Military unit
The
36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot
was an
infantry
regiment of the
British Army
, raised in 1701. Under the
Childers Reforms
it amalgamated with the
29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot
to form the
Worcestershire Regiment
in 1881.
[2]
[3]
[4]
Its lineage is continued today by the
Mercian Regiment
.
[5]
History
[
edit
]
Formation
[
edit
]
The unit was raised on the outbreak of the
War of the Spanish Succession
: on 28 June 1701
William III
issued a warrant to
William Caulfeild, 2nd Viscount Charlemont
to raise a
regiment of foot
in
Ireland
.
[6]
It was the successor to a previous regiment raised by Charlemont in 1694 for Irish service.
[7]
William died in March 1702 and his successor,
Queen Anne
, issued a further warrant declaring that
Charlemont's Regiment of Foot
was to be one of six newly formed regiments to be equipped for "sea service".
[6]
Early service: the War of the Spanish Succession
[
edit
]
The regiment was selected to form part of an Anglo-Dutch force under the command of the
Duke of Ormonde
that was to make an assault of the southern coast of Spain. They moved from Ireland to the
Isle of Wight
in June 1702, embarking for
Cadiz
in the following month. They landed on 15 August, but the force failed to take the
City of Cadiz
, and the regiment left Spain on 24 September, sailing for the
West Indies
. They returned to Ireland in 1704.
[8]
In April 1705 Charlemont's Regiment left Ireland once more, forming part of an expeditionary force led by the
Earl of Peterborough
. The force landed in
Catalonia
in August, and the regiment took part in the
Siege of Barcelona
, with the city falling in October. In April 1706 the regiment helped relieve
Barcelona
which was under siege by a Franco-Spanish force. On 10 May 1706 Viscount Charlemont was replaced as colonel by Thomas Allnutt, within the unit becoming
Allnutt's Regiment of Foot
.
[9]
Allnutt's Regiment was engaged in a number of minor engagements in
Valencia
and
Murcia
throughout the rest of 1706. In April 1707 they became part of a force of English, Portuguese, Dutch and Spanish troops under the command of the
Marquis of Minas
and
Earl of Galway
, suffering defeat at the
Battle of Almansa
. The regiment was nearly destroyed, with Colonel Allnutt wounded and taken prisoner.
[10]
In September 1707 Allnutt was permitted to return to England as part of a prisoner exchange.
[7]
He was instructed to obtain to travel to
Cheshire
to enlist new recruits to rebuild his regiment, with
Chester
and
Nantwich
chosen as the places of enlistment. This was recognised as an effective re-raising of the regiment.
[10]
On the death of Thomas Alnutt on 7 May 1708,
Archibald Campbell, Earl of Ilay
, become colonel on 23 March 1709, with the unit becoming the
Earl of Ilay's Regiment of Foot
.
[10]
[11]
[12]
In 1710 Ilay resigned and the unit became
Disney's Regiment of Foot
when Henry Disney became colonel on 23 October.
[13]
[14]
In 1711 Disney's Regiment was part of a 5,000 strong force dispatched to
North America
as part of the
Quebec Expedition
. On 30 July they sailed from
Boston
for the
St Lawrence River
. The expedition ended in failure, and Disney's Regiment returned to England, arriving in
Portsmouth
on 9 October.
[7]
[15]
In 1712
Louis XIV
of France signed a peace treaty with Queen Anne of Great Britain. As part of the provisions, Louis ceded the Port of
Dunkirk
, and Disney's Regiment landed there on 8 July, relieving the French garrison. They were stationed in Dunkirk when the
Treaty of Utrecht
ending the war, was signed in the following year.
[7]
[15]
1715 Jacobite rising
[
edit
]
In the spring of 1714 Disney's Regiment returned to England, proceeding later in the year to Ireland where it was transferred onto the Irish Establishment, an arrangement that allowed for both lower rates of pay and a smaller number of troops. On 11 July 1715
William Egerton
was appointed colonel of the regiment, which thus became
Egerton's Regiment of Foot
.
[16]
When the
Jacobite rising
broke out in Scotland in August 1715, Egerton's Regiment moved to
Stirling
under the command of the
Duke of Argyll
. They fought in the largely inconclusive
Battle of Sheriffmuir
where they were overrun and forced to retreat.
