Legislative election held in Portugal
2022 Portuguese legislative election
|
|
|
|
Opinion polls
|
Registered
| 10,813,246
0.3%
|
---|
Turnout
| 5,564,539 (51.5%)
2.9
pp
|
---|
|
First party
|
Second party
|
Third party
|
|
|
|
|
Leader
|
Antonio Costa
|
Rui Rio
|
Andre Ventura
|
Party
|
PS
|
PSD
|
CH
|
Leader since
|
28 September 2014
|
18 February 2018
|
9 April 2019
|
Leader's seat
|
Lisbon
|
Porto
|
Lisbon
|
Last election
|
108 seats, 36.3%
|
79 seats, 27.8%
|
1 seat, 1.3%
|
Seats won
|
120
|
77
|
12
|
Seat change
|
12
|
2
|
11
|
Popular vote
|
2,302,601
|
1,618,381
[b]
|
399,659
|
Percentage
|
41.4%
|
29.1%
|
7.2%
|
Swing
|
5.1
pp
|
1.3
pp
|
5.9
pp
|
|
|
Fourth party
|
Fifth party
|
Sixth party
|
|
|
|
|
Leader
|
Joao Cotrim de Figueiredo
|
Jeronimo de Sousa
|
Catarina Martins
|
Party
|
IL
|
PCP
|
BE
|
Alliance
|
|
CDU
|
|
Leader since
|
8 December 2019
|
27 November 2004
|
30 November 2014
|
Leader's seat
|
Lisbon
|
Lisbon
|
Porto
|
Last election
|
1 seat, 1.3%
|
12 seats, 6.3%
[c]
|
19 seats, 9.5%
|
Seats won
|
8
|
6
|
5
|
Seat change
|
7
|
6
|
14
|
Popular vote
|
273,687
|
238,920
|
244,603
|
Percentage
|
4.9%
|
4.3%
|
4.4%
|
Swing
|
3.6
pp
|
1.9
pp
|
5.1
pp
|
|
|
Seventh party
|
Eighth party
|
Ninth party
|
|
|
|
|
Leader
|
Ines Sousa Real
|
Collective leadership
[d]
|
Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos
|
Party
|
PAN
|
LIVRE
|
CDS?PP
|
Leader since
|
6 June 2021
|
11 August 2019
|
26 January 2020
|
Leader's seat
|
Lisbon
|
Lisbon
|
Lisbon
(lost)
|
Last election
|
4 seats, 3.3%
|
1 seat, 1.1%
[e]
|
5 seats, 4.2%
|
Seats won
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
Seat change
|
3
|
|
5
|
Popular vote
|
88,152
|
71,232
|
89,181
|
Percentage
|
1.6%
|
1.3%
|
1.6%
|
Swing
|
1.7
pp
|
0.2
pp
|
2.6
pp
|
|
Vote winner strength by district
Results by constituency
|
|
Early
legislative elections
were held on 30 January 2022 in
Portugal
to elect members of the
Assembly of the Republic
to the
15th Legislature of the Third Portuguese Republic
.
[1]
All 230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic were up for election.
[2]
On 27 October 2021, the budget proposed by the
Socialist minority government
was rejected by the Assembly of the Republic. The
Left Bloc
(BE) and the
Portuguese Communist Party
(PCP), both of whom had previously supported the government, joined the centre-right to right-wing opposition parties and rejected the budget.
[3]
On 4 November 2021,
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
, the
President of Portugal
, announced a
snap election
to be held on 30 January 2022.
[4]
This election was the third national election held in Portugal during the
COVID-19 pandemic
- as the country held a
presidential election
(January) and
local elections
(September) in 2021
[5]
[6]
- and the fourth overall, as there was a
regional election
in the
Azores
in October 2020. The ruling national government led the local elections but suffered losses, especially in
Lisbon
.
[7]
The
Socialist Party
(PS) of incumbent Prime Minister
Antonio Costa
won an unexpected
majority government
in the Assembly of the Republic, the second in the party's history.
[8]
The PS received 41.4% of the vote and 120 seats, four seats above the minimum required for a majority.
[9]
The PS won the most votes in all districts in mainland Portugal, only failing to win the
Autonomous Region of Madeira
.
[10]
Political analysts considered the PS to have benefited from voters of the BE and the
Unitary Democratic Coalition
(CDU) casting their votes for the PS instead.
[11]
The
Social Democratic Party
(PSD) remained stable but underperformed opinion polls that had predicted a close race with the PS. The PSD won 29.1% of the vote, a slightly higher share than in 2019, and received 77 seats, two seats less than the previous election. The PSD was surpassed by the PS in districts like
Leiria
and
Viseu
, and lost
Braganca
by only 15 votes to the PS. In the aftermath of the election, party leader
Rui Rio
announced he would resign from the leadership.
[12]
CHEGA
finished in third place, winning 12 seats and 7.2% of the vote.
[13]
The
Liberal Initiative
(IL) finished in fourth place, winning 8 seats and 4.9% of the vote.
[14]
Both parties experienced a surge of voters and made gains this election, though CHEGA received 100,000 fewer votes than its leader had received in the previous year's presidential election, an election in which turnout was lower.
[15]
The BE and CDU both suffered significant losses, being surpassed by the IL and CHEGA. Their rejection of the 2022 budget was considered to be a factor in losing votes and seats, along with
tactical voting
.
[16]
The BE won 5 seats and 4.4% of the vote.
