20 Stycznia 1920 Street
Bydgoszcz
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![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bdg_ul20stycznia1920_42_07-2013.jpg/280px-Bdg_ul20stycznia1920_42_07-2013.jpg) View of street facades
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![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_bydg_20stycznia20.jpg/280px-Map_bydg_20stycznia20.jpg) Street path highlighted
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Native name
| Ulica 20 Stycznia 1920
(
Polish
)
|
---|
Former name(s)
| Goethe
Straße
|
---|
Namesake
| January 20, 1920
|
---|
Owner
| City of
Bydgoszcz
|
---|
Length
| 550 m (1,800 ft)Google maps
|
---|
Width
| ca. 10m
|
---|
Area
| Downtown district
|
---|
Location
| Bydgoszcz
,
Poland
|
---|
|
Construction start
| Beginning of the 20th century
|
---|
Completion
| Before 1908
[1]
|
---|
20 Stycznia 1920 Street
is located in downtown district, in
Bydgoszcz
,
Poland
. Many of the buildings along this axis are either registered on the
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
heritage list, or part of a historical ensemble of
Eclectic
and
Art Nouveau
architecture in the city.
Location
[
edit
]
Located in downtown district, the street unfolds on an approximate south?north axis, parallel to
Gda?ska street
on the west and
Staszica and Paderewskiego Streets
on the east. The southern tip of the street (odd numbers till 9) faces the agreeable
Jan Kochanowski Park
.
History
[
edit
]
On an 1876 map by Paul Berthold Jaekel, as well as on an 1880 map, the axis is drawn, without any mention of the name.
The first map to reference the street dates back to 1908,
[2]
where it is named
Goethestraße
.
In
Bromberg
's address books, the lane is mentioned in 1905 as being under construction.
[3]
The following year only three edifices are listed in
Goethestraße
:
- the
Kreishaus
, today's
Bydgoszcz Music Academy building
, at the corner of
Słowackiego Street
, then
Bismarckstraße
;
- a house at Goethestraße 8;
- a building at Goethestraße 37,
[4]
today's house at Nr.2.
Naming
[
edit
]
The pathway was known as
Goethestraße
, from its construction to 1920 and during
German occupation
(1939-1945).
The name referred to the famous German writer and statesman
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
(1749-1832).
The current name
20 Stycznia 1920 Street
, was adopted on September 13, 1921, by the city council to celebrate the date of the signature of the
Act on citizenship of the Polish State
, which came in force on January 31, 1920, and underlined the re-creation of the Polish sovereign nation.
The
communist period
modified in 1948, the name of the street to
24 January 1945
, commemorating the
liberation
of Bydgoszcz from German forces.
[5]
The street has been bearing the current name since June 26, 1989.
Main edifices
[
edit
]
Bydgoszcz Music Academy building at 7
Słowackiego Street
, corner with 20 Stycznia 1920 Street
[
edit
]
Registered on
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
heritage list
, Nr.601404-Reg.A/782/1-3 (May 8, 1992)
[6]
1904-1906
Neo-Baroque
The building has been initially erected to house the administrative services of the
district
authorities (
German
:
Kreishaus
) at the beginning of the 20th century. It now accommodates the seat of the
Bydgoszcz Music Academy - "Feliks Nowowiejski"
.
The edifice presents an
eclectic
architecture, with a predominance of
Neo-Baroque
forms.
Plot at 1
[
edit
]
The wall adorned with a
mural
of angels fences the garden of the "
Chapel of the Sisters of the Poor Clares
.
[5]
The latter is located at 56
Gda?sk Street
. The monastery was established in Bydgoszcz on September 14, 1925.
1903,
[7]
by
Rudolf Kern
[8]
Art Nouveau
In the 1906's address book, the edifice is identified as
new building
(
German
:
Neubau
), belonging to the merchant Julius Berger
[9]
and located at then
Goethestraße 37
. During the
occupation
, an annex of the
NSDAP
was housed there.
[5]
This corner house displays Art Nouveau features, especially in the ornamental details of the three
avant-corps
sections, the lean
pilasters
and the
ogee
-shape wall
dormers
, as well as the well adorned portal.
