Military unit
The
94th Regiment of Foot
was a
British Army
line infantry
regiment
, raised as the Scotch Brigade in October 1794. It was renumbered as the 94th Regiment of Foot in December 1802 and disbanded in December 1818. The regiment was reformed in December 1823 and served until 1881 when it amalgamated with the
88th Regiment of Foot
to form the
Connaught Rangers
.
History
[
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]
Formation
[
edit
]
The regiment was raised, from officers who had previously served in the
Scots Brigade
, by General
Francis Dundas
as the
Scotch Brigade
on 9 October 1794.
[1]
[2]
The regiment embarked for
Gibraltar
in November 1795
[3]
and then moved on to
South Africa
in 1796
[3]
before transferring to India in late 1798.
[3]
The regiment landed at
Madras
in January 1799
[3]
and saw action at the
Battle of Mallavelly
in March 1799
[4]
and the
siege of Seringapatam
in April 1799 during the
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
.
[5]
It was renumbered as the
94th Regiment of Foot
in December 1802.
[2]
It also took part in the
Battle of Argaon
in November 1803
[5]
and the
Capture of Gawilghur
in December 1803 during the
Second Anglo-Maratha War
.
[6]
At Gawilghur, Captain Campbell led the light company of the regiment up the assault ladders and over the walls of the fort, which had previously been considered impregnable, and then let the rest of the British force in through the main gate.
[6]
The regiment embarked for home in October 1807.
[7]
Napoleonic Wars
[
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]
The regiment sailed for
Jersey
in April 1809 and was then embarked for
Portugal
in August 1809 for service in the
Peninsular War
.
[7]
It landed in
Lisbon
in February 1810 and arrived to take part in the
defence of Fort Matagorda
a few days later.
[8]
Captain
Archibald Maclaine
led a detachment of 155 men who held back Marshal
Soult
with a force of 8.000 men. Maclaine was knighted for this exploit and promoted to Major.
[9]
The regiment then saw action at the
Battle of Sabugal
in April 1811,
[10]
the
Battle of Fuentes de Onoro
in May 1811
[10]
and the
siege of Ciudad Rodrigo
in January 1812.
[10]
After that it fought at the
siege of Badajoz
in March 1812,
[10]
the
Battle of Salamanca
in July 1812
[10]
and the
siege of Burgos
in September 1812
[10]
as well as the
Battle of Vitoria
in June 1813.
[11]
It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the
Battle of Nivelle
in November 1813,
[12]
the
Battle of the Nive
in December 1813
[13]
and the
Battle of Orthez
in February 1814
[14]
as well as the
Battle of Toulouse
in April 1814.
[14]
It embarked for
Cork
in May 1814 and was disbanded in
Dublin
in December 1818.
[15]
The Victorian era
[
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]
The regiment was reformed in
Glasgow
(and subsequently confirmed as the successor of the predecessor formation with full continuity of battle honours),
[a]
in response to the threat posed by the
French intervention in Spain
, in December 1823.
[16]
Of the initial appointments, two of the officers had previous service in the 94th Regiment of Foot (Major Allan and Captain Bogle).
[15]
The regiment was posted to Gibraltar in April 1824
[17]
and it was presented with its new
regimental colours
in April 1825
[17]
before being sent to
Malta
in March 1832.
[17]
It returned to Ireland in November 1834.
[18]
The regiment was posted to
Ceylon
in October 1838,
[18]
then moved to
Cannanore
in April 1839
[18]
and served in the
Madras Presidency
for fifteen years during which time it saw some action suppressing the
Mappila riots
in summer 1849.
[19]
The regiment embarked for England in March 1854.
[20]
Some volunteers departed for service in the
Crimean War
in November 1854
[21]
and the service companies left for Gibraltar in September 1855.
[21]
The main body of the regiment embarked for
Karachi
in November 1857
[22]
and then transferred to
Peshawar
in the
North-West Frontier
region in October 1858.
[22]
The regiment embarked for home again in January 1868.
[23]
The regiment embarked for South Africa in spring 1879 and saw action at the
Battle of Ulundi
in July 1879 during the
Anglo-Zulu War
.
[10]
The regiment marched into the
Transvaal
and took part in the successful attack on
Sekukuni
's stronghold on 28 November 1879 during the
Basuto Gun War
.
[10]
Two
Victoria Crosses
were awarded to members of the regiment for their conduct during this action.