[17]
CDU won 6 seats and 4.3% of the vote, while losing seats in Evora and Santarem districts.
[18]
The
Ecologist Party "The Greens"
(PEV) lost all their seats for the first time.
[19]
[20]
The
CDS ? People's Party
(CDS?PP) lost all their seats for the first time, receiving 1.6% of the vote.
[19]
Party leader
Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos
announced his resignation.
[21]
People Animals Nature
(PAN) suffered losses as well, winning 1 seat and 1.6% of the vote, 3 fewer seats than in the previous election.
[22]
LIVRE
won 1 seat and received 1.3% of the vote, holding on to the single seat they won in the previous election, with party leader
Rui Tavares
being elected in Lisbon.
[23]
The voter turnout grew, compared with the previous election, with 51.5% of registered voters casting a ballot, despite the ongoing
COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
.
[24]
After controversies and accusations because of the counting of overseas ballots, the
Constitutional Court
forced the repetition of the election in the Europe constituency, which elects two MPs.
[25]
Therefore, the swearing in of the new Parliament and Government was delayed by a month and a half.
[26]
The rerun of the election in the overseas constituency of Europe occurred, for in person voting, on 12 and 13 March 2022, and postal ballots were received until 23 March 2022.
[27]
The final, certified results of the election were published in the official journal,
Diario da Republica
, on 26 March 2022.
[28]
Background
[
edit
]
Fall of the government
[
edit
]
The proposed budget for 2022 was rejected on 27 October 2021 by all Opposition parties, with the expection of PAN and two Independent MPs, and with the then PS minority being the only one voting in favour.
[29]
Prime Minister
Antonio Costa
said to Members of Parliament, in his speech before the final vote, that he would not resign and would ask for a "stable, reinforced and lasting new majority" in the early elections.
[30]
2022 State Budget debate:
Socialist
MPs voting in favour.
2022 State Budget debate: Opposition MPs voting against.
After the Parliamentary vote,
President
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
started hearing parties and convened the
Council of State
, thus deciding to dissolve Parliament and call a snap election for 30 January 2022.
[4]
Leadership changes and challenges
[
edit
]
Liberal Initiative
[
edit
]
Early in December 2019, the
Liberal Initiative
(IL) elected a new leader after their previous leader,
Carlos Guimaraes Pinto
, stepped down. Their sole MP,
Joao Cotrim de Figueiredo
, was elected as leader with 96% of the votes in the party's convention.
[31]
The results were the following:
Social Democratic Party
[
edit
]
The Social Democrats (PSD), the largest opposition party, held a two-round leadership election on 11 January and 18 January 2020. Three candidates were in the race: incumbent PSD leader
Rui Rio
, former PSD parliamentary caucus leader
Luis Montenegro
and current Deputy Mayor of
Cascais
Miguel Pinto Luz
.
[32]
Around 40,000 party members, out of almost 110,000, were registered to vote.
[33]
In the first round, on 11 January, Rui Rio polled ahead with 49% of the votes against the 41.4% of Luis Montenegro and 9.6% of Miguel Pinto Luz, with both Rio and Montenegro qualifying for a second round.
[34]
A week later, on 18 January, Rui Rio was re-elected as PSD leader with 53.2% of the votes, against the 46.8% of Luis Montenegro.
[35]
In both rounds, turnout of registered members achieved almost 80%. The results were the following:
A leadership election in the PSD was held on 27 November 2021.
[36]
The original date was 4 December 2021, but the party voted to advance the date in one week.
MEP
Paulo Rangel
was a candidate for the leadership.
[37]
He faced incumbent PSD leader Rui Rio, who announced his re-election bid on 19 October 2021.
[38]
Around 46,000 party members, out of more than 85,000 active members, were registered to vote.
[39]
On 27 November 2021, Rui Rio defeated Paulo Rangel by a 52.4% to 47.6% margin and was reelected for a 3rd term as party leader.
[40]
The results were the following:
CDS ? People's Party
[
edit
]
CDS ? People's Party also elected a new leader after former leader
Assuncao Cristas
stepped down after the party's worst result ever in a general election in the
2019 elections
. Five candidates were in the race:
People's Youth
leader
Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos
, current CDS MP from Aveiro
Joao Almeida
, former MP
Filipe Lobo d'Avila
,
Abel Matos Santos
and
Carlos Meira
. The new leader was elected in a party congress between 25 and 26 January 2020.
[41]
In that congress, in Aveiro city,
Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos
was elected leader with 46.4% of the delegates votes, against the 38.9% of Joao Almeida and 14.5% of Filipe Lobo d'Avila.
[42]
Abel Matos Santos and Carlos Meira had stepped down from the race, near the end of the congress but before the vote, in support of Rodrigues dos Santos.
[43]
The results were the following:
People-Animals-Nature
[
edit
]
In March 2021, the
People-Animals-Nature
(PAN) leader and spokesperson,
Andre Silva
, announced he was leaving the leadership of the party to dedicate more time to his family.
[44]
A party congress to elect a new leader was scheduled for the weekend of 5?6 June 2021. For that leadership congress, only one candidate stepped forward,
Ines Sousa Real
, the party's parliamentary leader. On 6 June, Ines Sousa Real was elected as leader of PAN with 87.2% of the votes in the party's congress in
Tomar
.