-
General view of both frontages
-
Detailed view of facade decoration
-
-
Detail of the gate ornamentation
Oskar Unverferth House at 3
[
edit
]
1907,
[7]
by
Fritz Weidner
Eclecticism
Although registered as a 1905 construction, the building is only listed in 1908. It was a commission from Oskar Unverferth, who ran a furniture factory. The designer was Fritz Weidner, a famous
city architect
in
Bydgoszcz
.
[10]
Oskar Unverferth moved there in 1908 and remained landlord till 1922.
The villa is characteristic of the
Landhaus
style that Fritz Weidner more than often applied to his realizations in Bydgoszcz. A myriad of architectural details on the asymmetrical facades (
bow windows
,
balconies
, arches,
Art Nouveau
motifs), make the villa resemble a country house. The house was entirely refurbished in 2012.
[10]
-
View from the street
-
View of upper levels
-
House Meyer at 5
[
edit
]
1906
[7]
by
Carl Meyer
Art Nouveau
On the plot at then
Goethestraße 4
,
Carl Meyer
, Bromberg building councilor and designer, had built his own house in the early 20th century.
[5]
Carl Meyer
is one of the most influential architects in the city, from the 1880s to 1912, year of his retirement from his position as building councilor. He lived there until he left Bydgoszcz in 1919.
[11]
Reflecting its neighbour at Nr.3, the villa boasts Art Nouveau references,
[12]
especially in the embellished portal of the front door, topped by an oval
transom light
.
House at 6
[
edit
]
1911,
[7]
by Emil Heydemann
[8]
Eclecticism
Hermann Draheim, a rentier, was the first landlord of this tenement in the 1910s,
[13]
located at then
Goethestraße 35
. [[Witold
Bełza]], librarian, writer, publicist, cultural activist and director of the
City Library
lived there from 1920 to 1939.
[5]
The facade reminds similar tenements built in
Dworcowa Street
45/47 in 1905/1906. Yet, here, architectural details lean on more simplicity in the making and the shape, with less Art Nouveau
motifs
.
Alfred Schleusener House at 7
[
edit
]
ca 1909
[7]
by
Alfred Schleusener
Eclecticism
Built in 1909, as mentioned on the top of the elevation, Alfred Schleusener is the first registered owner in the 1910s.
[13]
Schleusener was an active designer and builder in Bromberg/Bydgoszcz in the first half of the 20th century. In the 1920s,
Bronisław Kentzer
(1880-1939) lived there: a successful
businessman
of the city, he owned, among others, the "Kentzer's Mill", now the "Słoneczny Młyn" Hotel at 96
Jagiello?ska Street
.
[5]
The villa reflects architectural tendencies on the fringe between
Art Nouveau
and
early modernism
.
Dr Graeupner's House at 8
[
edit
]
1906?1907,
[7]
Emil and Georg Zillmann
[8]
Art Nouveau
This edifice has been commissioned by Dr Max Graeupner to Emil and Georg Zillmann, architects from Charlottenburg.
[8]
It had been accommodating Max Graeupner's clinic,
[14]
specialized in Women's diseases and obstetrics (
German
:
frauenkrankheiten und geburtshilfe
). He lived at
Dantsiger straße 38
, today's
Gda?ska Street 63
. After
First World War
, the building was still used as a medical facility, run by Dr Gli?ski.
[15]
During the
occupation
, the house was the seat of the
SA
, the paramilitary units of the
Nazi Party
.
[5]
Many elements can be highlighted: a series of floral motifs in the
pediments
and in
cartouches
, or the balconies
wrought iron
fences, as well as the characteristic Art Nouveau waved lines in the decoration of the street door.
-
Facade on the street
-
-
Architectural details
Tenement at 9
[
edit
]
1936-1938
[7]
Modern architecture
, by
Jan Kossowski
In the 1970s and 1980s, the tenement housed the Pomeranian Branch of the
Polish Press Agency
(
Polish
:
Polska Agencja Prasowa-PAP
], headed for many years by the poet Kazimierz Hoffman from Bydgoszcz.
[5]
Like many other buildings in downtown Bydgoszcz (7
Plac Wolno?ci
, 14
Kopernika Street
, 11
Ossoli?ski Alley
), this edifice is an additional and accurate instance of Polish modernism of the
interwar period
.
Tenement at 10/12
[
edit
]
ca 1906,
[7]
by Paul Bohm
[8]
Early
Modern architecture
On the 1908 Bromberg's address book,
Paul Bohm
was listed as the first owner of this vast building. Paul Bohm was a prolific architect and designer in
Bromberg
, between the 1880s and the 1910s.
