House elections for the 39th U.S. Congress
1864?65 United States House of Representatives elections
|
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![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1864_US_house_results.svg/350px-1864_US_house_results.svg.png) Results
National Unionist gain
National Unionist hold
Democratic gain
Democratic hold
|
|
The
1864?65 United States House of Representatives elections
were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, in the midst of the
American Civil War
and
President
Abraham Lincoln
's reelection. Each state set its own date for its elections to the
House of Representatives
. Members were elected before the first session of the
39th United States Congress
convened on December 4, 1865, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nevada, and the 8 from Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. The other 10 secessionist states had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.
The opposition
Democrats
were deeply divided between the
Copperheads
, a group that demanded an immediate negotiated settlement with the
Confederate States of America
, and the
War Democrats
, who supported the war. With the Democrats lacking any coherent message, they lost half their seats to Lincoln's
Republican Party
, who increased their majority to a commanding level.
The National Union Party (formerly known as the Unionists) lost seven seats, retaining control of 18 seats (some classify the Representatives as including 13
Unconditional Unionists
and five Unionists), all from the
border states
of
Maryland
,
Tennessee
, and
Kentucky
, as well as
West Virginia
.
Election summaries
[
edit
]
One new seat was added for the new State of
Nevada
[1]
and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of
Tennessee
, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.
↓
38
|
137
|
18
|
Democratic
|
Republican
|
Unionist
|
State
|
Type
|
Date
|
Total
seats
|
Democratic
|
Republican
|
Unionist
[f]
|
Seats
|
Change
|
Seats
|
Change
|
Seats
|
Change
|
Oregon
|
At-large
|
June 5, 1864
|
1
|
0
|
|
1
|
|
0
|
|
Vermont
|
District
|
September 6, 1864
|
3
|
0
|
|
3
|
|
0
|
|
Maine
|
District
|
September 11, 1864
|
5
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
1
|
0
|
|
Indiana
|
District
|
October 10, 1864
|
11
|
2
|
5
|
9
|
5
|
0
|
|
Nevada
[g]
|
At-large
|
1
|
0
|
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
Ohio
|
District
|
19
|
2
|
12
|
17
|
12
|
0
|
|
Pennsylvania
|
District
|
24
|
8
|
4
|
16
|
4
|
0
|
|
West Virginia
|
District
|
October 22, 1864
|
3
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
3
|
|
California
|
District
[h]
|
November 8, 1864
(
Election Day
)
[i]
|
3
|
0
|
|
3
|
|
0
|
|
Delaware
|
At-large
|
1
|
1
|
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
Illinois
|
District +
1 at-large
|
14
|
3
|
6
|
11
|
6
|
0
|
|
Iowa
|
District
|
6
|
0
|
|
6
|
|
0
|
|
Kansas
|
At-large
|
1
|
0
|
|
1
|
|
0
|
|
Maryland
|
District
|
5
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
|
3
|
1
|
Massachusetts
|
District
|
10
|
0
|
|
10
|
|
0
|
|
Michigan
|
District
|
6
|
0
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
|
Minnesota
|
District
|
2
|
0
|
|
2
|
|
0
|
|
Missouri
|
District
|
9
|
1
|
1
|
8
[e]
|
7
|
0
|
8
|
New Jersey
|
District
|
5
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
|
New York
|
District
|
31
|
10
|
7
|
21
|
7
|
0
|
|
Wisconsin
|
District
|
6
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
2
|
0
|
|
Late elections (after the March 4, 1865 beginning of the term)
|
New Hampshire
|
District
|
March 14, 1865
|
3
|
0
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
|
Connecticut
|
District
|
April 3, 1865
|
4
|
0
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
0
|
|
Tennessee
[j]
|
District
|
August 3, 1865
[k]
|
8
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
8
|
8
|
Rhode Island
|
District
|
April 5, 1865
|
2
|
0
|
|
2
|
|
0
|
|
Kentucky
|
District
|
August 7, 1865
|
9
|
5
|
5
|
0
|
|
4
|
5
|
Nevada
|
At-large
|
November 7, 1865
|
1
|
0
|
|
1
|
|
0
|
|
Secessionist states not yet readmitted
|
Alabama
|
District
|
November 6, 1865
[l]
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arkansas
|
District
|
October 9, 1865
[l]
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Florida
|
At-large
|
November 29, 1865
[l]
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Georgia
|
District
|
November 15, 1865
[l]
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Louisiana
|
District
|
November 6, 1865
[l]
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mississippi
|
District
|
October 2, 1865
[l]
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
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North Carolina
|
District
|
November 9, 1865
[l]
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Carolina
|
District
|
November 22, 1865
[l]