[45]
The results were the following:
Ballot: 6 June 2021
Candidate
|
Votes
|
%
|
|
Ines Sousa Real
|
109
|
87.2
|
Blank/Invalid ballots
|
16
|
12.8
|
Turnout
|
125
|
|
Source:
Results
|
Date
[
edit
]
Official logo of the election.
Ballot paper for the 2022 legislative elections.
According to the
Constitution of Portugal
, an election must be called between 14 September and 14 October of the year that the legislature ends but can be called earlier. The election is then called by the
president of Portugal
, not at the sole request of the
prime minister of Portugal
, after listening to all of the parties represented in Parliament. The election date must be announced at least 60 days in advance if it is held as the legislature ends,
[46]
but the election must be held within 55 days if it is called during an ongoing legislature (dissolution of parliament). The election day is the same in all multi-seat constituencies, and should fall on a Sunday or a national holiday. The next legislative election should have taken place no later than 8 October 2023;
[47]
however, due to the rejection of the 2022 State Budget, during which the left-wing parties joined the right-wing parties and voted against the proposal, a snap election was called for 30 January 2022.
[4]
Electoral system
[
edit
]
The
Assembly of the Republic
has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a
motion of no confidence
to be approved.
[48]
The number of seats assigned to each constituency depends on the
district magnitude
.
[49]
The use of the
d'Hondt method
makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the
Hare quota
or
Sainte-Lague method
, which are more generous to small parties.
[50]
The distribution of MPs by constituency was the following:
[51]
Voting during COVID-19
[
edit
]
In January 2022, Portugal was experiencing rising infection rates as the
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
had a prevalence of 93% among variants in the country.
[52]
Because of this situation, thousands of voters were likely to be in isolation on 30 January, election day. To address this situation, the government asked for legal advice regarding the issue from the Portuguese Attorney-General's Office.
[53]
On 19 January, the government announced that isolated voters would be able to vote on election day and recommended that these voters cast a ballot during the last hour the polls were open, between 6pm and 7pm 30 January.
[54]
Early voting
[
edit
]
Voters were also able to
vote early
, which happened on 23 January, one week before election day. Voters had to register between 16 and 20 January 2022 in order to be eligible to cast an early ballot. By the 20 January deadline, 315,785 voters had requested to vote early, a number well below expectations.
[55]
On 23 January, 285,848 voters (90.5% of voters that requested) cast an early ballot.
[56]
Parties
[
edit
]
Parliamentary factions
[
edit
]
The table below lists the parties represented in the
Assembly of the Republic
during the 14th legislature (2019?2022) and that also contested the 2022 elections:
Non-represented parties
[
edit
]
The table below lists smaller parties not represented in the
Assembly of the Republic
that contested the elections in at least one constituency:
[59]
Rejected
[
edit
]
A coalition between the People's Monarchist Party (PPM) and the United Party of Retirees and Pensioners (PURP) was rejected by the
Constitutional Court
because of several irregularities.
[60]
Campaign period
[
edit
]
Party slogans
[
edit
]
Party or alliance
|
Original slogan
|
English translation
|
Refs
|
|
PS
|
≪ Juntos Seguimos e Conseguimos ≫
|
"Together We Continue and Achieve"
|
[61]
|
|
PSD
|
≪ Novos horizontes para Portugal ≫
|
"New Horizons for Portugal"
|
[62]
|
|
BE
|
≪ Razoes fortes, compromissos claros ≫
|
"Strong Reasons, Clear Commitments"
|
[63]
|
|
CDU
|
≪ CDU, Forca decisiva ≫
≪ Ao teu lado todos os dias ≫
|
"CDU, the Decisive Force"
"By Your Side Every Day"
|
[64]
|
|
CDS?PP
|
≪ Pelas mesmas razoes de sempre ≫
|
"For the Same Reasons As Always"
|
[65]
|
|
PAN
|
≪ Agir, Ja! ≫
|
"Act, Now!"
|
[66]
|
|
CH
|
≪ Vamos fazer o sistema tremer ≫
|
"Let's Make the System Tremble"
|
[67]
|
|
IL
|
≪ Preparados. Liberalizar Portugal ≫
≪O liberalismo funciona e faz falta a Portugal≫
|
"Ready. Liberalize Portugal"
"Liberalism works and Portugal needs it"
|
[68]
[69]
|
|
L
|
≪ A alternativa e ser LIVRE ≫
|
"The Alternative Is to Be FREE"
|
|
Candidates' debates
[
edit
]
With parties represented in Parliament
[
edit
]
A total of 38 debates were scheduled for these elections.
[70]
CDU
leader,
Jeronimo de Sousa
, would only attend the debates on the main channels of each of the three main networks, RTP1, SIC and TVI.
[71]
Therefore, he was absent from the debates in the news channels of the three networks, SIC Noticias, RTP3 and CNN Portugal. Shortly after, the debates between Jeronimo de Sousa and other party leaders on those cable channels, were cancelled, thus reducing the number of debates to 32.
[72]
On 11 January 2022, the PCP announced that Jeronimo de Sousa would undergo urgent vascular surgery on 12 January and would be out of the campaign trail for 10 days, thus being absent in the debates.
[73]
Joao Oliveira substituted him in the debate with
PSD
leader
Rui Rio
.
[74]
Radio Observador
organised two hour and a half debates with the head candidates for the Porto and Lisbon districts. The Porto debate aired on 11 January and the Lisbon debate aired on 14 January.
[75]
[76]
With parties not represented in Parliament
[
edit
]
A debate between parties not represented in Parliament was also held on
RTP1
.
