House elections for the 58th U.S. Congress
1902 United States House of Representatives elections
|
|
|
|
|
The
1902 United States House of Representatives elections
were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of
President
Theodore Roosevelt
's first term, about a year after the assassination of President
William McKinley
in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of the
United States House of Representatives
, representing 45 states, to serve in the
58th United States Congress
.
Due to the increased size of the House and the
reapportionment
that resulted from the
1900 U.S. census
, the
Republican Party
and the
Democratic Party
both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The
Populist Party
disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.
[
citation needed
]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in
1814
and
1822
.
Election summaries
[
edit
]
29 new seats were added in
reapportionment
following the
1900 census
.
[3]
No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
↓
176
|
3
|
207
|
Democratic
|
IR
|
Republican
|
Popular vote
|
|
|
|
Democratic
|
|
45.00%
|
Independent
|
|
0.56%
|
Populist
|
|
1.38%
|
Republican
|
|
49.81%
|
Others
|
|
3.25%
|
|
House seats
|
|
|
|
Democratic
|
|
45.60%
|
Independent
|
|
1.04%
|
Republican
|
|
53.37%
|
|
The previous election had 5
Populists
, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/58_us_house_membership.png/350px-58_us_house_membership.png) House seats by party holding plurality in state
|
80+% to 100% Democratic
|
80+% to 100% Republican
|
60+% to 80% Democratic
|
60+% to 80% Republican
|
Up to 60% Democratic
|
Up to 60% Republican
|
|
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/58_us_house_changes.png/350px-58_us_house_changes.png) Net gain in party representation
|
6+ Democratic gain
|
6+ Republican gain
|
3-5 Democratic gain
|
3-5 Republican gain
|
1-2 Democratic gain
|
1-2 Republican gain
|
no net change
|
|
Special elections
[
edit
]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
New York 7
|
Nicholas Muller
|
Democratic
|
1876
(retired)
1882
(retired)
1898
|
Incumbent resigned November 2, 1901.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
|
- ?
Y
Montague Lessler
(Republican) 49.87%
- ?
Perry Belmont
(Democratic) 47.31%
- ?
John G. Bennett (Independent) 1.25%
- ?
Fritz Linsinger (Ind. Democratic) 0.88%
- ?
Isaac Ward (Social Democratic) 0.69%
|
Pennsylvania 17
|
Rufus King Polk
|
Democratic
|
1898
|
Incumbent died March 5, 1902.
New member elected November 4, 1902.
Democratic hold.
|
|
Kentucky 3
|
John S. Rhea
|
Democratic
|
1896
|
Election successfully contested.
New member seated March 25, 1902.
Republican gain.
|
|
Massachusetts 6
|
William Henry Moody
|
Republican
|
1894
|
Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become
U.S. Secretary of the Navy
.
New member elected
November 4, 1902.
Republican hold.
|
- ?
Y
Augustus P. Gardner
(Republican) 52.14%
- ?
Samuel Roads Jr. (Democratic) 38.02%
- ?
George E. Littlefield (Socialist) 8.73%
- ?
Willard O. Wylie (Prohibition) 1.10%
- ?
Others 0.01%
|
Missouri 12
|
James Joseph Butler
|
Democratic
|
1901
|
Seat declared vacant.
Incumbent re-elected
November 4, 1902
to finish his term.
Special election later successfully contested by
George C. R. Wagoner
.
|
|
New York 10
|
Amos J. Cummings
|
Democratic
|
1886
|
Incumbent died May 2, 1902.
New member elected November 4, 1902.
Democratic hold.
Winner not elected to full term; see below.
|
|
Virginia 6
|
Nicholas Muller
|
Democratic
|
1894
|
Incumbent died May 4, 1902.
New member elected November 4, 1902.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to full term; see below.
|
|
New Jersey 4
|
Joshua S. Salmon
|
Democratic
|
1898
|
Incumbent died May 6, 1902.
New member elected June 18, 1902.
Democratic hold.
|
|
Texas 3
|
Reese C. De Graffenreid
|
Democratic
|
1896
|
Incumbent died August 29, 1902.
New member elected November 4, 1902.
Democratic hold.
|
|
New York 26
|
George W. Ray
|
Republican
|
1882
|
Incumbent resigned September 11, 1902.
New member elected November 4, 1902.
Republican hold.
|
|
Texas 4
|
John L. Sheppard
|
Democratic
|
1898
|
Incumbent died October 11, 1902.