[24]
The regiment remained in South Africa with its eight companies widely distributed throughout the Transvaal, garrisons being established in
Pretoria
(E and G companies),
Lydenburg
(A and F companies),
Wakkerstroom
(C company),
Marabastad
(B company),
Standerton
(H company) and
Newcastle
in northern Natal (D company). It was during the re-concentration of the companies, in response to outbreaks of civil disorder by the Boers, that A and F companies were attacked at
Battle of Bronkhorstspruit
in December 1880 in the opening clash of the
First Boer War
: the two companies saw 156 of their soldiers killed or wounded, with the rest taken prisoner.
[25]
The other six companies of the regiment spent the war being besieged by the Boers: C, D and H in Standerton, E and G in Pretoria, B in Marabastad, and a small detachment of 50 men in Lydenburg.
[26]
As part of the
Cardwell Reforms
of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 94th was linked with the
89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot
and assigned to district no. 65 at
Gough Barracks
in
Armagh
.
[27]
On 1 July 1881 the
Childers Reforms
came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the
88th Regiment of Foot
to form the
Connaught Rangers
.
[2]
Battle honours
[
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]
Battle honours won by the regiment were:
[2]
Victoria Crosses
[
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]
Colonels of the Regiment
[
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]
Colonels of the Regiment were:
[2]
- Scotch Brigade
- 94th Regiment of Foot
- 94th Regiment of Foot
- Regiment reformed in 1823
- 1823?1829: Gen. Sir
Thomas Bradford
, GCB, GCH
- 1829?1831: Lt-Gen. Sir
John Keane, 1st Baron Keane
, GCB, GCH
- 1831?1834: Maj-Gen.
Sir James Campbell
, KCB, KCH
- 1834?1838: F.M. Sir
John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton
, GCB, GCMG, GCH
- 1838?1847: Gen.
Sir Thomas McMahon, Bt.
, GCB
- 1847?1853: Lt-Gen. Sir
William Warre
, CB
- 1853?1854: Maj-Gen. William Staveley, CB
- 1854: Lt-Gen. Henry Thomas, CB
- 1854?1855: Lt-Gen. Hon. Henry Edward Butler
- 1855?1866: Gen. George Powell Higginson
- 1866?1872: Gen. Sir Edward Walter Forestier-Walker, KCB
- 1872?1879: Gen. Henry Jervis
- 1879: Gen.
Richard William Penn Curzon-Howe, 3rd Earl Howe
, GCVO, CB
- 1879?1881: Gen. Sir John Thornton Grant, KCB
Notes
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References
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]
- ^
Historical record, p. 246
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
"94th Regiment of Foot"
. regiments.org. Archived from
the original
on 20 June 2006
. Retrieved
14 August
2016
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Historical record, p. 248
- ^
Historical record, p. 249
- ^
a
b
Historical record, p. 251
- ^
a
b
Historical record, p. 252
- ^
a
b
Historical record, p. 253
- ^
Historical record, p. 254
- ^
Sinclair, Alexander Maclean (1899).
The Clan Gillean
. Charlottetown: Haszard and Moore. p. 275.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
"94th Regiment of Foot: Locations"
. Regiments.org. Archived from
the original
on 16 June 2006
. Retrieved
18 March
2017
.
- ^
Historical record, p. 563
- ^
Historical record, p. 565
- ^
Historical record, p. 566
- ^
a
b
Historical record, p. 567
- ^
a
b
Historical record, p. 569
- ^
Graves, Donald E.
"Where Have All the Regiments Gone? The Modern Descendants of the Regiments of the 1815 British Army: 61st to 104th Foot"
. Napoleon Series
. Retrieved
18 March
2017
.
- ^
a
b
c
Historical record, p. 570
- ^
a
b
c
Historical record, p. 571
- ^
Historical record, p. 573
- ^
Historical record, p. 575
- ^
a
b
Historical record, p. 576
- ^
a
b
Historical record, p. 577
- ^
Historical record, p. 580
- ^
"No. 24814"
.
The London Gazette
. 24 February 1880. p. 832.
- ^
Castle (2005), p. 27
- ^
Castle, Ian (December 2001), "An Imperial Progress - The 94th Regiment in Zululand",
The Journal of the Anglo Zulu War Historical Society
- ^
"Training Depots"
. Regiments.org. Archived from
the original
on 10 February 2006
. Retrieved
16 October
2016
.
- ^
a
b
"No. 24814"
.
The London Gazette
. 24 February 1880. p. 832.
Sources
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Further reading
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]
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Regimental titles in
italics
indicate they were disbanded or renumbered before 1881.
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