2022 Portuguese legislative election debates
|
Date
|
Time
|
Organisers
|
Moderator(s)
|
P
Present
A
Absent invitee
N
Non-invitee
S
Surrogate
|
A
Sa
|
PCTP
Guerreiro
|
RIR
Rans
|
E
Coelho
|
MPT
Pimenta
|
NC
Afonso
|
ADN
Fialho
|
JPP
Sousa
|
PTP
Madaleno
|
MAS
Cambra
|
VP
Gomes
|
Refs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Jan 2022
|
9:00PM
|
RTP1
|
Carlos Daniel
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
[83]
|
Opinion polling
[
edit
]
Voter turnout
[
edit
]
The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.
Turnout
|
Time
|
12:00
|
16:00
|
19:00
|
2019
|
2022
|
±
|
2019
|
2022
|
±
|
2019
|
2022
|
±
|
Total
|
18.83%
|
23.27%
|
4.44
pp
|
38.59%
|
45.66%
|
7.07
pp
|
48.60%
|
51.46%
|
2.86
pp
|
|
Sources
[84]
[85]
|
Results
[
edit
]
National summary
[
edit
]
Summary of the 30 January 2022
Assembly of the Republic
elections results
|
Parties
|
Votes
|
%
|
±
pp
swing
|
MPs
|
MPs %/
votes %
|
2019
|
2022
|
±
|
%
|
±
|
|
Socialist
|
2,302,601
|
41.38
|
5.1
|
108
|
120
|
12
|
52.17
|
5.2
|
1.26
|
|
Social Democratic
[m]
|
1,539,415
|
27.66
|
1.3
|
74
|
72
|
2
|
31.30
|
0.8
|
1.13
|
|
CHEGA
|
399,659
|
7.18
|
5.9
|
1
|
12
|
11
|
5.22
|
4.8
|
0.73
|
|
Liberal Initiative
|
273,687
|
4.92
|
3.6
|
1
|
8
|
7
|
3.48
|
3.0
|
0.71
|
|
Left Bloc
|
244,603
|
4.40
|
5.1
|
19
|
5
|
14
|
2.17
|
6.2
|
0.49
|
|
Unitary Democratic Coalition
|
238,920
|
4.29
|
2.0
|
12
|
6
|
6
|
2.61
|
2.6
|
0.61
|
|
People's
[m]
|
89,181
|
1.60
|
2.4
|
5
|
0
|
5
|
0.00
|
2.2
|
0.0
|
|
People-Animals-Nature
|
88,152
|
1.58
|
1.7
|
4
|
1
|
3
|
0.43
|
1.3
|
0.26
|
|
LIVRE
|
71,232
|
1.28
|
0.2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0.43
|
0.0
|
0.33
|
|
Madeira First
(
PSD
/
CDS?PP
)
[f]
|
50,636
|
0.91
|
0.2
|
3
|
3
|
0
|
1.30
|
0.0
|
1.43
|
|
Democratic Alliance
(
PSD
/
CDS?PP
/
PPM
)
[g]
|
28,330
|
0.51
|
0.1
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0.87
|
0.0
|
1.71
|
|
React, Include, Recycle
|
23,233
|
0.42
|
0.3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Portuguese Workers' Communist
|
11,265
|
0.20
|
0.5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
National Democratic Alternative
[i]
|
10,874
|
0.20
|
0.0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Together for the People
|
10,786
|
0.19
|
0.0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Earth
|
7,561
|
0.14
|
0.1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Volt Portugal
|
6,240
|
0.11
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
?
|
0.00
|
?
|
0.0
|
|
Socialist Alternative Movement
|
6,157
|
0.11
|
0.0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Rise Up
[h]
|
5,043
|
0.09
|
0.2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
We, the Citizens!
|
3,880
|
0.07
|
0.1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Labour
|
3,533
|
0.06
|
0.1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Alliance
|
2,467
|
0.04
|
0.7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
People's Monarchist
[j]
|
260
|
0.00
|
0.2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.00
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
Total valid
|
5,417,715
|
97.36
|
2.3
|
230
|
230
|
0
|
100.00
|
0
|
?