New member elected November 15, 1902.
Democratic hold.
|
|
Connecticut 3
|
Charles Addison Russell
|
Republican
|
1886
|
Incumbent died October 23, 1902.
New member elected November 4, 1902.
Republican hold.
|
|
Election dates
[
edit
]
All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
Alabama
[
edit
]
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Arizona Territory
[
edit
]
See
Non-voting delegates
, below.
Arkansas
[
edit
]
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|
California
[
edit
]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
California 1
|
Samuel D. Woods
Redistricted from the 2nd district
|
Republican
|
1900
|
Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
|
- ?
Y
James Gillett
(Republican) 50.5%
- ?
Thomas S. Ford (Democratic) 46.7%
- ?
M. E. Shore (Socialist) 1.9%
- ?
W. O. Clark (Prohibition) 0.9%
|
California 2
|
Frank Coombs
Redistricted from the 1st district
|
Republican
|
1900
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain
.
|
- ?
Y
Theodore A. Bell
(Democratic) 49.2%
- ?
Frank Coombs
(Republican) 48.3%
- ?
G. H. Rogers (Socialist) 1.7%
- ?
W. P. Fassett (Prohibition) 0.8%
|
California 3
|
Victor H. Metcalf
|
Republican
|
1898
|
Incumbent re-elected.
|
- ?
Y
Victor H. Metcalf
(Republican) 66.2%
- ?
Calvin B. White (Democratic) 27.7%
- ?
M. W. Wilkins (Socialist) 5%
- ?
T. H. Montgomery (Prohibition) 1.1%
|
California 4
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Julius Kahn
|
Republican
|
1898
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain
.
|
|
California 5
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Eugene F. Loud
|
Republican
|
1890
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain
.
|
- ?
Y
William J. Wynn
(Democratic) 56.5%
- ?
Eugene F. Loud
(Republican) 41.2%
- ?
Joseph Lawrence (Socialist) 1.5%
- ?
Frank W. Caton (Prohibition) 0.7%
|
California 6
|
James C. Needham
Redistricted from the 7th district
|
Republican
|
1898
|
Incumbent re-elected.
|
- ?
Y
James C. Needham
(Republican) 53.5%
- ?
Gaston N. Ashe (Democratic) 42.5%
- ?
J. L. Cobb (Socialist) 2.5%
- ?
L. C. Jolley (Prohibition) 1.4%
|
California 7
|
James McLachlan
Redistricted from the 6th district
|
Republican
|
1900
|
Incumbent re-elected.
|
- ?
Y
James McLachlan
(Republican) 64.8%
- ?
Carl A. Johnson (Democratic) 27%
- ?
George H. Hewes (Socialist) 4.2%
- ?
Frederick F. Wheeler (Prohibition) 4%
|
California 8
|
None (New district)
|
New district.
Republican gain
.
|
|
Colorado
[
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]
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Connecticut
[
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]
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Delaware
[
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]
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Florida
[
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]
Georgia
[
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]
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Hawaii Territory
[
edit
]
See
Non-voting delegates
, below.
Idaho
[
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]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Idaho at-large
|
Thomas L. Glenn
|
Populist
|
1900
|
Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
|
|
Illinois
[
edit
]
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Indiana
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Iowa
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Kansas
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Kentucky
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Louisiana
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Maine
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Maryland
[
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Massachusetts
[
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]
Michigan
[
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]
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Minnesota
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Mississippi
[
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Missouri
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Montana
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Nebraska
[
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]
Nevada
[
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]
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New Hampshire
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New Jersey
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New Mexico Territory
[
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]
See
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, below.
New York
[
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]
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North Carolina
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North Dakota
[
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Ohio
[
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Oklahoma Territory
[
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]
See
Non-voting delegates
, below.
Oregon
[
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]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Oregon 1
|
Thomas H. Tongue
|
Republican
|
1896
|
Incumbent re-elected, but died before next term began.
|
- ?
Y
Thomas H. Tongue
(Republican) 52.89%
- ?
J. K. Weatherford (Democratic) 36.43%
- ?
Benjamin Franklin Ramp (Socialist) 5.78%
- ?
Hiram Gould (Prohibition) 4.90%
[21]
|
Oregon 2
|
Malcolm A. Moody
|
Republican
|
1898
|
Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
|
- ?
Y
John N. Williamson
(Republican) 53.53%
- ?
W. F. Butcher (Democratic) 35.69%
- ?
