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Army level command of the German Army in World War I
Military unit
The
5th Army
(
German
:
5. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 5 / A.O.K. 5
) was an
army
level command of the
German Army
in
World War I
. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the
VII Army Inspection
. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war.
[1]
History
[
edit
]
In August 1914 the command of 5th Army was assigned to
Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany
, heir to the
Hohenzollern
throne, with General
Schmidt von Knobelsdorf
serving as his chief of staff, and would remain thus until late 1916. The opening hostilities on the
Western Front
saw the Crown Prince's 5th Army, along with the neighboring 4th Army (commanded by
Albrecht, Duke of Wurttemberg
), acting at the center of the
Schlieffen plan
attack into Belgium and France. On 21 August 1914, in what became known as the
Battle of the Ardennes
, the 4th and 5th Armies advanced into the
Ardennes
to counter a thrust by the French 3rd and 4th Armies. Over the next two days 5th Army played a major part in halting the opposing French forces. By 23 August, after taking heavy losses and being outmaneuvered strategically, the two French armies were driven into retreat. Following the German 5th Army's victory in the
Battle of the Ardennes
it moved to
Verdun
, where it would remain until 1918. In February 1916 the Crown Prince's 5th Army would launch
Operation Gericht
, the German offensive that began the
Battle of Verdun
, one of the bloodiest and longest battles in history. Late in 1916, after suffering terrible losses in its efforts at
Verdun
, General
Max von Gallwitz
assumed control of 5th Army. Before the close of the war 5th Army fought in several noteworthy actions, including the
Battle of Saint-Mihiel
, in September 1918, when it was defeated by the
American Expeditionary Force
under
John J. Pershing
. The Fifth Army continued to oppose the AEF's
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
until the Armistice of 11 November 1918. At the end of the war it was serving as part of
Heeresgruppe Gallwitz
.
[2]
Order of Battle, 30 October 1918
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]
By the end of the war, the 5th Army was organised as:
Commanders
[
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]
The 5th Army had the following commanders during its existence:
[4]
Glossary
[
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]
- Armee-Abteilung
or Army Detachment in the sense of "something detached from an Army". It is not under the command of an Army so is in itself a small Army.
[6]
- Armee-Gruppe
or Army Group in the sense of a group within an Army and under its command, generally formed as a temporary measure for a specific task.
- Heeresgruppe
or
Army Group
in the sense of a number of armies under a single commander.
See also
[
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]
References
[
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]
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Cron, Hermann (2002).
Imperial German Army 1914?18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]
. Helion & Co.
ISBN
1-874622-70-1
.
- Ellis, John; Cox, Michael (1993).
The World War I Databook
. Aurum Press Ltd.
ISBN
1-85410-766-6
.
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Numbered Armies
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Armee-Abteilung
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Named Armies
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