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Texas
|
District
|
October 15, 1866
[l]
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virginia
|
District
|
October 12, 1865
[l]
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
[b]
|
193
50 vacancies
[m]
|
38
19.7%
|
31
|
137
[e]
71.0%
|
46
|
18
9.3%
|
6
|
Popular vote
|
|
|
|
Nat. Union
|
|
53.47%
|
Democratic
|
|
41.97%
|
Conservative
|
|
2.19%
|
Radical
|
|
1.39%
|
Independent
|
|
1.06%
|
Others
|
|
0.00%
|
|
House seats
|
|
|
|
Nat. Union
|
|
77.72%
|
Democratic
|
|
17.10%
|
Conservative
|
|
2.59%
|
Radical
|
|
2.07%
|
Independent
|
|
0.52%
|
|
Of the rejected elections, Florida's and Mississippi's claimants' parties are unknown, while North Carolina elected 4 Union and 3 Conservative Representatives.
Special elections
[
edit
]
38th Congress
[
edit
]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Illinois 5
|
Owen Lovejoy
|
Republican
|
1856
|
Incumbent died March 25, 1864.
New member elected
May 19, 1864
.
Republican hold.
|
|
New York 1
|
Henry G. Stebbins
|
Democratic
|
1862
|
Incumbent resigned October 24, 1864.
[3]
New member elected
November 8, 1864
.
Democratic hold.
|
|
39th Congress
[
edit
]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Maryland 2
|
Edwin H. Webster
|
Unconditional Unionist
|
1859
|
Incumbent resigned July 1865.
New member elected
November 7, 1865
.
Unconditional Unionist hold.
|
|
Massachusetts 6
|
Daniel W. Gooch
|
National Union
|
1858
(special)
|
Incumbent resigned September 1, 1865.
New member elected
November 7, 1865
.
National Union hold.
|
|
New York 16
|
Orlando Kellogg
|
National Union
|
1862
|
Incumbent died August 24, 1865.
New member elected
November 7, 1865
.
National Union hold.
|
|
Alabama
[
edit
]
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Arizona Territory
[
edit
]
See
Non-voting delegates
, below.
Arkansas
[
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]
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California
[
edit
]
Note: This was the first election in which California elected representatives from congressional districts.
Colorado Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
Connecticut
[
edit
]
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Dakota Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
Delaware
[
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]
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Florida
[
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Georgia
[
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Idaho Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
Illinois
[
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]
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Indiana
[
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Iowa
[
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Kansas
[
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Kentucky
[
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Louisiana
[
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Maine
[
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Maryland
[
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Massachusetts
[
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Michigan
[
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Minnesota
[
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Mississippi
[
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Missouri
[
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Montana Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
Nebraska Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
Nevada
[
edit
]
38th Congress
[
edit
]
On October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican
Henry G. Worthington
to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Member
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Nevada at-large
|
New state
|
New seat.
Republican gain
.
|
|
39th Congress
[
edit
]
Worthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican
Delos R. Ashley
was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.
New Hampshire
[
edit
]
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New Jersey
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New Mexico Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
New York
[
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]
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North Carolina
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Ohio
[
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Ohio's delegation swung from 14?5 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.
Oregon
[
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Pennsylvania
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Rhode Island
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South Carolina
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Tennessee
[
edit
]
Elections held late, on August 3, 1865.
