11]
- December 13
–
John the Parricide
, German nobleman (b.
1290
)
- Eschiva of Ibelin
, Outremer noblewoman and co-ruler (b.
1253
)
- Guido della Torre
, Italian nobleman and rebel leader (b.
1259
)
- Malatesta da Verucchio
, Italian nobleman and knight (b.
1212
)
- Reginald le Chen
, Scottish nobleman and high sheriff (b.
1235
)
- Siemowit of Dobrzy?
, Polish prince and knight (House of Piast)
- Valdemar IV
, Danish nobleman and knight (
House of Estridsen
)
- Xenia of Tarusa
, Russian noblewoman and princess (b.
1246
)
- Zayn al-Din al-Amidi
, Arab scholar, academic, jurist and writer
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Michael Penman,
Robert the Bruce: King of the Scots
(Yale University Press, 2014) pp.130-131
- ^
Martin, Sean (2005).
The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order
, p. 142. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press.
ISBN
978-1-56025-645-8
.
- ^
Sophia Menache,
Clement V
(Cambridge University Press, 1998) p.115
- ^
"Lyons", by Pierre-Louis-Theophile-Georges Goyau, in
The Catholic Encyclopedia
, ed. by Charles Herbermann (Robert Appleton Company, 1910)
- ^
Karl Friedrich von Kloden,
Diplomatische Geschichte des Markgrafen Waldemar von Brandenburg vom Jahre 1295 bis 1323
("Diplomatic History of Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg from 1295 to 1323") (M. Simion, 1844) p. 109
- ^
a
b
Malcolm Barber,
The Trial of the Templars
(Cambridge University Press, 2012a) pp. 259-271
- ^
Maddicot, J. R. (1970).
Thomas of Lancaster, 1307?1322
, pp. 123?124. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ISBN
978-0-19-821712-1
.
- ^
Joseph F. O'Callaghan,
The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait
(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011)
- ^
Rady, Martyn C. (2000).
Nobility, land and service in medieval Hungary
, p. 51. University of London.
ISBN
978-0-333-80085-0
.
- ^
Hamilton , J. S. (1988).
Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, 1307?1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II
, pp. 92-93. Detroit; London: Wayne State University Press.
ISBN
978-0-8143-2008-2
.
- ^
a
b
Barsoum, Ephrem
(2003).
The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences
. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. p. 488.
- ^
"Cardinals of the 14th Century", by Salvador Miranda, in
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
- ^
Lock Peter (2013).
The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
, p. 125. Routledge.
ISBN
9781135131371
.
- ^
Nicol, Donald M (1993).
The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261?1453
, p. 139. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-0-521-43991-6
.
- ^
J.J. Saunders, "History of the Mongol Conquests," page 144
- ^
Josef W. Meri, "Medieval Islamic Civilization," page 573
- ^
Bernard Grun,
The Timetables of History
, p. 185. Simon & Schuster, 3rd ed, 1991.
ISBN
0671749196
.
- ^
"BBC - History - Edward III"
.
www.bbc.co.uk
. Retrieved
19 July
2020
.
- ^
"Ferdinand IV | king of Castile and Leon"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
18 July
2020
.
- ^
"Influential Figures: Cardinal Gentile Partino da Montefiore (1240 ? 1312)"
.
montefioredellaso.com
. Retrieved
2019-07-19
.