1802?03 United States Senate elections
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![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1802senatemap.svg/300px-1802senatemap.svg.png) Results:
Dem-Republican hold
Dem-Republican gain
Federalist hold
Legislature failed to elect
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The
1802?03 United States Senate elections
were held on various dates in various states. As these
U.S. Senate
elections were prior to the ratification of the
Seventeenth Amendment
in 1913, senators were chosen by
state legislatures
. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1802 and 1803, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to
legislative deadlock
.
[1]
In these elections, terms were up for the senators in
Class 1
.
The
Democratic-Republican Party
maintained and greatly expanded their majority of seats to over two-thirds of the Senate.
Change in composition
[
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]
Before the elections
[
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]
Accounting for the 1802 special elections in
New York
,
Rhode Island
, and
South Carolina
.
Result of the regular elections
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]
DR
6
|
DR
5
|
DR
4
|
DR
3
|
DR
2
|
DR
1
|
DR
7
|
DR
8
|
DR
9
|
DR
10
|
DR
11
|
DR
12
|
DR
13
|
DR
14
|
DR
15
|
DR
16
Md.
Re-elected
|
Majority →
|
DR
17
N.Y. (reg)
Gain
|
F
7
Conn.
Re-elected
|
F
8
Del.
Re-elected
|
F
9
Mass.
Hold
|
V
1
N.J. (reg)
Fed loss
|
V
2
Tenn.
DR loss
|
DR
21
Va. (reg)
Gain
|
DR
20
Vt.
Gain
|
DR
19
R.I.
Gain
|
DR
18
Pa.
Gain
|
F
6
|
F
5
|
F
4
|
F
3
|
F
2
|
F
1
|
Beginning of the first session, October 17, 1803
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DR
7
|
DR
6
|
DR
5
|
DR
4
|
DR
3
|
DR
2
|
DR
1
|
DR
8
|
DR
9
|
DR
10
|
DR
11
|
DR
12
|
DR
13
|
DR
14
|
DR
15
|
DR
16
|
DR
17
|
Majority →
|
DR
18
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F
8
|
F
9
|
DR
25
Ohio
New state
|
DR
24
Ohio
New state
|
DR
23
N.J. (reg)
Appointee elected
|
DR
22
Tenn.
Re-elected
|
DR
21
|
DR
20
|
DR
19
|
F
7
|
F
6
|
F
5
|
F
4
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F
3
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F
2
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F
1
|
Race summaries
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Unless noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the 7th Congress
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In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1803; ordered by election date.
Races leading to the 8th Congress
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]
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1803; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State
|
Incumbent
|
Results
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Candidates
|
Senator
|
Party
|
Electoral history
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Connecticut
|
James Hillhouse
|
Federalist
|
1796
|
Incumbent
re-elected
October 27, 1802.
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Delaware
|
Samuel White
|
Federalist
|
1801
(Appointed)
|
Incumbent
re-elected
January 11, 1803.
|
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Maryland
|
John E. Howard
|
Federalist
|
1796
(special)
1796
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator
elected
November 17, 1802.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
|
Massachusetts
|
Jonathan Mason
|
Federalist
|
1800
(special)
|
Incumbent retired.
New senator
elected
February 7, 1803, on the fourth ballot.
Federalist hold.
|
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New Jersey
|
Aaron Ogden
|
Federalist
|
1801
(special)
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Federalist loss.
|
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New York
|
Gouverneur Morris
|
Federalist
|
1800
(special)
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator
elected
February 1, 1803, on the 2nd ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
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Pennsylvania
|
James Ross
|
Federalist
|
1794
(special)
1797
|
Incumbent retired.
New senator
elected
December 14, 1802.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
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Rhode Island
|
Theodore Foster
|
Federalist
|
1796
|
Incumbent retired.
New senator
elected
in 1802.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
|
Tennessee
|
Joseph Anderson
|
Democratic-
Republican
|
1799
(special)
|
Legislature did not elect until September 22, 1803, after the term began, see below.
[
citation needed
]
Democratic-Republican loss
.
|
None.
|
Vermont
|
Nathaniel Chipman
|
Federalist
|
1797
(special)
|
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator
elected
in 1802.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
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Virginia
|
Stevens Mason
|
Democratic-
Republican
|
1794
(special)
1796
|
Incumbent
re-elected
in 1803.
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Special elections during the 8th Congress
[
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]
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1803 after March 4.
State
|
Incumbent
|
Results
|
Candidates
|
Senator
|
Party
|
Electoral history
|
Ohio
(Class 1)
|
New seat
|
Ohio joined the Union in 1803.
Winner
elected
April 1, 1803
.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
|
Ohio
(Class 3)
|
New seat
|
Ohio joined the Union in 1803.
Winner
elected
April 1, 1803
.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
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Tennessee
(Class 1)
|
Vacant
|
Legislature had failed to elect.
[
citation needed
]
Predecessor
re-elected
late
September 22, 1803
on the 4th ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
|
|
New Jersey
(Class 1)
|
John Condit
|
Democratic-Republican
|
1803
(Appointed)
|
Legislature had failed to elect.
Condit was then appointed September 1, 1803, to continue the term.
He was then
elected
November 3, 1803
.
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Virginia
(Class 1)
|
John Taylor
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Democratic-Republican
|
1792
(special)
1793
|
Predecessor
Stevens T. Mason
(DR) had died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term.
Interim appointee served from June 4, 1803, and did not seek election to finish the term.
Winner
elected
December 7, 1803
.
Democratic-Republican hold.
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Early race leading to the Congress-after-next
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]
In this regular election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.
This election involved a Class 2 seat.
Connecticut
[
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]
Federalist incumbent James Hillhouse (originally elected in 1796) was re-elected.
