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1798?99 United States Senate elections
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![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/1798senatemap.svg/300px-1798senatemap.svg.png)
Federalist hold
Democratic-Republican hold
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The
1798?99 United States Senate elections
were held on various dates in various states. As these
U.S. Senate
elections were prior to the ratification of the
Seventeenth Amendment
in 1913, senators were chosen by
state legislatures
. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1798 and 1799, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to
legislative deadlock
.
[1]
In these elections, terms were up for the senators in
Class 2
.
They occurred in the middle of President
John Adams
's administration, and had no net change in political control of the Senate.
Results summary
[
edit
]
Senate party division,
6th Congress
(1799?1801)
- Majority party: Federalist (22)
- Minority party: Democratic-Republican (9)
- Other parties: 0
- Total seats: 31
Change in composition
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]
Before the elections
[
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]
After the January 19, 1798, election in Delaware.
DR
6
Ky.
Ran
|
DR
5
Ga.
Unknown
|
DR
4
|
DR
3
|
DR
2
|
DR
1
|
DR
7
N.C.
Ran
|
DR
8
S.C.
Ran
|
DR
9
Tenn.
Retired
|
DR
10
Va.
Ran
|
F
22
R.I.
Ran
|
F
21
N.J.
Retired
|
F
20
N.H.
Ran
|
F
19
Mass.
Retired
|
F
18
Del.
Died
|
F
17
|
Majority →
|
F
7
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F
8
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F
9
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F
10
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F
11
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F
12
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F
13
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F
14
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F
15
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F
16
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F
6
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F
5
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F
4
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F
3
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F
2
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F
1
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Results of the elections
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]
DR
6
Ky.
Re-elected
|
DR
5
Ga.
Hold
|
DR
4
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DR
3
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DR
2
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DR
1
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DR
7
N.C.
Hold
|
DR
8
S.C.
Re-elected
|
DR
9
Tenn.
Hold
|
DR
10
Va.
Re-elected
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F
22
N.J.
Hold
|
F
21
Mass.
Hold
|
F
20
Del.
Hold
|
F
19
R.I.
Re-elected
|
F
18
N.H.
Re-elected
|
F
17
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Majority →
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F
7
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F
8
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F
9
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F
10
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F
11
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F
12
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F
13
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F
14
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F
15
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F
16
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F
6
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F
5
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F
4
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F
3
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F
2
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F
1
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Beginning of the next Congress
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DR
6
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DR
5
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DR
4
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DR
3
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DR
2
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DR
1
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DR
7
Re-elected
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DR
8
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DR
9
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V
1
Va.
Died
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F
22
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F
21
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F
20
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F
19
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F
18
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F
17
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Majority →
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F
7
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F
8
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F
9
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F
10
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F
11
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F
12
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F
13
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F
14
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F
15
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F
16
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F
6
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F
5
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F
4
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F
3
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F
2
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F
1
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Race summaries
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Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the 5th Congress
[
edit
]
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1799; ordered by election date.
State
|
Incumbent
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Results
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Candidates
|
Senator
|
Party
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First elected
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New York
(Class 1)
|
Philip Schuyler
|
Federalist
|
1789
[a]
|
Incumbent resigned January 3, 1798, due to ill health.
New senator
elected
January 11, 1798
.
Federalist hold.
Winner later resigned, see below.
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Delaware
(Class 2)
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John Vining
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Federalist
|
1792
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Incumbent resigned January 19, 1798.
New senator
elected
January 19, 1798
.
Federalist hold.
Winner died August 11, 1798, see below.
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New York
(Class 1)
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William North
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Federalist
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May 1798
(Appointed)
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Interim appointee served until winner qualified.
New senator
elected
August 24, 1798
.
Federalist hold.
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South Carolina
(Class 2)
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John Hunter
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Democratic-Republican
|
1796
(special)
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Incumbent resigned November 26, 1798.
New senator
elected
December 6, 1798
.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New senator also elected to next term, see below.
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Tennessee
(Class 1)
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Daniel Smith
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Democratic-Republican
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October 1798
(Appointed)
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Interim appointee retired when successor qualified.
New senator
elected
December 12, 1798
.
Winner qualified upon retirement from other Senate seat on March 3, 1799.
Democratic-Republican hold.
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Delaware
(Class 2)
|
Joshua Clayton
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Federalist
|
1798
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Died August 11, 1798.
New senator
elected
January 17, 1799
.
Federalist hold.
Winner also elected to next term, see below.
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New Jersey
(Class 1)
|
Franklin Davenport
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Federalist
|
1798
(Appointed)
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Interim appointee served until winner qualified.
