New York City Subway station in Manhattan
New York City Subway station in Manhattan, New York
|
---|
|
Downtown platform
|
|
Address
| East 28th Street & Park Avenue South
New York, NY
|
---|
Borough
| Manhattan
|
---|
Locale
| Rose Hill
,
Kips Bay
|
---|
Coordinates
| 40°44′36″N
73°59′03″W
/
40.74329°N 73.984165°W
/
40.74329; -73.984165
|
---|
Division
| A
(
IRT
)
[1]
|
---|
Line
|
IRT Lexington Avenue Line
|
---|
Services
|
4
(late nights)
6
(all times)
<6>
(weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction)
|
---|
Transit
| New York City Bus
:
M1
,
M2
,
M3
,
M9
,
M15
,
M15 SBS
,
M34 SBS
,
M34A SBS
,
M101
,
M102
,
M103
,
SIM3
,
SIM6
,
SIM6X
,
SIM10
,
SIM11
,
SIM31
,
X37
,
X38
,
X63
,
X64
,
X68
MTA Bus
:
BM2
,
BM3
,
BM4
,
BxM3
,
BxM4
,
BxM6
,
BxM7
,
BxM8
,
BxM9
,
BxM10
,
BxM11
,
BxM18
,
QM21
Bee-Line Bus System
: 0028
|
---|
Structure
| Underground
|
---|
Platforms
| 2
side platforms
|
---|
Tracks
| 4
|
---|
|
Opened
| October 27, 1904
(119 years ago)
(
1904-10-27
)
[2]
|
---|
Closed
| July 16, 2018
; 5 years ago
(
2018-07-16
)
(reconstruction)
|
---|
Rebuilt
| January 14, 2019
; 5 years ago
(
2019-01-14
)
|
---|
Accessible
| Partially
ADA-accessible
(Elevator is present only in the southbound direction)
|
---|
Opposite-
direction
transfer
| No
|
---|
|
|
2023
| 2,717,163
[3]
26.8%
|
---|
|
Rank
| 127 out of 423
[3]
|
---|
|
Location
|
Show map of New York City Subway
Show map of New York City
|
|
|
Street map
|
|
|
Station service legend
|
Symbol
|
Description
|
|
Stops all times
|
|
Stops late nights only
|
|
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
|
|
|
|
28th Street Subway Station (IRT)
|
|
|
MPS
| New York City Subway System MPS
|
---|
NRHP reference
No.
| 05000230
[4]
|
---|
Added to NRHP
| March 30, 2005
|
---|
|
The
28th Street station
is a local
station
on the
IRT Lexington Avenue Line
of the
New York City Subway
. Located under
Park Avenue South
at
28th Street
in the
Rose Hill
neighborhood of
Manhattan
, it is served by
6
trains at all times,
<6>
trains during weekdays in the peak direction, and
4
trains during late night hours.
The 28th Street station was constructed for the
Interborough Rapid Transit Company
(IRT) as part of the
city's first subway line
, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes the 28th Street station started on September 12 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station's platforms were lengthened in the late 1940s.
The 28th Street station contains two
side platforms
and four tracks; express trains use the inner two tracks to bypass the station. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations, which are continued along the platform extensions. The platforms contain exits to 28th Street and Park Avenue, as well as to the
New York Life Building
. The platforms are not connected to each other within
fare control
. The station is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
.
History
[
edit
]
Construction and opening
[
edit
]
Planning for a
subway
line in New York City dates to 1864.
[5]
: 21
However, development of what would become the
city's first subway line
did not start until 1894, when the
New York State Legislature
passed the Rapid Transit Act.
[5]
: 139?140
The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by
William Barclay Parsons
, the Rapid Transit Commission's chief engineer. It called for a subway line from
New York City Hall
in
lower Manhattan
to the
Upper West Side
, where two branches would lead north into
the Bronx
.
[6]
: 3
A plan was formally adopted in 1897,
[5]
: 148
and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899.
[5]
: 161
The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by
John B. McDonald
and funded by
August Belmont Jr.
, signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900,
[7]
in which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line.
[5]
: 165
In 1901, the firm of
Heins & LaFarge
was hired to design the underground stations.
[6]
: 4
Belmont incorporated the
Interborough Rapid Transit Company
(IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.
[5]
: 182
The 28th Street station was constructed as part of the route segment from Great Jones Street to 41st Street. Construction on this section of the line began on September 12, 1900. The section from Great Jones Street to a point 100 feet (30 m) north of 33rd Street was awarded to Holbrook, Cabot & Daly Contracting Company, while the remaining section to 41st Street was done by Ira A. Shaker.
[7]
By late 1903, the subway was nearly complete, but the
IRT Powerhouse
and the system's
electrical substations
were still under construction, delaying the system's opening.
[5]
: 186
[8]
That December, workers installed the station's eight entrance and exit kiosks.
[9]
The 28th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from
City Hall
to
145th Street
on the
Broadway?Seventh Avenue Line
.