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
October 2019
)
|
Delaware
[
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]
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
October 2019
)
|
Maryland
[
edit
]
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
November 2022
)
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1802 United States Senate election in Maryland
|
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Samuel Smith
won election over
John Eager Howard
by a margin of 21.05%, or 16 votes, for the Class 1 seat.
[18]
Massachusetts
[
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]
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
October 2019
)
|
New Hampshire (special)
[
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]
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
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.
(
October 2019
)
|
New Jersey
[
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]
Senator
John Condit
There were two elections to the class 1 seat.
New Jersey (regular)
[
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]
The
New Jersey legislature
failed to elect by the March 4, 1803, beginning of the term.
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
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.
(
October 2019
)
|
New Jersey (special)
[
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]
The governor appointed Democratic-Republican
John Condit
September 1, 1803, to continue the term. Condit was then unanimously elected November 3, 1803, to finish the term. No vote totals were recorded.
[19]
New York
[
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]
New York (special)
[
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]
Senator
DeWitt Clinton
Democratic-Republican
John Armstrong Jr.
, who had held the class 3 seat since 1801, resigned February 5, 1802, and Democratic-Republican
DeWitt Clinton
was elected February 23, 1802, to finish the term. Clinton, however, resigned November 4, 1803, and Armstrong was appointed December 8, 1803, to his old seat.
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
October 2019
)
|
New York (regular)
[
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]
Senator
Theodorus Bailey
Federalist
Gouverneur Morris
lost re-election to the class 1 seat to Democratic-Republican
Theodorus Bailey
in 1803.
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
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.
(
October 2019
)
|
Ohio
[
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]
Ohio joined the Union in 1803. New Democratic-Republican senators were elected April 1, 1803. Official records indicate that
John Smith
and
Thomas Worthington
were elected, and that Smith received the "long" term, while Worthington received the "short" one. They do not indicate if there were other candidates, or what the vote totals were.
[20]
Pennsylvania
[
edit
]
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needs expansion
. You can help by
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.
(
October 2019
)
|
Rhode Island
[
edit
]
![[icon]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png) | This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
October 2019
)
|
South Carolina (special)
[
edit
]
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needs expansion
. You can help by
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.
(
October 2019
)
|
Tennessee
[
edit
]
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needs expansion
. You can help by
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.
(
October 2019
)
|
Vermont
[
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]
Federalist Senator
Nathaniel Chipman
lost re-election to Democratic-Republican
Israel Smith
. Smith received 102 votes in the
Vermont House of Representatives
and 9 from the
Governor
and
Council
.
[12]
Spencer received 75 votes from the House and 4 from the Governor and Council.
[12]
Virginia
[
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]
There were two elections to the same seat as the newly-re-elected senator died at the beginning of the next term.
Virginia (regular)
[
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]
Two-term Democratic-Republican
Stevens Mason
was re-elected in 1803.
Virginia (special)
[
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]
Senator
Abraham B. Venable
Mason died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. Democratic-Republican
John Taylor
was appointed but chose not to run to finish the term. Democratic-Republican
Abraham B. Venable
was elected December 7, 1803, as the unanimous choice of the
Virginia General Assembly
. No vote totals were recorded.
[16]
See also
[
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References
[
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]
- ^
"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)"
.
National Archives and Records Administration
. February 8, 2022.
- ^
"New York 1802 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing The Poughkeepsie Journal (Poughkeepsie, NY). February 16, 1802.
- ^
"New Hampshire 1802 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 24, 1802. The Providence Gazette (Providence, RI). July 3, 1802.
- ^
"South Carolina 1802 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Original Election Returns. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia. The Carolina Gazette (Charleston, SC). December 16, 1802. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 22, 1802.
- ^
"Connecticut 1802 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 4, 1802.
- ^
"Delaware 1803 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1803. 13-14.
- ^
"Maryland 1802 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1802. 10.
- ^
"Massachusetts 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). February 5, 1803. The Independent Chronicle (Boston, MA). February 7, 1803. Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). February 9, 1803. Hampshire Gazette (Northampton, MA). February 9, 1803. Boston Gazette (Boston, MA). February 10, 1803. Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). March 1, 1803. Frederick-Town Herald (Fredericktown, MD). March 5, 1803.
- ^
"New Jersey 1802 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Middlebury Mercury (Middlebury, VT). December 15, 1802.
- ^
"New York 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1803. 39-40.
- ^
"Rhode Island 1802 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 31,
2018
.
, citing The Providence Phoenix (Providence, RI). November 2, 1802.
- ^
a
b
c
"Bennington: October 25, 1802"
.
City Gazette
.
Charleston, South Carolina
. November 20, 1802. p. 2 – via GenealogyBank.com.
- ^
"Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 1,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 21-22.
- ^
"New Jersey 1803 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 8, 1803.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - Candidate - John Condit"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
October 5,
2019
.
"Our Campaigns - Candidate - John Condit"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
October 5,
2019
.
- ^
a
b
"Richmond: December 10, 1803"
.
Wilmington, North Carolina
:
Wilmington Gazette
. December 27, 1803. p. 4.
Mr. Taylor having declined to serve longer, Abraham B. Venable, esq., was on Wednesday last unanimously elected by the General Assembly in the room of Mr. Taylor.
- ^
"Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 30,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 27. Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia, PA). October 18, 1803. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796-1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 17, 1802"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
. Retrieved
November 4,
2022
.
- ^
New Jersey Legislature (1804).
Minutes and Proceedings of the Joint Meeting, November 3, 1803
. Trenton, NJ: Sherman, Mershon & Thomas. p. 44.
- ^
Taylor, William A. (1900).
Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901
.
Columbus, Ohio
: Century Publishing Co. p.
96
– via
Internet Archive
.
Sources
[
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]