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Year 1378 ( MCCCLXXVIII ) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .

Events [ edit ]

January–December [ edit ]

• January – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor , visits his nephew Charles V of France in Paris, to celebrate publicly the friendship between their two nations.
• January 13 – Bal?a II succeeds his brother, Durađ I , as ruler of Lower Zeta (modern-day Montenegro ).
• March – In England , John Wycliffe tries to promote his ideas for Catholic reform by laying his theses before Parliament, and making them public in a tract . He is subsequently summoned before the Archbishop of Canterbury , Simon of Sudbury , at the episcopal palace at Lambeth , to defend his actions.
• April 9 – Following the death of Pope Gregory XI , and riots in Rome calling for a Roman pope, the cardinals, who are mostly French, elect Pope Urban VI (Bartolomeo Prignano, Archbishop of Bari ) as the 202nd Pope .
• April 16 – Da'ud Shah succeeds his assassinated nephew, Aladdin Mujahid Shah, as ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate in modern-day southern India . Da'ud Shah is assassinated in the following month, and is succeeded by Mohammad Shah II.
• May – Uskhal Khan Togus Temur succeeds his father, Biligtu Khan Ayushiridara , as ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia .
• July 21 – Ciompi Revolt : Discontented wool carders briefly take over the government of Florence .
• August 4 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti succeeds his father, Galeazzo II Visconti , as ruler of Milan .
• August 11 – Battle of the Vozha River : Prince Dmitri Ivanovich of Moscow resists a small invasion by the Mongol Blue Horde under Mamai .
• September – A contract is set up between Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton and the mason Johan Lewyn, for the construction of Bolton Castle in the north of England.
• September 20 – Unhappy with Pope Urban's critical attitude towards them, the majority of the cardinals meet at Fondi , elect Clement VII as antipope , and establish a rival papal court at Avignon . This split within the Catholic Church becomes known as the Western Schism . France, Aragon , Castile and Leon , Cyprus , Burgundy , Savoy , Naples and Scotland choose to recognise Antipope Clement VII . Denmark , England, Flanders , the Holy Roman Empire , Hungary , northern Italy , Ireland , Norway , Poland and Sweden continue to recognise Pope Urban VI .
• November 10 – Estimated appearance date of Halley's Comet . ^[1]
• November 29 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor , dies in Prague . He is succeeded by his son, Wenceslaus , as King of Bohemia , but the office of Holy Roman Emperor falls into abeyance, until Charles's son Sigismund is crowned in 1433 .

Date unknown [ edit ]

• The Raseborg Castle is mentioned for the first time in documents, ^[2] but its actual date of foundation is unknown.
• Tokhtamysh dethrones Temur-Malik to become Khan of the White Horde .
• Uthman Beg establishes the Aq Qoyunlu (Turkomans of the White Sheep) dynasty at Diyarbakır , in modern-day southeast Turkey .
• Ottoman Turks capture the town of Ihtiman in west Bulgaria .
• Tai Bian succeeds Zhao Bing Fa as King of Mong Mao (modern-day northern Myanmar ).
• Sa'im al-Dahr is hanged for blowing the nose off the Great Sphinx of Giza . ^[3]

Births [ edit ]

• January 23 – Louis III, Elector Palatine (d. 1436 )
• May 27 – Zhu Quan , Chinese military commander, historian and playwright (d. 1448 )
• August 16 – Hongxi Emperor of China (d. 1425 )
• October 24 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay , heir to throne of Scotland (d. 1402 ) ^[4]
• December 31 – Pope Callixtus III (d. 1458 )
• date unknown
  • Vittorino da Feltre , Italian humanist (d. 1446 )
  • Joan II, Countess of Auvergne , French vassal (d. 1424 )
  • Lorenzo Ghiberti , Italian sculptor and metal-worker (d. 1455 )
  • John Hardyng , English chronicler (d. 1465 )
  • Narasimha Saraswati - Indian Guru and Saint

Deaths [ edit ]

• February 6 – Joanna of Bourbon , queen consort of Charles V of France (b. 1338 )
• March 27 – Pope Gregory XI (b. c. 1329 )
• July – Owain Lawgoch , titular Prince of Wales and mercenary – assassinated (b. c. 1330 )
• August 4 – Galeazzo II Visconti , Lord of Milan (b. c. 1320 )
• November 29 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1316 )
• November 30 – Andrew Stratford , English verderer and landowner

References [ edit ]