1890?91 United States Senate elections
|
|
|
|
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/1890-91_senate_map.svg/380px-1890-91_senate_map.svg.png) Results of the elections:
Democratic gain
Democratic hold
Republican gain
Republican hold
Populist gain
Independent gain
Legislature failed to elect
|
|
The
1890?91 United States Senate elections
were held on various dates in various states. As these
U.S. Senate
elections were prior to the ratification of the
Seventeenth Amendment
in 1913, senators were chosen by
state legislatures
. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1890 and 1891, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to
legislative deadlock
.
[1]
In these elections, terms were up for the senators in
Class 3
.
The
Republican Party
lost four seats, though still retaining a slim majority. That majority was increased, however, upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators.
Results summary
[
edit
]
Senate party division,
52nd Congress
(1891?1893)
- Majority party: Republican (47)
- Minority party: Democratic (39)
- Other parties: Populist (2)
- Total seats: 88
Change in Senate composition
[
edit
]
Before the elections
[
edit
]
After the admission of Montana's new senators in January 1890.
|
D
1
|
D
2
|
D
12
|
D
11
|
D
10
|
D
9
|
D
8
|
D
7
|
D
6
|
D
5
|
D
4
|
D
3
|
D
13
|
D
14
|
D
15
|
D
16
|
D
17
|
D
18
|
D
19
|
D
20
|
D
21
|
D
22
|
D
32
Ran
|
D
31
Ran
|
D
30
Ran
|
D
29
Ran
|
D
28
Ran
|
D
27
Ran
|
D
26
Ran
|
D
25
|
D
24
|
D
23
|
D
33
Ran
|
D
34
Ran
|
D
35
Ran
|
D
36
Retired
|
D
37
Retired
|
R
47
Retired
|
R
46
Ran
|
R
45
Ran
|
R
44
Ran
|
R
43
Ran
|
Majority →
|
R
33
Ran
|
R
34
Ran
|
R
35
Ran
|
R
36
Ran
|
R
37
Ran
|
R
38
Ran
|
R
39
Ran
|
R
40
Ran
|
R
41
Ran
|
R
42
Ran
|
R
32
Ran
|
R
31
|
R
30
|
R
29
|
R
28
|
R
27
|
R
26
|
R
25
|
R
24
|
R
23
|
R
13
|
R
14
|
R
15
|
R
16
|
R
17
|
R
18
|
R
19
|
R
20
|
R
21
|
R
22
|
R
12
|
R
11
|
R
10
|
R
9
|
R
8
|
R
7
|
R
6
|
R
5
|
R
4
|
R
3
|
|
R
1
|
R
2
|
After the class 3 elections
[
edit
]
|
D
1
|
D
2
|
D
12
|
D
11
|
D
10
|
D
9
|
D
8
|
D
7
|
D
6
|
D
5
|
D
4
|
D
3
|
D
13
|
D
14
|
D
15
|
D
16
|
D
17
|
D
18
|
D
19
|
D
20
|
D
21
|
D
22
|
D
32
Re-elected
|
D
31
Re-elected
|
D
30
Re-elected
|
D
29
Re-elected
|
D
28
Re-elected
|
D
27
Re-elected
|
D
26
Re-elected
|
D
25
|
D
24
|
D
23
|
D
33
Hold
|
D
34
Hold
|
D
35
Hold
|
D
36
Hold
|
D
37
Gain
|
D
38
Gain
|
D
39
Gain
|
V
1
D Loss
|
I
1
Gain
|
P
1
Gain
|
Majority →
|
R
43
New seat
|
R
33
Re-elected
|
R
34
Re-elected
|
R
35
Re-elected
|
R
36
Re-elected
|
R
37
Re-elected
|
R
38
Re-elected
|
R
39
Re-elected
|
R
40
Re-elected
|
R
41
Hold
|
R
42
Hold
|
R
32
Re-elected
|
R
31
|
R
30
|
R
29
|
R
28
|
R
27
|
R
26
|
R
25
|
R
24
|
R
23
|
R
13
|
R
14
|
R
15
|
R
16
|
R
17
|
R
18
|
R
19
|
R
20
|
R
21
|
R
22
|
R
12
|
R
11
|
R
10
|
R
9
|
R
8
|
R
7
|
R
6
|
R
5
|
R
4
|
R
3
|
|
R
1
|
R
2
|
Beginning of the next Congress
[
edit
]
|
D
1
|
D
2
|
D
3
|
D
4
|
D
14
|
D
13
|
D
12
|
D
11
|
D
10
|
D
9
|
D
8
|
D
7
|
D
6
|
D
5
|
D
15
|
D
16
|
D
17
|
D
18
|
D
19
|
D
20
|
D
21
|
D
22
|
D
23
|
D
24
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D
34
|
D
33
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D
32
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D
31
|
D
30
|
D
29
|
D
28
|
D
27
|
D
26
|
D
25
|
D
35
|
D
36
|
V
1
D seated late
|
V
2
D elected late
|
V
3
D died
Later D
|
I
1
Later P
|
P
1
|
V
3
D died
Later R
|
R
46
New seat
|
R
45
New seat
|
Majority →
|
R
35
|
R
36
|
R
37
|
R
38
|
R
39
|
R
40
|
R
41
|
R
42
|
R
43
|
R
44
New seat
|
R
34
|
R
33
|
R
32
|
R
31
|
R
30
|
R
29
|
R
28
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R
27
|
R
26
|
R
25
|
R
15
|
R
16
|
R
17
|
R
18
|
R
19
|
R
20
|
R
21
|
R
22
|
R
23
|
R
24
|
R
14
|
R
13
|
R
12
|
R
11
|
R
10
|
R
9
|
R
8
|
R
7
|
R
6
|
R
5
|
|
R
1
|
R
2
|
R
3
|
R
4
|
Race summaries
[
edit
]
Elections during the 51st Congress