[2]
[5]
: 186
Service changes and station renovations
[
edit
]
20th century
[
edit
]
After the first subway line was completed in 1908,
[10]
the station was served by local trains along both the West Side (now the Broadway?Seventh Avenue Line to
Van Cortlandt Park?242nd Street
) and East Side (now the
Lenox Avenue Line
). West Side local trains had their southern terminus at City Hall during rush hours and
South Ferry
at other times, and had their northern terminus at 242nd Street. East Side local trains ran from City Hall to
Lenox Avenue (145th Street)
.
[11]
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the
New York Public Service Commission
proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway.
[12]
: 168
As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $49.1 million in 2023) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $16.4 million in 2023) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent.
[13]
: 15
Platforms at local stations, such as the 28th Street station, were lengthened by between 20 and 30 feet (6.1 and 9.1 m). Both platforms were extended to the north and south.
[13]
: 108
Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910.
[12]
: 168
The Lexington Avenue Line opened north of
Grand Central?42nd Street
in 1918, and the original line was divided into an H-shaped system. All local trains were sent via the Lexington Avenue Line, running along the
Pelham Line
in
the Bronx
.
[14]
In December 1922, the Transit Commission approved a $3 million project to lengthen platforms at 14 local stations along the original IRT line, including 28th Street and seven other stations on the Lexington Avenue Line. Platform lengths at these stations would be increased from 225 to 436 feet (69 to 133 m).
[15]
[16]
The commission postponed the platform-lengthening project in September 1923, at which point the cost had risen to $5.6 million.
[17]
[18]
On August 6, 1927, bombs exploded at the 28th Street station and at the
28th Street station on the Broadway Line
. Numerous passengers were injured, but there were no casualties,
[19]
although investigators initially believed one person may have been killed.
[20]
The perpetrator of the bombings is unknown; they were initially blamed on
Galleanists
(as
Sacco and Vanzetti
had been denied appeal three days prior), though police later believed they were unrelated.
[21]
[22]
[23]
With the completion of the
New York Life Building
between 26th and 27th Streets in 1928,
[24]
a new entrance opened from the building's basement to the southbound platform.
[25]
[26]
[27]
The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940.
[28]
[29]
In January 1947, the
New York City Board of Transportation
awarded a $4.003 million contract for the lengthening of platforms at the
23rd Street
, 28th Street, and
33rd Street
stations.
[30]
The preexisting passageway to the New York Life Building was converted to an extension of the southbound platform. The New York Life Company and the city shared the cost of converting the passageway into a platform.
[31]
The platform extensions at all three stations opened on April 13, 1948, after which they could accommodate ten-car trains.
[32]
In 1987, the
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
(MTA) allocated $31 million to renovate 44 stations across the subway system, including the 28th Street station.
[33]
The station's original tiles, which were peeling off, were entirely replaced.
[34]
At the fare control area, glass block walls were installed above the turnstiles.
[34]
[35]
New tiles were also installed on the floors and walls of the fare control areas.
[4]
: 8
[33]
To deter fare evaders from sneaking through the emergency exit "slam gates" at each fare-control area, electronically activated gates were installed beside the existing turnstiles.
[34]
The staircases to street level were rebuilt as well.
[4]
: 8
The work was completed by early 1989,
[33]
having been delayed by nine months because of setbacks in the delivery of new light fixtures.
[35]
21st century
[
edit
]
The 28th Street station has been listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
since 2005.
[4]
During the mid-2010s, a staircase and elevator from street level to the southbound platform was added with the construction of 400 Park Avenue South, a residential tower at the southwestern corner of Park Avenue South and 28th Street.
[36]
The tower was completed in 2015.
[37]
Under the 2015?2019 MTA Capital Plan, the station underwent a complete overhaul as part of the
Enhanced Station Initiative
, and was entirely closed for several months. Updates included cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps.
[38]
[39]
In January 2018, the NYCT and Bus Committee recommended that Judlau Contracting should receive the $125 million contract for the renovations of
57th
and
23rd Streets
on the
IND Sixth Avenue Line
, 28th Street on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, and 34th Street?Penn Station on the
IRT Broadway?Seventh Avenue Line
and
IND Eighth Avenue Line
.
[40]
However, the MTA Board temporarily deferred the vote for these packages after city representatives refused to vote to award the contracts.
[41]
[42]
The contract was put back for a vote in February, where it was ultimately approved.
[43]
The station was closed for renovations on July 16, 2018, and reopened to the public January 14, 2019,
[44]
delayed from December 2018.
[45]
Station layout
[
edit
]
Like other local stations, 28th Street has four tracks and two
side platforms
. The
6
stops here at all times,
[46]
rush-hour and midday
<6>
trains stop here in the peak direction,
[46]
and the
4
stops here during late nights.
[47]
The two express tracks are used by the 4 and
5
trains during daytime hours.
[48]
The station is between
33rd Street
to the north and
23rd Street
to the south.