-
Facade on the street
-
Detail of the gable top
Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz, at 2
Adam Mickiewicz Alley
, corner with 20 Sycznia 1920 street
[
edit
]
1948?1949, by Alfons Licznerski
Modern architecture
Hieronim Konieczka Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz
is the largest and best known
theatre
of the city. Its current director is Paweł Wodzi?ski.
Petrikowski Tenement at 14, corner with
Zamoyskiego street
[
edit
]
1906?1907,
[7]
by Victor Petrikowski
[8]
Art Nouveau
This tenement from 1906
[16]
had as first landlord Victor Petrikowski,
[14]
a carpenter and a construction entrepreneur who designed the current building. In this house lived Edward Woyniłłowicz, a Polish and Belarusian social and economic activist, who left his
eastern lands
to dwell in Bydgoszcz. He wrote there his memoirs,
Wspomnienia 1847-1928
.
[16]
The edifice has been thoroughly renovated in 2015, preserving its historic
Art Nouveau
architectural details, alongside its specific decorated interiors (staircase, ornaments and
stained glass
).
-
Facades seen from street crossing
-
Frontage on 20 Stycznia 1920
-
Art Nouveau transom light
-
-
Art Nouveau motifs
Rudolf Kern tenement at 16, corner with
Zamoyskiego street
[
edit
]
Registered on
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
heritage list
, Nr.A/1628/1-2 (February 25,)
[6]
1910,
[7]
by
Rudolf Kern
[8]
Art Nouveau
The building was first the property and abode of Rudolf Kern, the architect who designed.
[5]
This immense edifice, at the crossing with Zamoyskiego street, reveals a large
metal roof
studded with a corner
finial
,
dormers
, a
terrace
crowning the
avant-corps
which bottom is pierced by arches to make room for the majestic main entry area. The
portal
arch is covered on the inside with
coffers
and displays the oval-shaped openings specific to Art Nouveau design.
Registered on
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
heritage list
, Nr.601456-Reg.A/1080/1-2 (December 20, 1994)
[6]
1905?1906,
[7]
by
Paul Bohm
[8]
Art Nouveau
Paul Bohm, designer, was also the first owner of the tenement, which was split into renting flats.
[17]
This corner building is characterised by its towering peak topped with a
metal roof
. At street level, the fence is adorned with animal figures (rooster, owl, fish).
Tenement at 18
[
edit
]
1911,
[7]
by
Rudolf Kern
[8]
Art Nouveau
, elements of
early modernism
The edifice at then
Goethestraße 29
has been commissioned by a master mason, Mr Weiss.
[8]
In the 1930s, young
Zbigniew Raszewski
(1925-1992), a future Polish writer and theatre historian, lived there with his family.
[5]
The elevation, renovated in 2017, reveals much of a transition of architectural styles common at this period of the 1910s, between early modernism and late Art Nouveau.
Tenement at 19
[
edit
]
1910,
[7]
by
Fritz Weidner
[8]
Art Nouveau
, elements of
early modernism
The initial owner, Richard Schramke, was a decorator.
[8]
He tasked Fritz Weidner, a trendy
Bromberg
architect at that time, to realize a large building for renting purposes.
The unbalanced facade, peculiar to Art Nouveau style, is studded with
balconies
,
avant-corps
and
loggias
, but the absence of other detailed motifs challenges the uniformity of the ensemble.
Tenement at 20
[
edit
]
1911,
[7]
by Alfred Mielke
[8]
The building commissioner was Max Reschke, a master carpenter
[8]
who never lived there, but at neighbouring Nr.22.
The frontage, refurbished in 2017, displays the carved door crowned with a curved fan light and several
cartouches
,
rosettes
and other motifs in the Art Nouveau fashion.
-
Facade on the street
-
-
Door at Nr.20
Tenement at 21
[
edit
]
1912,
[7]
by
Georg Baesler
[8]
Art Nouveau
Commissioned by Jozef Grabowski, a painter,
[8]
to
Georg Baesler
; Grabowski never inhabited there. It was once the property of Erwin Wodke, co-owner of a transport company
F.Wodtke - International Furniture Transport
which stables and warehouses were located in the backyard accessible through the gateway.
[5]
Although damaged by time, the facade still exhibits
wrought iron
balconies and railings.