[
edit
]
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1890 or in 1891 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State
|
Incumbent
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Senator
|
Party
|
Electoral
history
|
Montana
(Class 1)
|
New state
|
Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889.
First senator
elected
January 1, 1890
.
[2]
His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.
The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.
Republican gain
.
|
|
Montana
(Class 2)
|
Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889.
Second senator
elected
January 2, 1890
.
[2]
His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.
The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.
Republican gain
.
|
|
Kentucky
(Class 2)
|
James B. Beck
|
Democratic
|
1876
1882
1888
|
Incumbent died May 3, 1890.
Winner
elected
May 26, 1890
.
Democratic hold.
|
?
Y
John G. Carlisle
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Wyoming
(Class 2)
|
New state
|
Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10, 1890.
First senator
elected
November 15, 1890
.
Republican gain
.
|
?
Y
Joseph M. Carey
(Republican) 39 votes
[4]
?
George W. Baxter
(Democratic) 7 votes
[4]
|
Wyoming
(Class 1)
|
Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10, 1890.
First senator
elected
November 18, 1890
.
Republican gain
.
|
?
Y
Francis E. Warren
(Republican) 29 votes
[4]
?
Henry A. Coffeen
(Democratic) 9 votes
[4]
?
M. C. Brown 7 votes
[4]
?
John McCormick 3 votes
[4]
?
H. R. Mann 1 vote
[4]
|
Idaho
(Class 2)
|
New state
|
Idaho admitted to the Union July 3, 1890.
First senator
elected
December 18, 1890
.
Republican gain
.
|
?
Y
George L. Shoup
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Idaho
(Class 3)
|
Idaho admitted to the Union July 3, 1890.
First senator
elected
December 18, 1890
.
Republican gain
.
|
?
Y
William J. McConnell
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Races leading to the 52nd Congress
[
edit
]
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1891; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State
|
Incumbent
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Senator
|
Party
|
Electoral
history
|
Alabama
|
James L. Pugh
|
Democratic
|
1880
(special)
1884
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1890.
|
?
Y
James L. Pugh
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Arkansas
|
James K. Jones
|
Democratic
|
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
James K. Jones
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
California
|
Leland Stanford
|
Republican
|
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
Leland Stanford
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Colorado
|
Henry M. Teller
|
Republican
|
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
Henry M. Teller
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Connecticut
|
Orville H. Platt
|
Republican
|
1879
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
Orville H. Platt
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Florida
|
Wilkinson Call
|
Democratic
|
1879
1885
|
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
|
None.
|
Georgia
|
Joseph E. Brown
|
Democratic
|
1880
(special)
1885
|
Incumbent retired due to illness.
Winner elected on an unknown date.
Democratic hold.
|
?
Y
John B. Gordon
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Idaho
|
William J. McConnell
|
Republican
|
1890
|
McConnell was elected only to finish the term, see above, and thereafter retired.
Winner
elected
December 18, 1890.
Republican hold.
|
?
Y
Fred Dubois
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Illinois
|
Charles B. Farwell
|
Republican
|
1887
|
Incumbent not renominated by the Republican caucus.
[5]
Winner
elected
on March 11, 1891, after 154 ballots.