Diedrich T. Gerdes (Socialist) 6.30%
- ?
F. R. Spaulding (Prohibition) 4.48%
[22]
|
Pennsylvania
[
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]
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Rhode Island
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South Carolina
[
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South Dakota
[
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Tennessee
[
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]
Texas
[
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]
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Utah
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Vermont
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Virginia
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Washington
[
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]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Washington at-large
(3 seats elected on a
general ticket
)
|
Wesley L. Jones
|
Republican
|
1898
|
Incumbent re-elected.
|
- ?
David D. Burgess (Socialist) 1.56%
- ?
J. H. Scurlock (Socialist) 1.55%
- ?
George W. Scott (Socialist) 1.50%
- ?
O. L. Fowler (Prohibition) 0.60%
- ?
W. J. McKean (Prohibition) 0.60%
- ?
Ambrose H. Sherwood (Prohibition) 0.59%
- ?
William McCormick (Socialist Labor) 0.28%
- ?
Jense C. Martin (Socialist Labor) 0.27%
|
Francis W. Cushman
|
Republican
|
1898
|
Incumbent re-elected.
|
None (new seat)
|
New seat.
Republican gain.
|
West Virginia
[
edit
]
Wisconsin
[
edit
]
Wisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1902.
[40]
[41]
This was Wisconsin's first election with eleven congressional seats, up from ten in the previous term.
Wyoming
[
edit
]
Non-voting delegates
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Regulars only, not including specials
- ^
Includes five vacancies.
- ^
Includes 6 vacancies.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Includes 3
Independent Republicans
.
- ^
Includes 1 "Anti-Machine" candidate.
- ^
a
b
Additional seat elected at-large due to Colorado delaying redistricting.
- ^
a
b
c
Election of 1900 saw the election of 1 Populist.
- ^
There was one member of the
Silver Republican Party
faction elected in 1900,
John F. Shafroth
. Shafroth attempted to get elected as a Democrat in 1902, but his election was contested and overturned.
- ^
a
b
c
Elections held early.
- ^
Election of 1900 saw the election of 2 Populists in Nebraska.
- ^
At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789?Present"
. Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives
. Retrieved
May 18,
2015
.
- ^
a
b
Martis, pp. 156?157.
- ^
Apportionment Act of 1901
- ^
"ID At Large"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
4 April
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 01"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 02"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 03"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 04"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 05"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 06"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 07"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MS - District 08"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
16 March
2021
.
- ^
"MT At-Large"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
5 April
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 4, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2 October
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 4, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2 October
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 4, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2 October
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 4, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2 October
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 4, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2 October
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 4, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2 October
2021
.
- ^
"ND At Large"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
6 April
2021
.
- ^
"OR - District 01 Race - Jun 02, 1902"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
20 November
2021
.
- ^
"OR - District 02 Race - Jun 02, 1902"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
20 November
2021
.
- ^
"SD At Large"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
9 April
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 01"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 02"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 03"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 04"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 05"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 06"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 07"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 08"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 09"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 10"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
2 March
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - WA At-Large Race - Nov 04, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2023-01-14
.
- ^
"WV District 01"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
21 April
2021
.
- ^
"WV District 02"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
21 April
2021
.
- ^
"WV District 03"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
21 April
2021
.
- ^
"WV District 04"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
21 April
2021
.
- ^
"WV District 05"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
21 April
2021
.
- ^
"Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results"
(PDF)
. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on April 5, 2012
. Retrieved
March 8,
2022
– via
Wayback Machine
.
- ^
Erickson, Halford, ed. (1903). "Biographical Sketches".
The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1903
(Report). Wisconsin Bureau of Labor Statistics. pp. 1073?1076
. Retrieved
June 8,
2024
.
- ^
"WY At-Large"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
12 April
2021
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2023-01-01
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - HI Delegate At-Large - Nov 04, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2023-01-01
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1902"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2020-06-25
.
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Republican Congressional Committee,
The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902
(1902).
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998).
United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses
. McFarland and Company.
ISBN
978-0786402830
.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989).
The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989
. Macmillan Publishing Company.
ISBN
978-0029201701
.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994).
Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections
(Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc.
ISBN
978-0871879967
.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789?Present"
. Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives
. Retrieved
January 21,
2015
.
- Secretary of State (1903).
Maryland Manual 1902
. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co
. Retrieved
23 June
2020
.
External links
[
edit
]
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