New senator
elected
February 21, 1799
on the third ballot.
Federalist hold.
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Races leading to the 6th Congress
[
edit
]
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1799; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State
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Incumbent
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Results
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Candidates
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Senator
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Party
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First elected
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Delaware
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Joshua Clayton
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Federalist
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1798
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Died August 11, 1798.
New senator
elected
January 17, 1799.
Federalist hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.
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Georgia
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Josiah Tattnall
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Democratic-Republican
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1796
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[
data missing
]
New senator
elected
January 18, 1799.
Democratic-Republican hold.
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Kentucky
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John Brown
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Democratic-Republican
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1792
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Incumbent
re-elected
November 30, 1798.
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Massachusetts
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Theodore Sedgwick
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Federalist
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1796
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Incumbent retired to
run for the U.S. House of Representatives
.
New senator
elected
June 14, 1798.
Federalist hold.
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New Hampshire
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Samuel Livermore
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Federalist
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1792
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Incumbent
re-elected
December 21, 1798.
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New Jersey
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Richard Stockton
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Federalist
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1796
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Incumbent retired.
New senator
elected
November 1, 1798.
Federalist hold.
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North Carolina
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Alexander Martin
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Democratic-Republican
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1792
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Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator
elected
December 12, 1798, on the ninth ballot.
[16]
Democratic-Republican hold.
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Rhode Island
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Ray Greene
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Federalist
|
1797
(special)
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Incumbent
re-elected
November 1, 1798.
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South Carolina
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Charles Pinckney
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Democratic-Republican
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1798
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Incumbent
re-elected
December 6, 1798.
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Tennessee
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Joseph Anderson
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Democratic-Republican
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1797
(special)
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Incumbent retired when elected to the Class 1 seat (see above).
New senator
elected
December 12, 1798.
Democratic-Republican hold.
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Virginia
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Henry Tazewell
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Democratic-Republican
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1794
(special)
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Incumbent
re-elected
in 1798.
Incumbent died January 24, 1799, before the term began.
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Special elections during the 6th Congress
[
edit
]
In this special election, the winner was seated after March 4, 1799, the beginning of the next Congress.
State
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Incumbent
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Results
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Candidates
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Senator
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Party
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First elected
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Virginia
(Class 2)
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Vacant
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Incumbent
Henry Tazewell
(DR) had been re-elected in 1798 but died January 24, 1799, before the term began.
New senator
elected
December 5, 1799
on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain
.
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See also
[
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Notes
[
edit
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References
[
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]
- ^
"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)"
.
National Archives and Records Administration
. February 8, 2022.
- ^
May be "James Cocliran"
- ^
"New York 1798 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Connecticut Gazette (New London, CT). January 24, 1798.
- ^
"Delaware 1798 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1798. 36.
- ^
"New York 1798 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Connecticut Gazette (New London, CT). August 29, 1798.
- ^
Elected instead to other seat.
- ^
a
b
"Tennessee 1798 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
January 31,
2018
.
, citing White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796?1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952.
- ^
"Delaware 1799 U.S. Senate, Special"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1799.
- ^
"New Jersey 1799 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing The Genius of Liberty (Morristown, NJ). February 21, 1799.
- ^
"Delaware 1799 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1799.
- ^
"Georgia 1799 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). February 5, 1799.
- ^
"Kentucky 1798 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing The Palladium: A Literary and Political Weekly Repository (Frankfort, KY). December 4, 1798.
- ^
"Massachusetts 1798 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Connecticut Gazette (New London, CT). June 20, 1798.
- ^
"New Hampshire 1798 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Journal of the New Hampshire Senate, 1799. 38?45, 50?51. Journal of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, 1799. 42?45.
- ^
"New Jersey 1798 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 6, 1798. The Genius of Liberty (Morristown, NJ). November 8, 1798.
- ^
"Our Campaigns - NC US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1798"
.
www.ourcampaigns.com
.
- ^
"North Carolina 1798 U.S. Senate, Ballot 9"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Legislative Papers for 1798. Box 157. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.
- ^
"Rhode Island 1798 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing The Newport Mercury (Newport, RI). November 6, 1798.
- ^
"Virginia 1798 U.S. Senate"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing Samuel Shield to Henry Tazewell. December 13, 1798.
- ^
"Virginia 1799 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2"
.
Tufts Digital Collations and Archives
. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787?1825.
Tufts University
. Retrieved
February 5,
2018
.
, citing The Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 13, 1799. Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina Weekly Advertiser (Raleigh, NC). December 17, 1799.