|
Blank ballots
|
63,103
|
1.13
|
1.4
|
|
Invalid ballots
|
83,721
|
1.50
|
0.9
|
Total
|
5,564,539
|
100.00
|
|
Registered voters/turnout
|
10,813,246
|
51.46
|
2.9
|
Source: Comissao Nacional de Eleicoes
[86]
|
Vote share
|
|
|
|
PS
|
|
41.38%
|
PSD
|
|
27.66%
|
CH
|
|
7.18%
|
IL
|
|
4.92%
|
BE
|
|
4.40%
|
CDU
|
|
4.29%
|
CDS-PP
|
|
1.60%
|
PAN
|
|
1.58%
|
L
|
|
1.28%
|
MF
|
|
0.91%
|
AD
|
|
0.51%
|
Others
|
|
1.66%
|
Blank/Invalid
|
|
2.63%
|
|
Parliamentary seats
|
|
|
|
PS
|
|
52.17%
|
PSD
|
|
31.30%
|
CH
|
|
5.22%
|
IL
|
|
3.48%
|
CDU
|
|
2.61%
|
BE
|
|
2.17%
|
MF
|
|
1.30%
|
AD
|
|
0.87%
|
PAN
|
|
0.43%
|
L
|
|
0.43%
|
|
Distribution by constituency
[
edit
]
Results of the 2022 election of the Portuguese
Assembly of the Republic
by constituency
Constituency
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
%
|
S
|
Total
S
|
PS
|
PSD
|
CH
|
IL
|
CDU
|
BE
|
MF
[f]
|
AD
[g]
|
PAN
|
L
|
Azores
|
42.8
|
3
|
|
5.9
|
-
|
4.1
|
-
|
1.5
|
-
|
4.3
|
-
|
|
33.9
|
2
|
1.4
|
-
|
0.9
|
-
|
5
|
Aveiro
|
39.5
|
8
|
35.7
|
7
|
5.6
|
1
|
4.5
|
-
|
1.8
|
-
|
4.6
|
-
|
|
1.3
|
-
|
0.8
|
-
|
16
|
Beja
|
43.7
|
2
|
15.9
|
-
|
10.3
|
-
|
2.1
|
-
|
18.4
|
1
|
3.7
|
-
|
0.9
|
-
|
0.7
|
-
|
3
|
Braga
|
42.0
|
9
|
34.8
|
8
|
5.8
|
1
|
4.3
|
1
|
2.6
|
-
|
3.7
|
-
|
1.2
|
-
|
0.8
|
-
|
19
|
Braganca
|
40.3
|
2
|
40.3
|
1
|
8.6
|
-
|
1.6
|
-
|
1.4
|
-
|
2.1
|
-
|
0.6
|
-
|
0.4
|
-
|
3
|
Castelo Branco
|
47.7
|
3
|
27.4
|
1
|
8.3
|
-
|
2.6
|
-
|
2.9
|
-
|
4.3
|
-
|
1.0
|
-
|
0.8
|
-
|
4
|
Coimbra
|
45.2
|
6
|
29.1
|
3
|
6.1
|
-
|
3.6
|
-
|
3.4
|
-
|
5.1
|
-
|
1.2
|
-
|
1.0
|
-
|
9
|
Evora
|
44.0
|
2
|
21.4
|
1
|
9.2
|
-
|
2.5
|
-
|
14.6
|
-
|
3.3
|
-
|
0.8
|
-
|
0.6
|
-
|
3
|
Faro
|
39.9
|
5
|
24.4
|
3
|
12.3
|
1
|
4.6
|
-
|
4.8
|
-
|
5.8
|
-
|
2.2
|
-
|
1.1
|
-
|
9
|
Guarda
|
45.1
|
2
|
33.5
|
1
|
8.0
|
-
|
1.9
|
-
|
1.8
|
-
|
3.1
|
-
|
0.7
|
-
|
0.5
|
-
|
3
|
Leiria
|
35.7
|
5
|
34.7
|
4
|
8.0
|
1
|
5.3
|
-
|
3.1
|
-
|
4.5
|
-
|
1.3
|
-
|
1.1
|
-
|
10
|
Lisbon
|
40.8
|
21
|
24.2
|
13
|
7.8
|
4
|
7.9
|
4
|
5.1
|
2
|
4.7
|
2
|
2.0
|
1
|
2.4
|
1
|
48
|
Madeira
|
31.5
|
3
|
|
6.1
|
-
|
3.3
|
-
|
2.0
|
-
|
3.2
|
-
|
39.8
|
3
|
1.6
|
-
|
0.7
|
-
|
6
|
Portalegre
|
47.2
|
2
|
23.2
|
-
|
11.5
|
-
|
2.1
|
-
|
7.6
|
-
|
2.9
|
-
|
|
0.6
|
-
|
0.6
|
-
|
2
|
Porto
|
42.5
|
19
|
32.3
|
14
|
4.4
|
2
|
5.1
|
2
|
3.3
|
1
|
4.8
|
2
|
1.7
|
-
|
1.2
|
-
|
40
|
Santarem
|
41.2
|
5
|
26.9
|
3
|
10.9
|
1
|
3.8
|
-
|
5.4
|
-
|
4.6
|
-
|
1.2
|
-
|
0.9
|
-
|
9
|
Setubal
|
45.7
|
10
|
16.2
|
3
|
9.0
|
1
|
5.1
|
1
|
10.1
|
2
|
5.8
|
1
|
2.0
|
-
|
1.4
|
-
|
18
|
Viana do Castelo
|
42.1
|
3
|
34.2
|
3
|
6.1
|
-
|
2.9
|
-
|
3.0
|
-
|
3.5
|
-
|
1.0
|
-
|
0.7
|
-
|
6
|
Vila Real
|
41.3
|
3
|
40.0
|
2
|
7.2
|
-
|
1.8
|
-
|
1.7
|
-
|
2.3
|
-
|
0.8
|
-
|
0.6
|
-
|
5
|
Viseu
|
41.5
|
4
|
36.8
|
4
|
7.8
|
-
|
2.5
|
-
|
1.6
|
-
|
2.8
|
-
|
0.9
|
-
|
0.6
|
-
|
8
|
Europe
[n]
|
33.0
|
2
|
15.0
|
-
|
7.1
|
-
|
2.5
|
-
|
1.3
|
-
|
2.4
|
-
|
2.7
|
-
|
1.4
|
-
|
2
|
Outside Europe
|
29.8
|
1
|
37.5
|
1
|
9.6
|
-
|
3.6
|
-
|
1.4
|
-
|
2.6
|
-
|
4.5
|
-
|
1.0
|
-
|
2
|
Total
|
41.4
|
120
|
27.7
|
72
|
7.2
|
12
|
4.9
|
8
|
4.3
|
6
|
4.4
|
5
|
0.9
|
3
|
0.5
|
2
|
1.6
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
230
|
Source:
Election Results
|
Maps
[
edit
]
-
Full results by electoral district
-
Strongest party by
district
-
Strongest party by
municipality
-