[4]
[16]
The regiment remained in Scotland until 1718, based in Stirling and
Dumbarton
.
[16]
In 1718 the regiment returned to Ireland, and in the following year moved to England where they became
Hotham's Regiment of Foot
when
Sir Charles Hotham, 4th Baronet
became colonel. They returned to Ireland in 1720. The regiment remained on garrison duties in Ireland and England until 1739, changing its name as new colonels were appointed:
Pocock's Regiment of Foot
(
John Pocock
) in December 1720,
Lenoe's Regiment of Foot
(Charles Lenoe) in 1721,
Moyle's Regiment of Foot
(Brigadier General
John Moyle
) in 1732 and
Bland's Regiment of Foot
(
Humphrey Bland
).
[17]
War of Jenkins' Ear
[
edit
]
During 1739 tensions rose between Great Britain and the
Spanish Empire
. Bland's Regiment was recalled from Ireland to England in September 1739 and war broke out on 23 October 1739. In 1740 they sailed to the
West Indies
, arriving in
Dominica
where there were large losses due to
dysentery
. On 9 January 1741 James Fleming became colonel, and the renamed
Fleming's Regiment of Foot
arrived in
Jamaica
later in the month.
[3]
[7]
The regiment took part in the unsuccessful two-month-long assault on
Cartagena
. They returned to Great Britain in 1743.
[3]
[4]
[18]
War of the Austrian Succession
[
edit
]
Soldier of the 36th Foot in 1742
By 1744 Britain found itself involved in a wider conflict, the
War of the Austrian Succession
. Fleming's Regiment was dispatched to
Flanders
where the formed part of the garrison of
Ghent
. In the following year there was a second
Jacobite rising
in Scotland, reaching
Edinburgh
by January 1746. They fought at the
Battle of Falkirk
and played a small part in the
Battle of Culloden
that ended the uprising.
[3]
[5]
In the following year the regiment returned to Flanders where they were part of the force under the
Duke of Cumberland
defeated by the French at the
Battle of Lauffeld
. The unit took part in a number of minor operations until the war was ended by the
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
in October 1748.
[19]
The regiment returned to England in 1749 where its establishment was reduced before it was sent to
Gibraltar
to form part of the garrison there. Following the death of James Fleming,
Lord Robert Manners
became colonel in March 1751.
[19]
Numbering
[
edit
]
On 1 July 1751 a royal warrant was issued which provided that in future regiments would no longer be known by their colonel's name, but would bear a regimental number based on their precedence.
[19]
Lord Manners' Regiment
duly became the
36th Regiment of Foot
.
[19]
In 1754 the 36th Foot returned to Great Britain, stationed in Scotland until late 1755 when they moved to southern England.
[20]
Seven Years' War
[
edit
]
On 18 May 1756 Britain declared war on France, beginning a conflict that became known as the
Seven Years' War
. On 25 August, the 36 Foot was authorised to raise a second
battalion
. The two battalions were encamped as part of a defensive force at
Barham Downs
,
Kent
. In 1758 the second battalion was reconstituted as the
74th Regiment of Foot
. The 74th saw service in Senegal and Jamaica until its disbandment in 1763.
[21]
In 1758 the 36th moved to the
Isle of Wight
as part of a force under the command of Major-General
John Mostyn
formed to make raids on the north French coast.
[3]
[5]
[7]
They took part in a number of assaults in
Brittany
and
Normandy
during 1758 and 1759 and again in the
Capture of Belle Ile
in 1761.
[22]
The
Treaty of Paris
of 1763 brought the war in Europe to an end.
[23]
1763?1782
[
edit
]
The 36th Foot left England in March 1764 for
Jamaica
where they remained until 1773.
[3]
The regiment was not involved in the
American War of Independence
that broke out in 1775, being stationed in Ireland from September 1775 until 1782.
[3]
[24]
On 21 August 1782, the
Commander-in-Chief of the Forces
,
Henry Seymour Conway
, issued a regulation giving an English county designation to each regiment of foot other than those with a royal title or
highland
regiments. The intention was to improve recruitment during the unpopular American War, and the
Home Secretary
,
Thomas Townshend
issued a circular letter to the
lieutenants
of
each county in England
in the following terms:
My Lord,
The very great deficiency of men in the regiments of infantry being so very detrimental to the public service, the king has thought proper to give the names of the different counties to the old corps, in hopes that, by the zeal and activity of the principal nobility and gentry in the several counties, some considerable assistance may be given towards recruiting these regiments".