[6]
Democratic gain
.
|
|
Indiana
|
Daniel W. Voorhees
|
Democratic
|
1877
(Appointed)
1879
(special)
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
Daniel W. Voorhees
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Iowa
|
William B. Allison
|
Republican
|
1872
1878
1884
|
Incumbent
re-elected
March 5, 1890.
|
|
Kansas
|
John Ingalls
|
Republican
|
1873
1879
1885
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner
elected
in 1891.
Populist gain
.
|
|
Kentucky
|
Joseph C. S. Blackburn
|
Democratic
|
1884
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1890.
|
?
Y
Joseph C. S. Blackburn
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Louisiana
|
James B. Eustis
|
Democratic
|
1890 or 1891
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner
elected
in 1891.
Democratic hold.
|
?
Y
Edward Douglass White
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Maryland
|
Ephraim Wilson
|
Democratic
|
1884
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1890, but died February 24, 1891, before the beginning of the next term.
Seat remained vacant until November 19, 1891.
Democratic loss
.
|
?
Y
Ephraim Wilson
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Missouri
|
George G. Vest
|
Democratic
|
1879
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
George G. Vest
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Nevada
|
John P. Jones
|
Republican
|
1879
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
John P. Jones
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
New Hampshire
|
Henry W. Blair
|
Republican
|
1879
1885
(Appointed)
1885
(special)
|
Incumbent lost renomination.
Winner
elected
in 1891.
Republican hold.
|
?
Y
Jacob Gallinger
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
New York
|
William M. Evarts
|
Republican
|
1885
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner
elected
January 21, 1891.
Democratic gain
.
|
|
North Carolina
|
Zebulon B. Vance
|
Democratic
|
1879
1884
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1890.
|
?
Y
Zebulon B. Vance
(Democratic)
|
North Dakota
|
Gilbert A. Pierce
|
Republican
|
1889
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner
elected
in 1891.
Republican hold.
|
|
Ohio
|
Henry B. Payne
|
Democratic
|
1884
|
Incumbent retired.
Winner
elected
January 15, 1890
Democratic hold.
|
?
Y
Calvin S. Brice
(Democratic)
[
data missing
]
|
Oregon
|
John H. Mitchell
|
Republican
|
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1890.
|
?
Y
John H. Mitchell
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Pennsylvania
|
J. Donald Cameron
|
Republican
|
1877
(special)
1879
1885
|
Incumbent
re-elected
January 20, 1891.
|
|
South Carolina
|
Wade Hampton III
|
Democratic
|
1884
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
re-elected
in 1890.
Democratic hold.
|
|
South Dakota
|
Gideon C. Moody
|
Republican
|
1889
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner
elected
February 16, 1891.
[10]
Independent gain
.
Winner later became a Populist.
|
|
Vermont
|
Justin S. Morrill
|
Republican
|
1866
1872
1878
1884
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1890.
|
?
Y
Justin S. Morrill
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Washington
|
Watson C. Squire
|
Republican
|
1889
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1891.
|
?
Y
Watson C. Squire
(Republican)
[
data missing
]
|
Wisconsin
|
John C. Spooner
|
Republican
|
1885
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner
elected
January 28, 1891.
Democratic gain
.
|
|
Election during the 52nd Congress
[
edit
]
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1891 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State
|
Incumbent
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Senator
|
Party
|
Electoral
history
|
California
(Class 1)
|
George Hearst
|
Democratic
|
1887
|
Incumbent died February 28, 1891.
New senator was elected
March 19, 1891
.
Republican gain
.
|
|
Florida
(Class 3)
|
Vacant
|
Legislature had failed to elect, see above.
Predecessor re-elected
May 26, 1891
.
[12]
Democratic gain
.
|
|
Virginia
(Class 1)
|
John W. Daniel
|
Democratic
|
1887
|
Incumbent re-elected early
December 16, 1891
for the term beginning March 4, 1893.
[13]
|
|
Idaho
[
edit
]
Senator
George Shoup
(class 2)
In July 1890, Idaho became a state. In November,
Fred Dubois
helped engineer a plan for the
Idaho Legislature
to effectively elect three people to the
U.S. Senate
: Governor
George Shoup
to the class 2 seat up for election in 1894, state constitutional convention member
William J. McConnell
to serve for the remainder of the
Fifty-first United States Congress
, ending in March 1891, and Dubois himself to succeed McConnell and serve a full six-year term in the class 3 seat beginning in March 1891.
Maryland
[
edit
]
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
November 2022
)
|
1890 United States Senate election in Maryland
|
|
|
Ephraim King Wilson II
was re-elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.