Share of the Socialist Party (PS) by municipality
-
Share of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) by municipality
-
Share of CHEGA (CH) by municipality
-
Share of the Liberal Initiative (IL) by municipality
-
Share of the Left Bloc (BE) by municipality
-
Share of the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) by municipality
-
Share of the CDS-People's Party (CDS-PP) by municipality
-
Share of the People-Animals-Nature (PAN) by municipality
-
Share of the Livre (L) by municipality
Electorate
[
edit
]
Demographic
|
Size
|
PS
|
PSD
|
CH
|
IL
|
BE
|
CDU
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total vote
|
100%
|
41%
|
29%
|
7%
|
5%
|
4%
|
4%
|
10%
|
Sex
|
Men
|
48%
|
38%
|
30%
|
10%
|
6%
|
5%
|
4%
|
7%
|
Women
|
52%
|
46%
|
28%
|
5%
|
4%
|
5%
|
4%
|
8%
|
Age
|
18?24 years old
|
9%
|
27%
|
29%
|
7%
|
12%
|
8%
|
4%
|
13%
|
25?34 years old
|
12%
|
30%
|
26%
|
10%
|
10%
|
5%
|
4%
|
15%
|
35?54 years old
|
39%
|
39%
|
30%
|
9%
|
5%
|
4%
|
4%
|
9%
|
55 years and older
|
39%
|
51%
|
28%
|
5%
|
2%
|
3%
|
5%
|
6%
|
Age by sex
|
Men, 18?34 years old
|
11%
|
23%
|
30%
|
12%
|
14%
|
5%
|
4%
|
12%
|
Women, 18?34 years old
|
11%
|
34%
|
25%
|
5%
|
8%
|
8%
|
4%
|
16%
|
Men, 35?54 years old
|
18%
|
34%
|
32%
|
12%
|
6%
|
4%
|
5%
|
7%
|
Women, 35?54 years old
|
21%
|
44%
|
29%
|
6%
|
4%
|
4%
|
4%
|
9%
|
Men, 55 years and older
|
20%
|
48%
|
29%
|
6%
|
2%
|
4%
|
6%
|
5%
|
Women, 55 years and older
|
20%
|
55%
|
28%
|
4%
|
1%
|
3%
|
4%
|
5%
|
Education
|
No High-school
|
31%
|
55%
|
23%
|
7%
|
1%
|
3%
|
5%
|
6%
|
High-school
|
34%
|
39%
|
28%
|
10%
|
5%
|
5%
|
5%
|
8%
|
College graduate
|
35%
|
31%
|
36%
|
5%
|
9%
|
6%
|
4%
|
9%
|
Education by sex
|
Men, No High-school
|
17%
|
50%
|
24%
|
9%
|
1%
|
4%
|
6%
|
6%
|
Women, No High-school
|
16%
|
60%
|
22%
|
5%
|
1%
|
2%
|
4%
|
6%
|
Men, High-school
|
17%
|
34%
|
29%
|
14%
|
6%
|
5%
|
5%
|
7%
|
Women, High-school
|
17%
|
45%
|
26%
|
7%
|
4%
|
5%
|
4%
|
9%
|
Men, college graduate
|
14%
|
26%
|
38%
|
7%
|
13%
|
5%
|
4%
|
7%
|
Women, college graduate
|
19%
|
35%
|
34%
|
3%
|
7%
|
7%
|
4%
|
10%
|
Education by age
|
18?34 years old, No High-school
|
1%
|
42%
|
19%
|
15%
|
4%
|
4%
|
6%
|
10%
|
35?54 years old, No High-school
|
8%
|
49%
|
23%
|
12%
|
2%
|
3%
|
4%
|
7%
|
55 years and older, No High-school
|
23%
|
59%
|
23%
|
5%
|
1%
|
3%
|
5%
|
4%
|
18?34 years old, High-school
|
10%
|
31%
|
25%
|
11%
|
9%
|
6%
|
4%
|
14%
|
35?54 years old, High-school
|
15%
|
42%
|
27%
|
12%
|
4%
|
5%
|
5%
|
5%
|
55 years and older, High-school
|
9%
|
46%
|
32%
|
7%
|
2%
|
4%
|
5%
|
4%
|
18?34 years old, college graduate
|
11%
|
25%
|
31%
|
5%
|
15%
|
8%
|
4%
|
12%
|
35?54 years old, college graduate
|
16%
|
33%
|
37%
|
5%
|
8%
|
5%
|
4%
|
8%
|
55 years and older, college graduate
|
7%
|
36%
|
40%
|
5%
|
4%
|
5%
|
5%
|
5%
|
Source:
Pitagorica exit poll
|
Aftermath and reactions
[
edit
]
CHEGA
leader,
Andre Ventura
, speaking during election night after his party became the third largest party in the elections.
The
Socialist Party
(PS) of incumbent prime minister
Antonio Costa
won an unexpected
absolute majority
in the Assembly of the Republic, the second in the party's history.
[8]
The PS received 41.5% of the vote and 118 seats, two above the minimum required for a majority.
[9]
The PS won the most votes in all districts in mainland Portugal, only failing to win
Madeira
.