Tenement at 22
[
edit
]
1911,
[7]
by Alfred Mielke
[8]
Art Nouveau
Realized after an order from Max Reschke, a master carpenter, also owner of Nr.20.
[13]
His widow lived there till the 1930s.
[18]
The tenement has been thoroughly renovated in 2021.
[19]
The large facade displays scattered
rosettes
. Its two massive avant-corps are topped by terraces. There are Art Nouveau
mouldings
beneath a balcony, as well as on gable top. The main entrance door boasts a web-shaped
transom light
.
-
Facade on the street
-
Detail of the facade
-
-
Door with transom light.
Tenement at 23
[
edit
]
1912,
[7]
by
Georg Baesler
[8]
Art Nouveau
Similarly to the building at Nr.21, this one has also been commissioned by Jozef Grabowski, a painter
[8]
and realized by Georg Baesler.
Specific to this facade, one can notice two round avant-corps flanking a portal with columns and
festoon
. Both gables are embellished with floral motif mouldings and a
frieze
.
-
Facade on the street
-
Facade after renovation
-
Tenement at 24
[
edit
]
Registered on
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
heritage list
, Nr.A/379/1 (November 12, 1993)
[6]
1911,
[7]
by
Rudolf Kern
[8]
Art Nouveau
The first owner was Emil Zemisch, a building contractor.
[8]
The superb elevation, renovated in 2017, boasts myriads of Art Nouveau motifs and details, on the avant-corps, the bay-window, or on the gable and the entrance portal.
-
Restored frontage
-
Detail of the portal
Tenement at 25
[
edit
]
ca 1910,
[7]
by
Johannes Cornelius
[8]
Elements of
Art Nouveau
First landlord and commissioner was Herman Pflaum, a master engraver.
[8]
The facade is a bit deprived of its original decoration. One can still appreciate some motifs around the entrance door and at the bottom of the
avant-corps
.
-
Main frontage
-
Entrance door at Nr.25
Tenement at 14
Chodkiewicza
, corner with 26 20 Stycznia 1920 street
[
edit
]
Registered on
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
heritage list
, Nr.A/1384 (September 16, 2008)
[6]
1907,
[7]
by
Rudolf Kern
[8]
Art Nouveau
The first landlord and building commissioner was Friedrich Fiedler, a merchant.
[8]
Nicely refurbished in 2016?2017, the tenement exhibits leasing Art Nouveau details with rosettes and mouldings. A superb round gable overlooking the terrace on top of the avant-corps is adorned with representative Art nouveau motifs: a figure head, flanked by vegetal festoons. Likewise, the
transom light
over the entrance door is surrounded by a moulding with Art Nouveau features.
Tenement at 27
[
edit
]
1910,
[7]
purportedly by
Rudolf Kern
[8]
Eclecticism
A merchant, Emil Dittmann, was the first owner of the place.
[20]
He was still living there in the 1930s.
[18]
Rudolf Kern has used the same pattern for both houses at Nr.27 and 29. Two doors on the street, a gable on the right hand of the facade (triangular here) and a loggia on the left hand. Only alteration regards the bay-window in lieu of an avant-corps at Nr.29.
Tenement at 29
[
edit
]
1910,
[7]
by
Rudolf Kern
[8]
Eclecticism
Alexander Schmidt was the commissioner of the tenement.
[17]
He was director of the factory
Bromberger Maschinenfabrik Hermann Lohnert
producing machine tools, established in 1868 in
Bromberg
.
[21]
Rudolf Kern has used the same pattern for both houses at Nr.27 and 29. Two doors on the street, a gable on the right hand of the facade (ogee shaped here) and a loggia on the left hand (round topped there). Only alteration regards the avant-corps, where a bay-window is built at Nr.27.
Tenement at 41
[
edit
]
1936,
[7]
by
Jan Kossowski
Modernism
Jan Kossowski
(1898-1958) has been a very prolific Polish architect and builder, mainly associated with Bydgoszcz. His professional activity stretches from the interwar period to the 1940s.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Pharus Plan Bromberg, 1908, Pharus-Verlag GmbhH
- ^
Pharus-Verlag GmbH, Berlin SW68, Lindenstr.3
- ^
Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr
. Bromberg: Dittmann. 1905. p. 49.
