From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rifle cartridge
12.7×108mm
|
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A 12.7×108mm cartridge
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Type
| Heavy machine gun
Anti-materiel rifle
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Place of origin
| Soviet Union
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|
In service
| 1935?present
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Used by
| Soviet Union and successor states
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Wars
| Winter War
World War II
Korean War
Portuguese Colonial War
Vietnam War
Cambodian Civil War
Cambodian?Vietnamese War
Six-Day War
War of Attrition
The Troubles
Yom Kippur War
Soviet?Afghan War
Iran?Iraq War
Gulf War
Chechen War
Iraq War
War in Afghanistan
Libyan Civil War
Syrian Civil War
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Russo-Ukrainian War
|
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|
Case type
| Rimless, bottleneck
|
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Bullet diameter
| 12.98 mm (0.511 in)
|
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Neck diameter
| 13.95 mm (0.549 in)
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Shoulder diameter
| 18.90 mm (0.744 in)
|
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Base diameter
| 21.75 mm (0.856 in)
|
---|
Rim diameter
| 21.70 mm (0.854 in)
|
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Rim thickness
| 1.90 mm (0.075 in)
|
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Case length
| 108 mm (4.3 in)
|
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Overall length
| 147.50 mm (5.807 in)
|
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Case capacity
| 22.72 cm
3
(350.6
gr H
2
O
)
|
---|
Primer type
| Berdan
|
---|
Maximum pressure
| 360 MPa (52,000 psi)
|
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|
|
|
Bullet mass/type
|
Velocity
|
Energy
|
48.3 g (745 gr) API B32 57-BZ-542
|
820?860 m/s (2,700?2,800 ft/s)
|
16,240?17,861 J (11,978?13,174 ft?lbf)
|
55.4 g (855 gr) API-HC BS
|
820 m/s (2,700 ft/s)
|
18,625 J (13,737 ft?lbf)
|
56.6 g (873 gr) API-HC BS 7-BZ-1
|
820?825 m/s (2,690?2,710 ft/s)
|
19,029?19,621 J (14,035?14,472 ft?lbf)
|
59.2 g (914 gr) Sniper SN 7N34
|
770?785 m/s (2,530?2,580 ft/s)
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17,549?18,240 J (12,943?13,453 ft?lbf)
|
44.1 g (681 gr) Tulammo 680 gr hunting cartridge
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916?923 m/s (3,010?3,030 ft/s)
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18,501?18,785 J (13,646?13,855 ft?lbf)
|
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Test barrel length: 1000 mm
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The
12.7×108mm
cartridge is a
12.7 mm
heavy machine gun
and
anti-materiel rifle
cartridge
used by the former
Soviet Union
and
Warsaw Pact
countries, including Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, and many others. It was invented in 1934 to create a cartridge like the German
13.2mm TuF
anti-tank rifle round and the American
.50 Browning Machine Gun
round (12.7×99mm NATO).
It is used in the same roles as the
NATO
.50 BMG
(
12.7×99mm
NATO) cartridge. The two differ in bullet shape and weight, and the casing of the 12.7×108mm is slightly longer, and its larger case capacity allows it to hold slightly more of a different type of powder. The 12.7×108mm can be used to engage a wide variety of targets on the battlefield, and will destroy unarmored vehicles, penetrate lightly armored vehicles and damage external ancillary equipment (i.e.: searchlights, radar, transmitters, vision blocks, engine compartment covers) on heavily armored vehicles such as tanks.
[1]
It will also ignite gasoline and?since 2019?diesel fuel (experimental "Avers" AP/I round).
[2]
[3]
Cartridge dimensions
[
edit
]
The 12.7×108mm has 22.72
ml
(350
grains
) H
2
O cartridge case capacity.
12.7×108 maximum cartridge dimensions.
[
citation needed
]
All sizes in millimeters (mm).
Americans define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ? 18.16 degrees.
According to guidelines the 12.7×108mm case can handle up to 360 MPa (52,213 psi) piezo pressure. In
C.I.P.
regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be
proofed
at 125% of this maximum CIP pressure to certify for sale to consumers.