[14]
New York
[
edit
]
Senator
David B. Hill
The New York election was held January 20 and 21, 1891, by the
New York State Legislature
.
Republican
William M. Evarts
had been elected to this seat in
1885
, and his term would expire on March 3, 1891.
At the
State election in November 1889
, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1890?1891) in the State Senate. At the
State election in November 1890
, 68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the Assembly. The
114th New York State Legislature
met from January 6 to April 30, 1891, at
Albany, New York
.
The Democratic caucus met on January 19, 74 State legislators attended, and State Senator
John C. Jacobs
presided. Governor
David B. Hill
was nominated by acclamation.
The Republican caucus met immediately after the Democratic caucus ended, Assemblyman
James W. Husted
presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator
William M. Evarts
unanimously.
On January 20, both Houses of the State legislature took ballots separately. The incumbent U.S. Senator Evarts was the choice of the State Senate, Governor Hill the choice of the Assembly. On January 21, both Houses met in joint session, and comparing nominations, found that they disagreed and proceeded to a joint ballot. Governor Hill was elected by a majority of 2, every member of the Legislature being present.
The seat became vacant on March 4, 1891.
David B. Hill
remained in office as Governor of New York until December 31, 1891, and took his seat only on January 7, 1892, missing actually only one month of session. There were no special sessions during the
52nd United States Congress
and the regular session began only on December 7, 1891. Hill served a single term, and remained in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1897. In January 1897, Hill was defeated for re-election by Republican
Thomas C. Platt
who had been a U.S. Senator briefly in 1881.
Pennsylvania
[
edit
]
Senator
J. Donald Cameron
The Pennsylvania election was held on January 20, 1891.
J. Donald Cameron
was re-elected by the
Pennsylvania General Assembly
to the
United States Senate
.
[15]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the
House of Representatives
and the
Senate
, convened on January 20, 1891. Incumbent
Republican
J. Donald Cameron
, who was elected in an
1877 special election
and re-elected in
1879
and
1885
, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)"
.
National Archives and Records Administration
. February 8, 2022.
- ^
a
b
"Congressional Series of United States Public Documents"
.
Government Printing Office
. 1893. p. 64.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Goodspeed, Weston Arthur (1904).
Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming
. University of California. p. 382 – via Google Books.
- ^
RICHARD J. OGLESBY THE NOMINEE. Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922); Chicago, Ill. [Chicago, Ill]. 16 Jan 1891: 4.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Newcombe, Alfred W. (1946). "Alson J. Streeter: An Agrarian Liberal".
Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
. Vol. 39, no. 1.
University of Illinois Press
. pp. 68?95 – via
JSTOR
.
- ^
Wilcox, Henry S., ed. (March 5, 1890).
"Election of U.S. Senator"
.
Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives
.
23
(1): 158?168
. Retrieved
September 30,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
"SENATOR JAMES H. KYLE"
.
The New York Times
. February 17, 1891. p. 5.
- ^
Proceedings of the House of Representatives, ... Legislative session, State of South Dakota
. Published under the direction and authority of the Legislature. 1923.
- ^
"CALL DECLARED ELECTED"
.
The New York Times
. May 26, 1891. p. 1.
- ^
Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia 1891-1892
. p. 135
. Retrieved
March 11,
2020
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1890"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
2022-11-05
.
- ^
a
b
"U.S. Senate Election - 20 January 1891"
(PDF)
. Wilkes University
. Retrieved
December 22,
2013
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Byrd, Robert C.
(October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.).
The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789?1992
.
United States Senate Historical Office
(volume 4 Bicentennial ed.).
Washington, D.C.
:
U.S. Government Printing Office
.
ISBN
9780160632563
.
- Clark, Dan Elbert (1913).
History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa
.
Iowa City, Iowa
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007).
"Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682?2006"
.
The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project
. Wilkes University.
- Taft, George S.
; Furber, George P.; Buck, George M.; Webb, Charles A.; Pierce, Herbert R. (1913).
Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1913
.
U.S. Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections
.
Washington, D.C.
:
U.S. Government Printing Office
.
- Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899).
Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900
. State of Ohio.
- Members of the 52nd United States Congress
- "EXIT DAVID BENNETT HILL"
(PDF)
.
The New York Times
. January 20, 1891.
, The headline expresses the erroneous belief that Hill, after his election, would resign the governorship and go to Washington, D.C.
- "HILL'S FRIENDS NERVOUS"
(PDF)
.
The New York Times
. January 21, 1891.
- "HILL'S MAJORITY OF TWO"
(PDF)
.
The New York Times
. January 22, 1891.
- "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present"
. via Senate.gov.