- ^
Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten fur 1906 : auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
. Bromberg: Dittmann. 1906. pp. 48, 73.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
Umi?ski, Janusz (1999).
Ulica 20 Stycznia 1920 roku. Kalendarz Bydgoski
(in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miło?nikow Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 209?217.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Zał?cznik do uchwały Nr XXXIV/601/13 Sejmiku Wojewodztwa Kujawsko-Pomorskiego z dnia 20 maja 2013 r.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
Gminna Ewidencja Zabytkow Miasta Bydgoszczy. Program Opieki nad Zabytkami miasta Bydgoszczy na lata 2013-2016
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
Br?czewska-Kulesza, Daria (2004).
Nowoczesna dzielnica mieszkaniowa z pocz?tku XX w. Kronika Bydgoska T26
. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. p. 82.
- ^
Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten fur 1906
. Dittmann. 1906. p. 48.
- ^
a
b
"Willa Parkowa Historia"
.
willaparkowa.com
. willaparkowa.com. 2012. Archived from
the original
on 6 November 2016
. Retrieved
2 April
2017
.
- ^
Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten fur 1907
. Dittmann. 1907. p. 97.
- ^
Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (2007).
Miejscy radcy budowlani w Bydgoszczy w latach 1871-1912
. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytkow wojewodzkiego o?rodka kultury w Bydgoszczy. p. 11.
- ^
a
b
c
Gardiewski (1915). "Alphabetische Verzeichnter Nachweis".
Adressbuch nebst Allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten fur das Jahr 1915 : auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
. Bromberg: Dittmann. pp. 89, 262.
- ^
a
b
Gardiewski (1908). "Alphabetische Verzeichnter Nachweis".
Adressbuch nebst Allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten fur das Jahr 1908: auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
. Bromberg: Dittmann. pp. 291, 395.
- ^
Weber, Władysław (1933).
Ksi??ka Adresowa Miasta Bydgoszczy : na rok 1933
. Bydgoszcz: Władysław Weber. p. 20.
- ^
a
b
ml (25 May 2015).
"Bydgoskie kamienice mog? by? pi?kne. Ta zachwyca. S? mieszkania"
.
bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl
. bydgoszcz.wyborcza
. Retrieved
4 April
2018
.
- ^
a
b
Gardiewski (1911). "Alphabetische Verzeichnter Nachweis".
Adressbuch nebst Allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten fur das Jahr 1911: auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
. Bromberg: Dittmann. pp. 115, 457.
- ^
a
b
Weber, Władysław (1933). "Ulicy".
Ksi??ka Adresowa Miasta Bydgoszczy : na rok 1933
. Bydgoszcz: Władysław Weber. p. 20.
- ^
Lewi?ska, Aleksandra (15 May 2022).
"Pi?knieje tu kamienica za kamienic?. Pierzeja ulicy w centrum Bydgoszczy robi wra?enie"
.
bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl
. Agora SA
. Retrieved
11 September
2022
.
- ^
Gardiewski (1910). "Alphabetische Verzeichnter Nachweis".
Adressbuch nebst Allgemeinem Geschafts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten fur das Jahr 1910: auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
. Bromberg: Dittmann. p. 266.
- ^
Przemysł bydgoski w latach 1939-1945
. Bydgoszcz: Muzeum Okr?gowe im. Leona Wyczołkowskiego w Bydgoszczy. 2014. p. 21.
External links
[
edit
]
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Br?czewska-Kulesza, Daria (2004).
Nowoczesna dzielnica mieszkaniowa z pocz?tku XX w. Kronika Bydgoska T26
(in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp. 69?94.
- Umi?ski, Janusz (1999).
Ulica 20 Stycznia 1920 roku. Kalendarz Bydgoski
(in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miło?nikow Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 209?217.
53°07′54″N
18°00′45″E
/
53.13167°N 18.01250°E
/
53.13167; 18.01250
|
---|
Stare miasto district (
transl.
Old town
)
| | |
---|
?rodmie?cie district (
transl.
Downtown
)
| |
---|
Wilczak district (
transl.
Wolfdog
)
| |
---|
Wzgorze Wolno?ci district (
transl.
Freedom hill
)
| |
---|
Bocianowo district
| |
---|
Okole district
| |
---|
Skrzetusko district
| |
---|
Szwederowo district
| |
---|
Bielawy district
| |
---|
Babia Wie? district
| |
---|
Main squares
| |
---|