[25]
The 36th Foot took a county title as the
36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot
.
[24]
India
[
edit
]
The Death of Colonel Moorhouse at the Storming of the Pettah Gate of Bangalore, 1793,
Robert Home
In March 1783 the 36th Foot embarked on ships in
Portsmouth
, arriving in
Madras
in July.
[26]
The
Second Anglo-Mysore War
was entering its closing stages and the regiment took part in the relief of
Cannonore
in December 1783.
[27]
The war was ended by the
Treaty of Mangalore
in March 1784.
[27]
The 36th Foot remained in India, and in December 1789 the
Third Anglo-Mysore War
commenced.
[27]
They saw service at the
Siege of Bangalore
in 1791.
[28]
The war ended in March 1792 with the signing of the
Treaty of Seringapatam
.
[3]
[4]
In February 1793
Revolutionary France
declared war on Great Britain, and in May 1793 the 36th Foot was ordered to move into
French India
.
[29]
It took part in the capture of
Pondicherry
in August 1793,
[29]
and remained in India until 1798.
[30]
They left India in October 1798, but did not reach England until July 1799, spending three months in
Saint Helena
due to shortage of convoy ships.
[3]
[30]
Napoleonic Wars 1800?1808
[
edit
]
The 36th Foot was brought up to strength in
Winchester
by recruits from the
militia
before moving to Ireland in January 1800. They formed part of an expeditionary force under the command of Brigadier-General
Thomas Maitland
which sailed from
Cork
in June 1800, carried our a number of raids on the French coast. In July 1800 the 36th Foot moved to the island of
Menorca
in the
Mediterranean Sea
, which had surrendered to the British in 1798. The
Treaty of Amiens
, signed in March 1802, brought a temporary cessation of hostilities. As part of the treaty's terms Menorca became a Spanish possession, and in August 1802 the regiment returned to Ireland.
[3]
[7]
On 29 June 1804 the 36th Foot was authorised to raise a second battalion, recruiting in
County Durham
. The battalion was formally placed on the army establishment on Christmas Day 1804, but saw no foreign service and was disbanded in 1814.
[3]
[4]
In early 1806 the 1st Battalion 36th Foot was briefly part of the
Hanover Expedition
. In autumn 1806 the battalion was selected to form part of a special force under the command of Major-General
Robert Craufurd
. The brigade left
Falmouth
in November 1806 in great secrecy, eventually reaching South America in the following year where they took part in the attack on
Buenos Aires
. The 1st Battalion returned to Ireland in December 1807.
[3]
[7]
Peninsular War
[
edit
]
The Battle of Vimeiro: Sir Arthur Wellesley described the regiment's conduct at Vimeiro as "an example to the Army"
In August 1808 the 1st Battalion landed in
Portugal
, and was quickly engaged in action against the French at the
Battle of Rolica
on 17 August, the
Battle of Vimeiro
on 21 August. Following these early victories, the 36th served in Sir John Moore's army operating in Spain and but by the end of 1808 his army was in full retreat and, after taking part in the Retreat to Corunna, the battalion fought with the rearguard at the
Battle of Corunna
on 16 January 1809. The battle held back the French under Soult and allowed the successful embarkation of the British force, though Moore was killed during the action. The 1st/36th embarked for England on the following day.
[3]
[4]
[7]
The 1st Battalion took part in the
Walcheren Campaign
, an unsuccessful attempt to open another front in the war in Flanders. They landed on 1 August 1809 and were initially successful in capturing
Flushing
. However an epidemic of
malaria
soon swept through the troops stationed on the swampy islands, and the battalion lost more than 200 to the disease.
[31]
They returned to England in December 1809.
[32]
The 1st/36th were stationed at
Battle
,
Sussex
where they were brought up to strength before sailing from
Portsmouth
, arriving in
Lisbon
on 5 March 1811.
[32]
They formed part of an army of reinforcements as the British began a new offensive aimed at breaking the military stalemate in the Iberian peninsula. The battalion fought at the
Battle of Salamanca
on 22 July 1812 and took part in the
Siege of Burgos
from September to October 1812.