[49]
The platforms were originally 200 feet (61 m) long, like at other local stations on the original IRT,
[6]
: 4
[4]
: 3
but were later extended to 520 feet (160 m).
[32]
The platform extensions are at both ends of the original platforms.
[50]
: 35
The 28th Street station is partially wheelchair-accessible, with one elevator connecting the street and the southbound platform only.
[51]
The express tracks stay level, while the local tracks slowly incline into the station to allow for the easier deceleration of local trains. As such, the express tracks are at a slightly lower elevation than the local tracks.
[4]
: 6
Design
[
edit
]
A southbound 6 train arriving prior to the station's 2019 renovation
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a
cut-and-cover
method.
[52]
: 237
The tunnel is covered by a U-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a
foundation
of
concrete
no less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick.
[4]
: 5?6
[50]
: 9
Each platform consists of 3-inch-thick (7.6 cm) concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contain
I-beam
columns spaced every 15 feet (4.6 m), while the platform extensions contain columns with white glazed tiles. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 feet (1.5 m), support the
jack-arched
concrete station roofs.
[4]
: 5?6
[6]
: 4
[50]
: 9
There is a 1-inch (25 mm) gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4-inch (100 mm)-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.
[4]
: 5?6
[50]
: 9
The
fare control
is at platform level and there are no open crossunders or crossovers. There is a closed crossunder about halfway between each platform, which was constructed during the 1940s and is sealed.
[4]
: 6
The walls along the platforms near the fare control areas consist of a brick
wainscoting
on the lowest part of the wall, with bronze air vents along the wainscoting, and white glass tiles above. The platform walls are divided at 15-foot (4.6 m) intervals by
buff
mosaic tile
pilasters
, or vertical bands. Atop the pilasters are pairs of cruciform
faience
plaques with the words
28 twenty-eighth street
, surrounded by foliate designs and rosettes. The plaque pairings are set within a frame that contains a ventilation opening between each plaque of the pair. A cornice with blue
egg-and-dart
patterns runs atop these walls.
[4]
: 6?7
The platform extensions are decorated with blue and buff tile bands, and contain blue mosaic tile plaques with the number "28" atop the pilasters. The far southern end of the southbound platform has square ceramic tiles topped by marble belt courses.
[4]
: 7
The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station.
[50]
: 31
The decorative work was performed by faience contractor
Grueby Faience Company
.
[50]
: 35
The ceilings of the fare control areas once contained plaster molding,
[50]
: 10
although this has been removed.
[4]
: 6
The fare control areas at 28th Street contain various maintenance rooms and were retiled with large rectangular ceramic blocks in 1989.
[4]
: 8
As of the 2019 renovation, the fare control areas have modern black finishes.
[53]
Two works of art have been installed in this station. The first was a glass block wall artwork at the main fare control by Gerald Marks, entitled
Seven Waves 4 Twenty-Eight
. It was installed during station renovations in 1996.
[4]
: 7
Seven Waves 4 Twenty-Eight
was replaced by
Roaming Underfoot
, a glass mosaic mural on the platform walls by
Nancy Blum
.
[54]
Roaming Underfoot
showcases flora in the
Madison Square Park Conservancy
's Perennial Collection and was installed during the 2018 renovation.
[55]
Exits
[
edit
]
"Interborough Subway" sign outside the New York Life Building
Each platform has exits to 28th Street; the northbound platform's exits are on the eastern side of Park Avenue South while the southbound platform's exits are on the western side. The only control area for the northbound platform is at the northern end of the station, at 28th Street and Park Avenue South, where four stairs lead to street level, two each to the northeastern and southeastern corners.
[4]
: 6
[56]
These stairs contain simple, modern steel railings like those seen at most New York City Subway stations.
[4]
: 6
These stairs also contain next-train countdown clocks and neighborhood wayfinding maps at the exterior of each entrance, which were installed in the 2019 renovation.
[57]
The main fare control area for the southbound platform is also at the northern end of the station. A stair leads up to 45 East 28th Street on the north side of that street, and a stair and elevator lead up to 50 East 28th Street directly across to the south.
[56]
The latter entrance replaced two staircases right outside the building, at the southwestern corner of 28th Street and Park Avenue South.
[4]
: 6
A second fare control area at the southern end of the southbound platform leads to a privately operated passageway in the basement of the
New York Life Building
, between 26th and 27th Streets.
[25]
It is only open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on weekdays.
[58]
The New York Life Building entrance has an Art Deco inspired
interborough subway
sign hanging from the facade of that building.
[4]
: 8
[58]
[59]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
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b
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b
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h
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- ^
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.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (
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- ^
a
b
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- ^
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.
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Further reading
[
edit
]
- Stookey, Lee (1994).
Subway ceramics : a history and iconography of mosaic and bas relief signs and plaques in the New York City subway system
. Brattleboro, Vt: L. Stookey.
ISBN
978-0-9635486-1-0
.
OCLC
31901471
.
External links
[
edit
]
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