From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Year
1257
(
MCCLVII
) was a
common year starting on Monday
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
.
Events
[
edit
]
By place
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
- January 13
– At the first recorded meeting of the college of the seven
Electors
of the
Holy Roman Empire
, the 48-year-old
Richard of Cornwall
(the brother of King
Henry III of England
) is elected
King of the Romans
. He is crowned at
Aachen
, on
May 17
. His candidacy is opposed by King
Alfonso X
(
the Wise
), Pope
Alexander IV
and King
Louis IX
(
the Saint
) favour Alfonso, but both are ultimately convinced by Richard's sister-in-law, Queen
Eleanor of Provence
, to support Richard.
[1]
- Spring – The
Epirote?Nicaean conflict
begins between the
Despotate of Epirus
and the
Empire of Nicaea
. Despot
Michael II Komnenos Doukas
revolts and defeats the Nicaean army under
George Akropolites
. The Epirote and Serbian forces join their attacks against Michael, who sends his forces into
Macedonia
and marches on to
Thessalonica
. In response, Michael is attacked ? on the west coast of Epirus ? by
Manfred of Sicily
. Manfred first occupies the major
Ionian Islands
, including
Corfu
. Then he lands on the Albanian coast and takes
Durazzo
,
Berat
,
Valona
and their environs.
[2]
- The pagan
Karelians
start a destructive expedition to
Sweden
in which King
Valdemar
requests Alexander IV to declare a crusade against them. This leads to the
Third Swedish Crusade
to
Finland
(see
1293
).
British Isles
[
edit
]
- Battle of Cadfan
: An English expeditionary army under
Stephen Bauzan
is ambushed and defeated by Welsh forces. The English are decimated by devastating guerilla attacks and the Welsh capture the English supply train. Stephen Bauzan is killed along with some 1,000?3,000 of his men. The remaining English flee the battle, Prince
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
is said to have been present at the battle, collecting spoils from the fallen English army. According to sources, it is one of the greatest victories of a Welsh army in the field against a much more powerful English force.
[3]
- King
Henry III
orders the production of a
twenty pence
, English coin of pure gold. Unfortunately, the
bullion
value of the coins is about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation, as coins are melted down by individuals for their gold content.
- Henry III relents to the demands of his son
Edward
(
the Lord Edward
) for assistance to fight the Welsh (see
1256
). He joins him on a campaign to retake the territories lost to the Welsh forces led by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd.
- Battle of Creadran Cille
: Norman invading forces under
Maurice FitzGerald
are driven out by
Gofraid O'Donnell
in northern
Connacht
. Later, FitzGerald is killed in personal combat by O'Donnell, on
May 20
.
[4]
Levant
[
edit
]
Mongol Empire
[
edit
]
Asia
[
edit
]
- March – The Japanese
K?gen
era ends and the
Sh?ka
era begins during the reign of the 14-year-old Emperor
Go-Fukakusa
(until 1259).
By topic
[
edit
]
City and Towns
[
edit
]
Education
[
edit
]
Literature
[
edit
]
- Matthew Paris
, English monk and chronicler, personally interviews Henry III for an entire week while compiling his major work of English history,
Chronica Majora
.
Natural Disaster
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
- March 24
–
Yolanda I
, French noblewoman (d.
1314
)
- August 15
–
Muhammad III
, ruler of
Granada
(d. 1314)
- October 14
–
Przemysł II
, king of
Poland
(d.
1296
)
- Agnes of Brandenburg
, queen of
Denmark
(d.
1304
)
- Beatrice of Burgundy
, French noblewoman (d.
1310
)
- Frederick I
(
the Brave
), German
nobleman
(d.
1323
)
- Malise III of Strathearn
, Scottish nobleman (d.
1312
)
- Parsoma
(
the Naked
), Egyptian Coptic
hermit
(d.
1317
)
- Philip III of Falkenstein
, count of
Munzenberg
(d.
1322
)
- Robert de Vere
, English nobleman and knight (d.
1331
)
- William Russell
, English nobleman and knight (d.
1311
)
Deaths
[
edit
]
- April 10
–
Izz al-Din Aybak
, ruler of the
Mamluk Sultanate
- April 26
–
Euphemia de Walliers
, English nun and
abbess
- May 3
–
Katherine of England
, English princess (b.
1253
)
- May 5
–
Haakon the Young
, junior king of
Norway
(b.
1232
)
- May 17
–
Choe Hang
, Korean general and dictator (b.
1209
)
- May 20
–
Maurice FitzGerald
, Norman nobleman and knight
- June 4
–
Przemysł I
, Polish nobleman and co-ruler (b.
1221
)
- June 8
–
Simon of Elmham
, English
prior
and bishop-elect
- August 15
–
Hyacinth of Poland
, Polish missionary (b.
1185
)
- December 24
–
John of Avesnes
, count of
Hainaut
(b.
1218
)
- December 26
–
Richard Blund
(or
Blundy
), English bishop
- Lanfranc Cigala
(or
Cicala
), Genoese nobleman and knight
- Maria of Antioch-Armenia
, Outremer noblewoman (b.
1215
)
- Matilda I
, countess of
Nevers
,
Auxerre
and
Tonnerre
(b.
1188
)
- Mohammad Baba as-Samasi
, Abbasid
Sufi
leader (b.
1195
)
- Roger Weseham
, English bishop of
Coventry
and
Lichfield
- Sartaq Khan
(or
Sartak
), Mongol ruler of the
Golden Horde
- Stephen Bauzan
, English nobleman,
seneschal
and knight
- Valdemar III
(
Abelsøn
), Danish prince and heir apparent
- Willikin of the Weald
, English warrior and guerrilla leader
- Yuan Haowen
, Chinese politician, poet and writer (b.
1190
)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Hywel Williams (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
, p. 143.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8
.
- ^
Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994).
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
, pp. 160?161. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
ISBN
0-472-08260-4
.
- ^
"Welsh Battlefields"
. Retrieved
April 13,
2009
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (
link
)
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).
O'Donnell ? Encyclopædia Britannica
, pp. 6?8. Vol 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^
Steven Runciman
(1952).
A History of The Crusades. Vol III: Kingdom of Acre
, p. 238.
ISBN
978-0-241-29877-0
.
- ^
Rossabi, Morris (2009).
Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times
, pp. 24?27. University of California Press.
ISBN
978-0-520-26132-7
.
- ^
Steven Runciman (1952).
A History of The Crusades. Vol III: Kingdom of Acre
, p. 252.
ISBN
978-0-241-29877-0
.
- ^
"La fondation de la Sorbonne au Moyen Age par le theologien Robert de Sorbon"
. La Chancellerie des Universites de Paris
. Retrieved
March 4,
2021
.
- ^
Amos, Jonathan (September 30, 2013).
"Mystery 13th Century eruption traced to Lombok, Indonesia"
.
BBC News
. BBC
. Retrieved
September 30,
2013
.
- ^
Alberge, Dalya (August 4, 2012).
"Mass grave in London reveals how volcano caused global catastrophe"
.
The Guardian
. London.