[10]
Commentators considered the PS to have benefited from a transfer of the BE and the
Unitary Democratic Coalition
(CDU) voters to them.
[11]
Costa said that his "absolute majority doesn't mean absolute power" and that he would still be open to forming a coalition, despite it no longer being a requirement to govern.
[87]
He also promised reforms, saying: "The conditions have been created to carry out investments and reforms for Portugal to be more prosperous, fairer, more innovative."
[88]
The
Social Democratic Party
(PSD) remained stable, underperforming opinion polls that had predicted a close race with the PS. The PSD won 29.2% of the vote, a slightly higher share than in 2019, and received 77 seats, two less than the previous election. The PSD was surpassed by the PS in their strongholds, such as
Leiria
and
Viseu
, and lost
Braganca
by only 15 votes to the PS. In the aftermath of the election, party leader
Rui Rio
announced he would resign from the leadership.
[12]
[89]
CHEGA
finished in third place, winning 12 seats and 7.3% of the vote.
[13]
The
Liberal Initiative
(IL) finished in fourth place, winning 8 seats and 4.9% of the vote.
[14]
Both parties experienced a surge of voters and made gains in this election.
[15]
CHEGA leader
Andre Ventura
celebrated a "great night", though the party received more than 100,000 fewer votes than Ventura had received in the previous year's presidential election, an election in which turnout was lower. He blamed the PS majority on PSD leader Rio for not forming an alliance between the two right-wing parties and stated "From now on there won't be a soft opposition. We will assume the role of being the real opposition to the Socialists and restore dignity to this country."
[88]
IL leader
Joao Cotrim de Figueiredo
also celebrated sufficient gains to form a parliamentary group, and said that his party would be a "firm opposition to socialism".
[90]
Both the BE and CDU suffered losses, being surpassed by the CHEGA and IL, with 5 seats and 4.4% of the vote;
[17]
their rejection of the 2022 budget was considered to be a factor in losing votes and seats, as well as
tactical voting
to avoid a PSD plurality.
[16]
The CDU won 6 seats and 4.3% of the vote, while losing seats in
Evora
and
Santarem
districts.
[18]
The
Ecologist Party "The Greens"
(PEV) lost all their seats for the first time.
[20]
Catarina Martins
of the BE blamed the PS for having created a "false crisis" that she believed had resulted in a polarised election that penalised parties to the left of the PS. She also spoke out against the gains for CHEGA.
[91]
Portuguese Communist Party
leader
Jeronimo de Sousa
made a similar statement about the PS.
[92]
The
CDS ? People's Party
(CDS?PP) lost all their seats for the first time, receiving 1.6% of the vote. Party leader
Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos
announced his resignation.
[21]
[93]
Also due to tactical voting,
People Animals Nature
(PAN) suffered losses, winning 1 seat and 1.6% of the vote, 3 fewer seats than in the previous election.
[22]
PAN leader
Ines Sousa Real
spoke of sadness after this result, and said that an absolute majority would be bad for democracy.
[94]
LIVRE
won 1 seat and received 1.3% of the vote, holding on to the single seat they won in the previous election, with party leader
Rui Tavares
being elected in Lisbon.
[23]
Tavares pledged to get Costa to work with other left-wing parties.
[95]
The voter turnout was the highest since the
2015 Portuguese legislative election
, with 51.5% of registered voters casting a ballot.
Overseas ballots controversy
[
edit
]
In this election, 257,791 ballots from overseas were received, but, during the process of counting the ballots, a controversy started.
[96]
The Social Democratic Party (PSD) filed a complaint in order for the ballots with no
ID card
copy to be put aside.
[97]
The Portuguese electoral law requires that for a ballot received by mail to be valid, it needs to be accompanied with an ID card copy of the voter (in order to confirm the identity of the voter, as the equivalent of presenting the ID to the poll workers when voting in person).
[98]
The Socialist Party (PS) protested against the PSD complaint, reminding the PSD that all parties had had an informal meeting in which it had been decided that all ballots, with or without an ID card copy, would be counted and declared valid. The PSD had confirmed their position in that meeting, but announced that they had changed their mind after they were given a document stating that any such actions would be illegal.
[99]
Nonetheless, the PSD and the Electoral Commission (CNE) warned and advised counting staffs to separate the ballots. But this guideline wasn't followed by several counting staffs,
[100]
and by the end of the counting of ballots, 80.32% of the Europe constituency ballots, 157,205 ballots out from a total of 195,701, were considered invalid and thrown out.
[101]
Several parties (Volt, LIVRE, PAN, CHEGA, MAS) appealed to the
Constitutional Court
in order to have the ballots counted.
[102]
[103]
Of the 5 complaints filed, however, the court accepted only
Volt Portugal
's complaint.
[104]
On 15 February, the Court annulled the election in the Europe constituency and demanded a repetition of the vote.
[105]
The National Election Committee determined that for the rerun of the parliamentary elections in the constituency of Europe on March 12 and 13 can be voted in person, just as until March 23 by absentee ballot.
[106]
109,350 ballots were received until 23 March, and of those, 30% (32,777) were declared null as they were not accompanied with an ID card copy. In terms of results, the PS was able to win the two seats from the Europe constituency, unlike in the original election when the PS and PSD both won one seat.
[107]
International reactions
[
edit
]
-
EU
: The
European Commission
's First Vice-president
Frans Timmermans
congratulated Costa's victory on Twitter as "an important victory for Portugal and Europe."