Texas
[
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Utah Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
Vermont
[
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]
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Virginia
[
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Washington Territory
[
edit
]
See
non-voting delegates
, below.
West Virginia
[
edit
]
Wisconsin
[
edit
]
Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.
[23]
Non-voting delegates
[
edit
]
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38th Congress
[
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]
District
|
Incumbent
|
This race
|
Delegate
|
Party
|
First elected
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Arizona Territory at-large
|
New district
|
New seat.
New delegate elected on an unknown date in 1864.
Republican gain
.
|
|
Montana Territory at-large
|
New district
|
New seat.
New delegate elected.
[n]
Democratic gain
.
|
|
39th Congress
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Excludes states admitted after the start of Congress.
- ^
a
b
Including late elections.
- ^
a
b
Represents the combined results of the Republican and Unionist candidates in the last election cycle.
- ^
In comparison to the combined results of the Republican and Unionist candidates in the last election cycle.
- ^
a
b
c
Includes 1
Independent Republican
,
John R. Kelso
, elected in
MO-04
.
- ^
Including Unconditional Unionists.
- ^
New state.
- ^
Changed from at-large.
- ^
Although "An Act to establish a uniform time for holding elections for electors of President and Vice President in all the States of the Union (28th Congress, 2nd Session, Chapter 1, 5
Stat.
721
, enacted January 23, 1845) was only for presidential elections, the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections.
- ^
Readmitted state.
- ^
Not admitted until July 24, 1866.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
Rejected election.
- ^
There were a total of 50 vacancies remaining, after the readmission of Tennessee.
- ^
a
b
Date speculative, but presumed to be in 1864
[25]
and 1865.
[26]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
14
Stat.
391
- ^
"IL District 05 - Special Race - May 19, 1864"
.
Our Campaigns
. March 10, 2010
. Retrieved
February 10,
2022
.
- ^
"The Resignation of Hon. Henry G. Stebbins, M.C."
The New York Times
. October 26, 1864
. Retrieved
February 13,
2017
.
- ^
"NY District 1 - Special Election Race - Nov 08, 1864"
.
Our Campaigns
. March 18, 2011
. Retrieved
February 10,
2022
.
- ^
"MD District 2 Race - Nov 07, 1865"
.
Our Campaigns
. March 9, 2004
. Retrieved
February 10,
2022
.
- ^
"MA District 6 - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1865"
.
Our Campaigns
. January 26, 2011
. Retrieved
February 10,
2022
.
- ^
"NY District 16 - Special Election - Nov 07, 1865"
.
Our Campaigns
. May 11, 2011
. Retrieved
February 10,
2022
.
- ^
Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898).
History of the Republican Party in Ohio
. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 195, 196.
- ^
"TN - District 01"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 02"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"
Vote of the Knoxville District
,"
Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator
, 13 September 1865, p. 2.
- ^
"TN - District 03"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 04"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 05"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 06"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 07"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"TN - District 08"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
February 18,
2021
.
- ^
"WV District 01"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
April 13,
2021
.
- ^
"WV District 02"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
April 13,
2021
.
- ^
"WV District 03"
.
Our Campaigns
. Retrieved
April 13,
2021
.
- ^
"Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results"
(PDF)
. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on April 5, 2012
. Retrieved
August 27,
2014
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate - Initial Election Race - Aug 02, 1864"
.
- ^
a
b
"Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate - Initial Election Race - Nov 08, 1864"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
.
- ^
a
b
"Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 07, 1865"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate Race - Aug 02, 1865"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
August 23,
2020
.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - ID Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 10, 1864"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
.
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998).
United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses
. McFarland and Company.
ISBN
978-0786402830
.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989).
The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989
. Macmillan Publishing Company.
ISBN
978-0029201701
.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994).
Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections
(Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc.
ISBN
978-0871879967
.
- Thompson; West (1881).
History of Nevada
. Oakland, California: Oakland, Cal., Thompson and West
. Retrieved
May 29,
2018
.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789?Present"
. Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives
. Retrieved
January 21,
2015
.
External links
[
edit
]
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