Cartridge types
[
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]
Soviet and Russian 12.7×108 types
[
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]
- Б-30 / B-30
- First version of 1930. Armor-piercing (
бронебойная
) bullet weighing 49 g (1.7 oz) and 64 mm (2.5 in) long with hardened steel core.
[4]
Replaced by B-32.
- БЗТ / BZT
- Pre-WW2 armor-piercing incendiary (
бронебойно-зажигательная
) tracer.
[4]
Replaced by BZT-44.
- Б-32 / B-32 (
GRAU#
57-BZ-542, 7-BZ-2)
- Steel-cored
API
bullet. Main type in use.
[4]
Penetrates 20 mm (0.79 in) NATO medium-hard RHA from 500 m (1,600 ft) at 0° when fired out of DShKM. Penetrates 20 mm (0.79 in) 2P steel from 100 m (330 ft) at 0° when fired out of NSV-12.7. First produced 1936; named after the B-32
7.62×54mmR
ammunition of 1932.
- БС-41 / BS-41
- API bullet weighing 55.4 g (1.95 oz) and 51 mm (2.0 in) long with a
cemented carbide
(Re8 WC-Co) core. Produced in small quantities at the beginning of WWII for the 12.7 mm Sholokhov anti-tank rifles (PTRSh-41).
- БЗТ-44 / BZT-44 (GRAU# 57-BZT-542)
- APIT with brighter tracer, usually used with B-32. Complemented by BZT-44M (GRAU# 57-BZT-542M) of 2002 with subdued tracer.
- БЗФ-46 / BZF-46
- API bullet with (white) phosphorus (
фосфорная
). Aircraft MG round.
- БС / BS (GRAU# 7-BZ-1)
[5]
- API bullet with cemented carbide (VK8 WC-Co, commonly called a "cermet" in Russian) core, developed in 1972. Ballistics also similar to B-32.
- МДЗ
/ MDZ (GRAU# 7-3-2)
- Immediate-action incendiary. Used in belt with B-32 and BZT-44(M).
[6]
- 12,7 1СЛ / 12.71SL (GRAU# 9-A-4012)
- 12,7 1СЛТ / 12.7 1SLT (GRAU# 9-A-4427)
- Tandem / duplex cartridge with two bullets inside, in normal and tracer versions. Developed 1985 for use by helicopter against soft targets.
[7]
- 12,7СН / 12.7SN (GRAU# 7N34)
- Sniper cartridge (FMJ; AP). Bullet weighs 59.2 g (2.09 oz) and travels at ~800 m/s (2,600 ft/s). Bullet consists of hardened tool steel tip and lead body. Able to defeat lightly-armored vehicles at 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and 10 mm (0.39 in) RHA at 800 m (2,600 ft).
[8]
Entered production in the 2000s.
[9]
- 12.7
Blank
(GRAU# 7H1)
- 12.7 UCH
Dummy
(GRAU# 7H2)
Note that some WW2 bullets share designations with ones for
14.5×114mm
.
Anti-tank and anti-materiel rifles
[
edit
]
Heavy machine guns
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Technical Intelligence Bulletins May - June 2003
Archived
August 13, 2006, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"ЦАМТО / Новости / В России создали новые зажигательные патроны калибра 12,7 мм"
[Russia has created new incendiary cartridges of 12.7 mm caliber].
armstrade.org
(in Russian)
. Retrieved
2021-05-07
.
- ^
RU patent 2655338C1
, TsNIITochMash, "CARTRIDGE WITH ARMOR-PIERCING INCENDIARY BULLET", issued 2018-05-25
- ^
a
b
c
Гнатовский Н. И., Шорин П. А. История развития отечественного стрелкового оружия. ? М.: Военное изд-во Министерства обороны СССР, 1959, с. 235
- ^
сайт ЗАО НПЗ
- ^
"12,7x107 крупнокалиберные патроны"
. 22 February 2018.
- ^
"12.7x107 large-caliber cartridges"
.
gunrf.ru
. 22 February 2018.
- ^
"12.7 mm 7N34 sniper cartridge 7N34"
.
Catalog Rosoboronexport
.
- ^
АСВК КОРД 12.7х108 и ОСВ-96 - YouTube
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Борцов А.Ю. "Пятилинейный",
Мастер-ружье
issue 110, May 2006, pp. 56?62
External links
[
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]