[33]
They then pursued the French Army into France fighting at the
Battle of the Pyrenees
in July and August 1813, the
Battle of Nivelle
on 10 November 1813 and the
Battle of the Nive
in December 1813 as well as the
Battle of Orthez
in February 1814 and the
Battle of Toulouse
in April 1814.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[7]
[34]
The 1st Battalion arrived back in Ireland in July 1814. On 24 October 1814 the 2nd Battalion was disbanded, with men fit for duty transferred to the 1st Battalion which became once more simply the 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot.
[3]
[34]
1815?1881
[
edit
]
For the last sixty-five years of its existence as a separate regiment, the 36th Foot was not involved in active conflict, for the most part performing garrison duties in the United Kingdom and the British Empire.
[3]
[35]
[36]
It formed part of the army occupying France from July to December 1815 and then moved to
Portsmouth
on 22 December 1815.
[37]
The regiment was sent to
Malta
in September 1817
[38]
and then on to the
United States of the Ionian Islands
in 1821,
[39]
where they suffered from much sickness, before returning to England in 1826.
[40]
The regiment was posted to
Ireland
in 1827 and then embarked for
Barbados
in 1831 although eleven men were killed in a
hurricane
on the way.
[41]
The regiment was at Barbados until 1833 when it moved to
Antigua
;
[41]
it transferred
St Lucia
in 1835 and back to Barbados in 1837.
[42]
It then moved on to North America arriving in
Nova Scotia
in 1838 and
New Brunswick
in 1839
[43]
before returning to Ireland in 1842.
[44]
The regiment moved to Northern England in 1845; a second or reserve battalion was formed at
Weedon Bec
on 28 November 1846.
[45]
It was posted back to the United States of the Ionian Islands in 1847: both battalions were stationed there during an
insurgency
. The reserve battalion was absorbed by the 1st Battalion in April 1850.
[46]
In 1851 the regiment returned to Barbados before moving on to
Trinidad
in 1852.
[47]
In 1853 it returned to Barbados and then, in 1854, it moved to Jamaica where the regiment lost a large number of men from an epidemic of
yellow fever
.
[7]
It returned home to England in 1857 and then spent a tour in Ireland from 1860 to 1863 when it was posted to
India
. It returned to England in 1875 before being posted to Ireland again in 1880.
[3]
Amalgamation
[
edit
]
Under the
Cardwell Reforms
, a "localisation scheme" for infantry regiments was introduced. This divided the United Kingdom into "brigade districts". Within each district a single depot was to be established to accommodate two regular battalions and also the local
militia
regiments. In April 1873 it was announced that the 22nd Brigade District was to consist of the counties of
Herefordshire
and
Worcestershire
, with a single depot for the
29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot
, the 36th Foot and the
Herefordshire
and
Worcestershire
Militia.
[48]
The 29th and 36th Foot were to be paired, with one regiment on active service while the other was on home duties, with the two swapping roles every few years.
[49]
A depot was established at
Norton Barracks
, near
Worcester
.
[48]
On 1 July 1881 the
Childers Reforms
came into effect and the 29th and 36th Regiments of Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the
Worcestershire Regiment
, with the militia regiments becoming the 3rd and 4th Battalions.
[50]
The amalgamated regiment inherited the traditions and battle honours of the 29th and 36th Foot.
[51]
In 1970 the Worcestershire Regiment was itself amalgamated with the
Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment)
to form the
Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment
. In another amalgamation in 2007, the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment became part of a new
large regiment
, the
Mercian Regiment
.
[4]
[5]
[7]
Facings, battle honours and motto
[
edit
]
The
facings
worn on the red coats of the regiment were green by 1742, when they were illustrated in
A Representation of the Clothing of His Majesty's Household and all the Forces upon the Establishments of Great Britain and Ireland
, commissioned by the
Duke of Cumberland
. Nine years later a royal warrant was issued on 1 July 1751 regulating the
"Colours, Cloathing &c. of the Marching Regiments of Foot"
where the facings were confirmed as green.
[19]
[52]
The 1751 warrant and subsequent regulations also set out the design of the
colours
of the regiment: the first or King's (or Queen's) colour being the
grand union
with the regimental number in the centre in
Roman numerals
and the second or regimental colour being of the facing colour with the regimental number and title in the centre.
