From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Alfonso VI
(
the Brave
) (r. 1077?1109)
Year
1085
(
MLXXXV
) was a
common year starting on Wednesday
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
.
Events
[
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]
By place
[
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]
Europe
[
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]
- May 25
– King
Alfonso VI
(
the Brave
) recaptures
Toledo
from the
Moors
, and occupies other cities such as
Madrid
and
Talavera
(including the castle of
Aledo
). Alfonso moves his capital to Toledo, and consolidates his power between
Sistema Central
and the
Tagus River
, from where he launches more attacks against the
taifas
of
Cordoba
,
Seville
,
Badajoz
and
Granada
(modern
Spain
).
- Summer –
Robert Guiscard
heads for the
Ionian Islands
despite an
epidemic
among troops on
Corfu
. His son,
Roger Borsa
, lands on
Cephalonia
but Guiscard falls sick as his ship approaches the northernmost headland and is carried ashore, where he dies of fever (on
July 17
).
- Emperor
Henry IV
declares the
Peace of God
in all the imperial territories of the
Holy Roman Empire
to quell any sedition.
- June 15
–
Vratislaus II
, a son of Duke
Bretislav I
, becomes the first king of
Bohemia
and is elevated 'for life' by Henry IV.
- Katedralskolan
in
Lund
(modern
Sweden
), the oldest school in
Scandinavia
, is founded by King
Canute IV of Denmark
.
England
[
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]
- The
Domesday Survey
is commissioned by King
William I
(
the Conqueror
),
[1]
apparently prompted by the abortive invasion of Canute IV, to ensure proper taxation and levies.
[2]
China
[
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]
- April 1
– Emperor
Zhe Zong
ascends the throne at the age of 8 under the supervision of his grandmother, Grand Empress Dowager
Gao
. She cancels the reform policy of Chancellor
Wang Anshi
.
- The output of
copper
currency for the Chinese
Song Dynasty
reaches 6 billion coins a year, prompting the Chinese government to adopt the world's first
paper-printed money
later in the
1120s
.
Births
[
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]
- September 19
–
Maria Komnene
, Byzantine princess
- Ahmad Sanjar
, Seljuk ruler of
Khorasan
(approximate date)
- Alberich of Reims
, archbishop of
Bourges
(approximate date)
[3]
- Avempace
, Andalusian
polymath
and philosopher (d.
1138
)
- Constantine Komnenos
, Byzantine aristocrat (approximate date)
- Elizabeth of Vermandois
, English countess (approximate date)
- Floris II
(
the Fat
), count of
Holland
(approximate date)
- Gilbert of Sempringham
, English priest (approximate date)
- Imad ad-Din Zengi
, Seljuk ruler of
Mosul
(approximate date)
- Meginhard I
, count of
Sponheim
(approximate date)
- Otomae
, Japanese female singer and musician (d.
1169
)
- Otto II
(
the Black
), Moravian prince (approximate date)
- Ralph I
(or
Raoul
), count of
Vermandois
(approximate date)
- Robert fitz Martin
, Norman knight and
nobleman
(d.
1159
)
- Stephen of Obazine
, French priest and
hermit
(d.
1154
)
- Waleran II
, duke of
Lower Lorraine
(approximate date)
- William of Montevergine
, Italian monk and
abbot
(d.
1142
)
- William the Simple
, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Zhang Zeduan
, Chinese
landscape painter
(d.
1145
)
- Zhu Bian
, Chinese diplomat,
poet
and writer (d.
1144
)
Deaths
[
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]
- January 3
–
Williram of Ebersberg
, German abbot
- April 1
–
Shen Zong
, emperor of the
Song Dynasty
(b.
1048
)
- May 25
–
Gregory VII
, pope of the
Catholic Church
- May 27
–
Gundred
(or
Gundreda
), English noblewoman
- June 19
–
Vitalis of Bernay
, Norman monk and abbot
- July 17
–
Robert Guiscard
, Norman warrior and nobleman
- August 19
–
Al-Juwayni
, Persian scholar and
imam
(b.
1028
)
- September 20
–
Hermann II
, German nobleman (b.
1049
)
- Alfanus I
(or
Alfano
), Italian physician and archbishop
- Al-Lakhmi
, Fatimid scholar,
jurist
and writer (b.
1006
)
- Cheng Hao
, Chinese
neo-Confucian
philosopher (b.
1032
)
- Maitripada
, Indian
Buddhist
philosopher (b.
1007
)
- Osbern Giffard
, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
- Wang Gui
, Chinese official and
chancellor
(b.
1019
)
- Y?suf Balasaguni
, Karakhanid statesman (b. 1019)
References
[
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]
