Person who has emigrated
An
emigre
(
French:
[emig?e]
) is a person who has
emigrated
, often with a connotation of political or social
exile
or self-exile. The word is the
past participle
of the French verb
emigrer
meaning "to emigrate".
French Huguenots
[
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]
Many French Huguenots fled France following the
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
in 1685.
The American Revolution
[
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]
Many
Loyalists
that made up large portions of colonial United States, particularly in the South, fled the United States during and after the
American Revolution
. Common destinations were other parts of the
British Empire
, such as
Upper Canada
,
Nova Scotia
,
Great Britain
,
Jamaica
, and the
British West Indies
. The new government often awarded the lands left by the fleeing Tories to Patriot soldiers by way of land grants.
[1]
[2]
The French Revolution
[
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]
Although the
French Revolution
began in 1789 as a
bourgeois
-led drive for increased political equality for the
Third Estate
, it soon turned into a violent popular rebellion. To escape political tensions and sometimes in fear for their lives, some emigrated from France, settling in neighboring countries, chiefly Great Britain, Spain, Germany, Austria, and Prussia. A few also migrated to North America.
Partitions of Poland and Polish uprisings
[
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]
Throughout the nineteenth century Poland was occupied by the
partitioning powers of Poland
:
Austria
,
Prussia
and
Russia
. Poles struggled for independence in a series of failed uprisings, which resulted in many having to seek refuge in Western Europe (known as the
Wielka Emigracja
) in order to avoid reprisals, such as being forcefully sent to the vast and harsh emptiness of
Siberia
. The exiles included artists, soldiers, politicians and prisoners-of-war who escaped from captivity. Most of the political emigres based themselves in
France
.
The spirit of Polish emigres lives on through one of the
unofficial mottos of Poland
:
For our freedom and yours
(
Polish
:
Za nasz? i wasz? wolno??
)
The Russian Revolution
[
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]
The
Bolshevik
Revolution of 1917
and the subsequent
Russian Civil War
led many notable political and intellectual figures to leave Russia and neighboring states. Among these,
Russian "White" emigres
, who fervently opposed the new communist regime, fled west after their defeat in the civil war.
[3]
Other groups would also leave Russia, most notably the
Mensheviks
as well as leaders and intellectuals from defeated countries such as the
Ukrainian People's Republic
and the
Democratic Republic of Georgia
.
Marx
and
Engels
, drafting their strategy for future revolutions in
The Communist Manifesto
, suggested confiscating the property of emigres to finance the revolution?a recommendation the Bolsheviks followed 70 years later.
After the October Revolution, more than 20,000 emigres went to
Finland
and
Yugoslavia
, notably
Pyotr Wrangel
. Many however moved on to France.
Paris
was the favourite destination for Russian emigres. Many others traveled east to China, especially to
Shanghai
.
Twentieth-century emigres
[
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]
Aristocrats
of some European countries were forced to leave their native lands by political upheavals from the beginning of the 20th century to the end of World War II opting to emigrate elsewhere such as the
Serbs
and
Romanians
in 1945 and after,
Hungarians
in 1956 and the
Czechs
and
Slovaks
in 1968.
In 2016, 5,411 US citizens living in other countries
relinquished their US citizenship
.
[4]
This is often attributed to extraterritorial laws on US citizens, such as the
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
of 2010.
[5]
[
need quotation to verify
]
In comparison, there were only 235
expatriations
in 2008.
South Africa
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]
After the historical electoral victory in South Africa by the ANC (
African National Congress
) in 1994, many
Afrikaners
emigrated from South Africa to other countries, citing discrimination in employment and social violence as reasons.
[6]
According to the 2011 Australian census there are 145,683 South African emigres, born in South Africa, in Australia, of whom 30,291 reside in the city of
Perth
or greater Perth area.
[7]
See also
[
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]
References
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]
External links
[
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]
Look up
emigre
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.