[53]
Battle honours
came to be borne on scrolls on the regimental colour, and by 1881 the 36th Foot had received the following:
[3]
[53]
Following amalgamation the
Worcestershire Regiment
was belatedly awarded two battle honours for the service of the 36th Foot:
- Mysore: awarded in 1889 for services in southern India in 1780?1784 and 1790?1792.
[60]
- Belle Isle: awarded in 1951 for the
capture of Belle Ile
.
[61]
The regimental motto was the word "Firm". The origins of this are not certainly known, although regimental tradition stated that it had been granted in 1747 for their performance at the
Battle of Lauffeld
[62]
It was uncertain if the regiment was authorised to use the motto until new colours were ordered at the end of 1816. The regiment corresponded with
George Nayler
, the
Inspector of Regimental Colours
as to whether the motto could be emblazoned. On 6 January 1817 Nayler issued a letter stating he was satisfied that the motto had been in use at least since 1773 and it that it could be borne.
[62]
[38]
The motto was subsequently used by the Worcestershire Regiment from 1881 to 1970 and the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment from 1970 to 2007. The motto of the Mercian Regiment since 2007 has been "Stand Firm and Strike Hard", and the word "Firm" forms part of the collar badge design.
[63]
Regimental Colonels
[
edit
]
Colonels of the Regiment were:
[64]
- Viscount Charlemont's Regiment of Foot, etc.
- 36th Regiment of Foot (1751)
- 36th (the Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot (1782)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
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The British Army against Napoleon
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a
b
Swinson, Arthur (1972).
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ISBN
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b
c
d
e
f
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h
i
j
k
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2010
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a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
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12 October
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.
- ^
a
b
c
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b
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.
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b
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a
b
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a
b
c
d
e
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T F Mills.
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.
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13 October
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.
- ^
Cannon 1853, pp. 33?35
- ^
Cannon 1853 p.36
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a
b
Cannon 1853, p.37
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Oxford
and
Warwick
Kippis, Andrew (1783).
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a
b
Cannon 1853 p.77
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Cannon 1853, pp. 80?82
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b
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- ^
Historical Records of the Thirty-Sixth Regiment from 1852 to 1881
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- ^
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a
b
Cannon 1853, p.94
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Cannon 1853, p.95
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Cannon 1853, p.98
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Cannon 1853, p.100
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.
2
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10.1086/385466
.
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175254
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144285687
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.
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Sumner, Ian (2001).
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. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 3?9, 26?29.
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- ^
Awarded 16 October 1835 "in commemoration of the distinguished services of the Regiment in the several actions in which it was engaged in India, from September 1790 to September 1793."
"No. 19320"
.
The London Gazette
. 30 October 1835. p. 1998.
- ^
a
b
Awarded 1833
"No. 19085"
.
The London Gazette
. 17 September 1833. p. 1693.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Awarded 1816
"No. 17163"
.
The London Gazette
. 13 August 1816. p. 1576.
- ^
a
b
Awarded 1825
"No. 18199"
.
The London Gazette
. 3 December 1825. p. 2213.
- ^
Awarded 1836
"No. 19358"
.
The London Gazette
. 19 February 1836. p. 335.
- ^
Awarded 1815
"No. 17005"
.
The London Gazette
. 22 April 1815. p. 748.
- ^
"Naval and Military Intelligence".
The Times
. 5 March 1889. p. 11.
- ^
Leslie, N B (1970).
Battle Honours of the British and Indian Armies, 1695?1914
.
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. p. 21.
ISBN
0-85052-004-5
.
- ^
a
b
The regimental tradition stated that the motto was granted by Field Marshal
Lord Stair
. However he had died two months before the battle.
Scully, Louis.
"The Motto "Firm"
"
.
The Worcestershire Regiment
. Retrieved
13 October
2012
.
- ^
"Regimental Customs and Traditions"
(PDF)
. The Mercian Regiment
. Retrieved
13 October
2012
.
- ^
"36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot"
. regiments.org. Archived from
the original
on 14 July 2006
. Retrieved
1 September
2016
.
Sources
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edit
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Regimental titles in
italics
indicate they were disbanded or renumbered before 1881.
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