Millennium between 13,000 BC and 12,001 BC
Millennia
:
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Centuries
:
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- 130th century BC
- 129th century BC
- 128th century BC
- 127th century BC
- 126th century BC
- 125th century BC
- 124th century BC
- 123rd century BC
- 122nd century BC
- 121st century BC
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The
13th millennium BC
spanned the years 13,000 BC to 12,001 BC (c. 15 ka to c. 14 ka). This millennium is during the
Upper Paleolithic
period. It is impossible to precisely date events that happened during this millennium, and all dates associated with this millennium are estimates mostly based on geological analysis, anthropological analysis, and radiometric dating.
Geology
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Animals
[
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]
In
France
, the first
incisor
from a
red deer
is dated to the 13-12th millennium BC.
In Levantine Natufian sites, dogs occur as early as this millennium.
Environmental changes
[
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More than a century ago, it first became clear how much of the
Magdalenian
and
Azilian
underwent change in
Western Europe
.
Since that time, these mutations succeeding one another between the 14th and
12th millennium BC
, particularly during the Lateglacial warming, were often seen as a real revolution, frequently described through the filter of myths of catastrophes which then inspired and at times still influences prehistoric research.
Human culture
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Humans
[
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It is known that
obsidian
mining in
Asia Minor
was well underway by this millennium.
Obsidian
was a resource that
hunter-gatherers
may have traded during this millennium.
Technology and agriculture
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]
The frequency of occurrence of fundamental tool groups such as end-scrapers, burins, truncated pieces, backed pieces, perforators, and combination tools in
Moravian
inventory is most closely matched and is dated to the late 13th - early
11th millennium BC
.
From the 17th to the
9th millennium BC
, no surface
pressure flaking
technology is known to have existed in
Europe
.
Computer simulations
demonstrate that "proto"
agriculture
might have started far earlier than the
Fertile Crescent's
conventional "beginning" of agriculture, which is supposed to have occurred around the time of the 13th millennium BC's
last glacial maximum
(LGM) or the beginning of the
9th millennium BC
.
This "proto-agriculture" phases may have begun (perhaps separately) across
Eurasia
and
Africa
at various locations.
Other cultural developments
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Jebel Sahaba
, a prehistoric battle site, dates to the 17-12th millennium BC.
Round
corrals
have been discovered in archaeological settings dating back to this millennium.
Boncuklu
and
Pınarba?ı
sites stretch back to this millennium.
Notes
[
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Bibliography
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]
Books
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]
Journals
[
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]
- Binois, Annelise; Bridault, Anne; Pion, Gilbert; Ducrocq, Thierry (March 2014).
"Dental Development Pathology in Wild artiodactyls: Two Prehistoric Case Studies from France"
(PDF)
.
International Journal of Paleopathology
.
4
(1): 53?58.
doi
:
10.1016/j.ijpp.2013.11.002
.
PMID
29539502
. Retrieved
2 March
2023
.
- Valentin, Boris (2008).
"Magdalenian and Azilian Lithic Productions in the Paris Basin: Disappearance of a Programmed Economy"
.
The Arkotek Journal
.
2
(1)
. Retrieved
2 March
2023
.
- Hole, Frank; Wyllie, Cherra (2007).
"The Oldest Depictions of Canines and a Possible Early Breed of Dog in Iran"
.
Paleorient
.
33
(1): 175.
doi
:
10.3406/paleo.2007.5213
. Retrieved
2 March
2023
.
- Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Dias-Meirinho, Marie-Helene; Zazzo, Antoine; Antoine, Daniel; Bon, Francois (2021).
"New insights on interpersonal violence in the Late Pleistocene based on the Nile valley cemetery of Jebel Sahaba"
.
Scientific Reports
.
11
(1): 9991.
Bibcode
:
2021NatSR..11.9991C
.
doi
:
10.1038/s41598-021-89386-y
.
ISSN
2045-2322
.
PMC
8159958
.
PMID
34045477
.
- Hodder, Ian (2011).
"The Role of Religion in the Neolithic of the Middle East and Anatolia with Particular Reference to Catalhoyuk"
(PDF)
.
Paleorient
.
37
(1): 117.
doi
:
10.3406/paleo.2011.5442
. Retrieved
22 May
2023
.
- Redding, Richard (2011).
"The OK Corral: Standing Wall Island Mystery, Solved"
(PDF)
.
Aeragram: Ancient Egypt Research Associates
.
12
(1): 4.
ISSN
1944-0014
. Retrieved
24 May
2023
.
- Wi?niewski, Tomasz S; Mroczek, Przemysław; Rodzik, Jan; Zagorski, Piotr; Wilczy?ski, Jacek R; Fi?akova, Miriam Nyvltova (25 October 2012).
"Erratum to "On the Periphery of the Magdalenian World: an open-air Site in Klementowice (Lublin Upland, Eastern Poland)" [Quat. Int. 272?273 (2012) 308?321]"
(PDF)
.
Quaternary International
. 276?277 (1): 309.
Bibcode
:
2012QuInt.276..300W
.
doi
:
10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.2106
. Retrieved
25 May
2023
.
Conference reports
[
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]
- Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. (2015).
From Newgrange to Stonehenge: Monuments to a Bull Cult and Origins of Innovation
. Emeritus Professor, School Of Architecture and Urban Design, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. In residence at Ormond Beach, Florida. Lawrence, Kansas, USA: University of Kansas. pp. 26, 27
. Retrieved
7 June
2023
– via Researchgate.