From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Earthquake in Turkey
The
Afyon Province
of western Turkey was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.5
on 3 February 2002 at 10:11
local time
(07:11
UTC
). It had a maximum felt intensity of VIII (
Severe
) on the
Modified Mercalli intensity scale
. It damaged hundreds of buildings and caused the deaths of 44 people and a further 318 injuries.
[1]
Tectonic setting
[
edit
]
Most of western Turkey lies in an area of
extensional tectonics
that extends into the
Aegean Sea
. The cause of the extension is thought to be the
rollback
of the
subducting
slab of the
African Plate
that
dips
northwards beneath the Aegean. The overall N?S extension has resulted in a series of NW?SE to W?E trending
seismically active
normal faults
with associated
rift basins
. The Afyon?Ak?ehir Graben lies in the hanging-wall of the low-angle Sultanda?ı Fault and contains nearly 1 km of late
Miocene
to
Quaternary
sedimentary fill. Part of this fault ruptured during a magnitude 6.0 earthquake in December 2000.
[2]
Earthquake
[
edit
]
The earthquake had a magnitude in the range 6.2?6.7 M
w
.
[3]
[4]
The observed
focal mechanism
is consistent with normal faulting along a fault trending WSW?ENE, although the local trend of the basin-bounding fault is closer to WNW?ESE. The distribution of the aftershocks, however, is consistent with a rupture along part of the Sultanda?ı Fault of about 40 km in length. It also suggests that the rupture propagation was almost unidirectional towards the northwest, with the mainshock close to the southeastern end of the rupture.
[2]
A large aftershock, measuring 5.8?6.0 M
w
, occurred roughly two hours after the mainshock near the western end of the Sultanda?ı Fault.
[2]
[3]
Analysis of the
coulomb stress transfer
associated with the M6.0 earthquake on 15 December 2000 suggests that these stress changes triggered the 2002 mainshock. The epicentre of the mainshock lies near the termination of the rupture associated with the earlier earthquake, consistent with this interpretation.
[2]
Damage
[
edit
]
There was significant damage in 8 of the 18 districts in Afyon Province and some damage in
Ak?ehir
in
Konya Province
. A total of 4,051 residential and 339 commercial buildings either collapsed or were badly damaged. A further 10,402 residential and 884 commercial buildings suffered either low or medium levels of damage. The town of
Cay
suffered the most damage and had the greatest number of fatalities.
[5]
The most damaged building type was the traditional Himis style, which consists of timber frames with adobe and rubble infill and heavy roofs. Collapse of this building type was responsible for causing most of the deaths and injuries in this earthquake.
[5]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
National Centers for Environmental Information
(1972).
"Comments for the Significant Earthquake"
.
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): Significant Earthquake Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA
. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
doi
:
10.7289/V5TD9V7K
. Retrieved
28 January
2020
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Aksarı, D.; Karabulut, H.; Ozalaybey, S. (2010). "Stress interactions of three moderate size earthquakes in Afyon, southwestern Turkey".
Tectonophysics
.
485
(1?4): 141?153.
Bibcode
:
2010Tectp.485..141A
.
doi
:
10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.010
.
- ^
a
b
Ergin, M.; Aktar, M.; Ozalaybey, S.; Tapirdamaz, M.C.; Selvi, O.; Tarancioglu, A. (2009). "A high-resolution aftershock seismicity image of the 2002 Sultandagi-Cay earthquake (Mw = 6.2), Turkey".
Journal of Seismology
.
13
(4): 633?646.
Bibcode
:
2009JSeis..13..633E
.
doi
:
10.1007/s10950-009-9155-1
.
S2CID
140726700
.
- ^
Aktu?, B.; Kaypa, B.; Celik, R.N. (2010). "Source parameters for the Mw = 6.6, 03 February 2002, Cay Earthquake (Turkey) and aftershocks from GPS, Southwestern Turkey".
Journal of Seismology
.
14
(3): 445?456.
Bibcode
:
2010JSeis..14..445A
.
doi
:
10.1007/s10950-009-9174-y
.
S2CID
128901867
.
- ^
a
b
Erdik, M.; Sesetyan, K.; Demircioglu, M.B.; Celep, U.; Biro, Y.; Uckan, E. (May 2002).
"Preliminary Observations on the Sultandagi, Turkey, Earthquake of February 3, 2002"
(PDF)
. Special Earthquake Report. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
. Retrieved
29 January
2020
.
External links
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†
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
‡
indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
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