From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1935 Greek monarchy referendum
|
|
|
Choice
|
Votes
|
%
|
Yes
|
1,491,992
|
97.87%
|
No
|
32,454
|
2.13%
|
Valid votes
|
1,524,446
|
99.79%
|
Invalid or blank votes
|
3,268
|
0.21%
|
Total votes
|
1,527,714
|
100.00%
|
|
A
referendum
on restoring
the monarchy
was held in
Greece
on 3 November 1935.
[1]
The proposal was approved by nearly 97.9% of voters,
[2]
although the conduct during the referendum is not considered to have been free or fair.
George II
returned from exile and was restored to
the throne
on 25 November 1935.
[3]
Background
[
edit
]
After the defeat of
Greece
by the
Turkish National Movement
(the "
Asia Minor Disaster
" of 1922), the defeated army
revolted against the royal government
.
King Constantine I
was forced to abdicate in 1922, and died in exile in 1923. His eldest son and successor, King
George II
, was soon after asked by the parliament to leave
Greece
so the nation could decide what form of government it should adopt. In a
1924 referendum
, Greeks voted to create
a republic
.
[
citation needed
]
In 1935,
Prime Minister
Georgios Kondylis
, a former pro-
Venizelos
military officer, became the most powerful political figure in Greece. On 10 October, he compelled
Panagis Tsaldaris
to resign as Prime Minister and took over the government, suspending many constitutional provisions in the process. Kondylis, who had now joined the Conservatives, decided to hold a referendum in order to re-establish the monarchy, despite the fact that he used to be a supporter of the anti-monarchist wing of Greek politics.
[
citation needed
]
The referendum was scheduled to take place on 3 November per resolution "on the abolition of the republic" of 10 October 1935 (ΦΕΚ Α? 456).
[4]
Conduct
[
edit
]
Observers of the time expressed serious doubts about the vote's legitimacy. Besides the implausibly high "yes" vote, the vote was held in far-from-secret circumstances. Voters dropped a blue piece of paper into the ballot box if they supported the king's return, or a red paper to retain the republic. Anyone who cast a red paper risked being beaten up.
[5]
Results
[
edit
]
Choice
| Votes
| %
|
---|
For
| 1,491,992
| 97.87
|
Against
| 32,454
| 2.13
|
Total
| 1,524,446
| 100.00
|
|
Valid votes
| 1,524,446
| 99.79
|
---|
Invalid/blank votes
| 3,268
| 0.21
|
---|
Total votes
| 1,527,714
| 100.00
|
---|
Source: Nohlen & Stover
|
References
[
edit
]