[1]
-
Spain
: Spanish prime minister
Pedro Sanchez
, leader of the
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
, congratulated Costa on
Twitter
, stating that "Portugal has once again opted for a social democratic project that combines growth and social justice. Together we will continue to promote in our countries and in Europe a socialist response to the challenges we share."
[1]
-
UK
:
Keir Starmer
, the British opposition and
Labour Party
leader, congratulated Costa on Twitter for "a victory for seriousness in government, shared prosperity and social justice."
[108]
-
India
: Indian prime minister
Narendra Modi
congratulated Costa, who is
Luso-Indian
, on Twitter "for resounding performance in the parliamentary elections in Portugal and his re-election." He also stated: "Look forward to continue deepening the warm and time-tested relationship with Portugal."
[109]
-
Brazil
:
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva
, then former president of Brazil and presidential pre-candidate in the
2022 Brazilian general election
, congratulated Costa and his party for "their great electoral victory in Portugal", wishing them "good luck".
[110]
Fall of the government
[
edit
]
On 7 November 2023, the
Police
and several agents of the
Public Prosecutor's office
conducted a series of searches to the official residency of the Prime Minister, ministries, and other sites that culminated in the arrest of several people including the chief of staff of the Prime Minister.
[111]
Antonio Costa himself was also indicted as a suspect in a case of corruption involving the lithium and hydrogen businesses.
[112]
Shortly after this revelation by the Public Prosecutor's office, Prime Minister Antonio Costa tendered his resignation to
President
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
and also announced he was stepping down from the PS leadership.
[113]
After this, the President heard all parties and met with the
Council of State
. On 9 November 2023, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa called a snap legislative election for 10 March 2024.
[114]
For the first time ever in Portuguese democracy, a single party majority government didn't complete its full term.
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Election in the Europe Constituency was annulled by the Constitutional Court in February 2022. New ballots were accepted until 23 March 2022.
- ^
Sum of the votes of the
Social Democratic Party
(PSD) in
mainland Portugal
and the PSD/
CDS ? People's Party
(CDS?PP) coalitions in
Azores
and
Madeira
. The 5 MPs elected in these coalitions are all from the PSD.
- ^
a
b
The
Portuguese Communist Party
(PCP) and the
Ecologist Party "The Greens"
(PEV) have contested every election since 1987 in a coalition called the
Unitary Democratic Coalition
(CDU) and won a combined 6.3% of the vote and elected 12 MPs to parliament in 2019.
- ^
Rui Tavares
, running for Lisbon, was the party's main candidate in this campaign.
- ^
LIVRE
had 1 MP elected to parliament in 2019,
Joacine Katar Moreira
, but she was expelled from the
LIVRE
caucus in January 2020.
- ^
a
b
c
d
In Madeira, the PSD and the CDS?PP contested the elections in a coalition called Madeira First (
Madeira Primeiro
).
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
In Azores, the PSD, the CDS?PP, and the
People's Monarchist Party
(PPM) contested the elections in a coalition called
Democratic Alliance
(
Alianca Democratica
).
- ^
a
b
In July 2020, the
National Renovator Party
(PNR) changed its name to Rise Up (E).
- ^
a
b
In September 2021, the
Democratic Republican Party
(PDR) changed its name to the National Democratic Alternative (ADN).
- ^
a
b
PPM list only in Madeira
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Cancelled
- ^
a
b
c
Substituted by Joao Oliveira whilst he is recovering in hospital
- ^
a
b
Only in mainland Portugal and overseas constituencies.
- ^
Original election annulled by the Constitutional Court. A rerun was conducted during March 2022.
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a
b
c
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- ^
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,
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,
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.
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(in Portuguese)
. Retrieved
17 February
2022
.
- ^
"Repeticao das eleicoes tira um deputado ao PSD. PS elege 2 na Europa"
.
Expresso
(in Portuguese)
. Retrieved
23 March
2022
.
- ^
Starmer, Keir [@keir_starmer] (31 January 2022).
"Congratulations to Antonio Costa for your General Election win.
It is a victory for seriousness in government, shared prosperity and social justice"
(
Tweet
)
. Retrieved
31 January
2022
– via
Twitter
.
- ^
"PM Modi congratulates Portuguese counterpart on election win"
.
The New Indian Express
. 31 January 2022
. Retrieved
2 February
2022
.
- ^
"Lula da Silva felicita PS e Antonio Costa por 'grande vitoria'
"
.
Jornal de Noticias
(in Portuguese). 31 January 2022
. Retrieved
1 February
2022
.
- ^
Lopes, Maria (7 November 2023).
"Buscas da PSP na residencia oficial de Costa e ministerios do Ambiente e Infra-estruturas; chefe de gabinete e Lacerda Machado detidos"
.
PUBLICO
(in Portuguese)
. Retrieved
7 November
2023
.
- ^
"Governo investigado: Antonio Costa e suspeito e vai ser alvo de inquerito pelo Supremo Tribunal de Justica"
.
Expresso
(in Portuguese). 7 November 2023
. Retrieved
7 November
2023
.
- ^
"Antonio Costa demite-se: "Obviamente"
"
.
CNN Portugal
(in Portuguese)
. Retrieved
7 November
2023
.
- ^
"Marcelo marca eleicoes para 10 de marco - Renascenca"
.
Radio Renascenca
(in European Portuguese). 9 November 2023
. Retrieved
9 November
2023
.
External links
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