United States historic place
The Cairo
apartment building, located at 1615 Q Street NW in
Washington, D.C.
, is a landmark in the
Dupont Circle
neighborhood and the District of Columbia's tallest residential building. Designed by architect
Thomas Franklin Schneider
and completed in 1894 as the city's first "residential
skyscraper
", the 164-foot (50 m)-tall brick building spurred local regulations and
federal legislation
limiting building height in the city that continue to shape Washington's skyline.
[1]
[2]
Today, the Cairo is a
condominium
building, home to renters and owners of apartments ranging in size from small studios to multi-level two- and three-bedroom units.
Appearance
[
edit
]
The Egyptian theme of the building is stamped across its
Moorish
and
Romanesque Revival
features.
Gargoyles
perch high above the front entrance; some are winged
griffins
staring down from
cornices
, and others are more lighthearted. Along the first floor are elephant heads, which look left and right from the stone window sills of the front windows and which interlock trunks at the corners of the entrance arch. On the fourth floor are dragon and dwarf crosses. The carved stone facade hints at more exotic Middle Eastern origins.
The U-shaped building surrounds a
Zen
stone garden
courtyard
. The stone front steps lead up through a glass foyer into a marble-floored lobby with Egyptian columns and a lounge. A large mirror and photographs of the building's construction and other contemporary scenes adorn the lobby's eastern wall. Two square columns of red-orange marble anchor the space in front of two elevators, which serve the tenants of the 12 floors above. Between the elevators is a stairway that leads down through double glass doors into the central courtyard.
At the two interior southern corners are wide staircases of marble and wrought iron that span the height of the building. Some sections of hallways are marble-floored, and each apartment's outside door handle is a marble orb. Apartments have exposed red brick walls. The
AIA Guide to the Architecture of Washington, D.C.
summed up the design: "For all its quirks, the awkward tower reigns as one of Washington's guilty pleasures."
[3]
The Cairo's rooftop deck provides one of the most expansive views of the District's northwest skyline. Visible locations include the
Washington National Cathedral
,
Georgetown
, the
Washington Monument
, the
Capitol
, and
The Catholic University of America
.
History
[
edit
]
At 12 floors, the Cairo towers above nearby buildings. At its opening in 1894, the building's height caused a tremendous uproar among local residents, who dubbed it "Schneider's Folly" and lobbied Congress to limit the height of residential buildings in the District of Columbia to prevent more skyscrapers from being built. The resulting
Height of Buildings Act of 1899
, and subsequent zoning laws, have restricted the heights of buildings in Washington, D.C..
[2]
Around 1900, the building was renamed the Cairo Hotel and became a center of D.C. society, with its ballroom frequently the center of social and political gatherings. Its guests and tenants have included
F. Scott Fitzgerald
,
Thomas Edison
, and other powerful political figures.
[4]
On March 15, 1897, the deposed queen of Hawaii, Queen
Liliuokalani
, stayed in the Cairo
[5]
while she lobbied President
Grover Cleveland
for compensation for the U.S.
overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
in January 1893. On February 15, 1905, the Cairo swirled with intrigue when, during a labor union strike, painter J. Frank Hanby fell to his death when the ropes supporting him broke.
[6]
The ropes were found possibly to have been cut by acid, leading to a grand jury investigation into the cause of death and many high-profile articles in
The Washington Post
. The high society of Washington often held meetings at the Cairo Hotel, such as that between the Woman's National Democratic League
[7]
and a Congressman from New Mexico in 1913.
On June 16, 1906, Congressman
Rufus E. Lester
, Democrat of Georgia, died after an accident in which he fell through a skylight on the roof of the Cairo, where he resided. Lester went to the roof to look for his two young grandchildren and apparently missed his footing, and fell about 30 feet through the skylight, and landed on the building's eleventh floor. He broke both legs and sustained internal injuries which proved fatal.
[8]
The December 2, 1923
Washington Post
contained an advertisement for the Cairo Hotel that read:
The
CAIRO HOTEL.
Absolutely Fireproof. A hotel which has demonstrated its value in years of service to a discriminating clientele. Retains with bath, per day Rooms with detached bath, per day Two-room suites, per day Three-room suites, per day & parties visiting the National Capitol and families desiring to make Washington their temporary or permanent home, the Cairo Hotel offers exceptional advantages of location and environment, construction and arrangement, equipment and management. - James T. Howard, Manager
[9]
In June 1940, a newspaper headline reported "Two Bandits Rob Cairo Hotel, Escape in Chase".
[10]
A party held on the night of November 30, 1940, featured 500 canaries singing beneath the
chandeliers
in the grand ballroom.
[11]
The building also had a
bowling
alley and a
coffee shop
.
In 1954, the Cairo Hotel hosted Sunday
mambo
parties, played by Buddy Rowell and promoted by Maurice Gervitsch, known as "Groggy".
[12]
The dances were featured a 12-piece band, and (in
segregated
1950s D.C.) had mainly
white
and
Jewish
attendance. These glamorous and sensational days lasted into the late 1950s.
The building was sold in 1957 as a 267-room hotel, and on October 12 the new owners announced plans to spend $100,000 refurbishing the structure.
[13]
In 1958, a fire caused by an electrical short-circuit on the sixth floor led to $25,000 worth of damage, but no structural problems.
[14]
The Cairo began to decline during the 1960s, when it was inhabited by
squatters
,
prostitutes
,
drug addicts
, student protesters, criminals, and even
feral
dogs
. In June 1964, the
FBI
tracked a 24-year-old escaped convict to the building.
[15]
In 1966, the D.C. Department of Health considered leasing the run-down building for use as a
rehabilitation center
for
alcoholics
.
[16]
After a series of failed attempts at renovation, including a closure on August 7, 1972, the building was restored in 1974 under the leadership of architect
Arthur Cotton Moore
. It was converted into condominiums in 1979.
At the building's centennial celebration in October 1994, Ross Elementary school students sang "
Happy Birthday
" to the building in thanks for a $1,000 donation made by the Cairo Condominium Unit Owners Association. Ward 2 Council member
Jack Evans
read a proclamation declaring it "Cairo Day" in DC. Of the building, he said, "It is a real monument in the area."
[17]
21st century
[
edit
]
On May 29, 2007, a fire emptied the Cairo of its roughly 400 residents. At least nine emergency vehicles responded to the blaze. The fire heavily damaged one of the central units of the tenth floor. Firewalls prevented its spread, although some other units suffered water damage.
The building was
repointed
between 2007 and 2009, a $2.1 million project funded by the condominium owners, who paid fees ranging from $7,980 to more than $25,000, depending on the size of their apartments.
In summer 2010, the lobby's years-old carpet was pulled up, exposing the original
terrazzo
flooring for restoration. It revealed echoes of the facade's middle-eastern theme, with sandy hues and an interlocking tile pattern.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
"National Register of Historical Places - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (DC), County"
.
National Register of Historic Places
. National Park Service. 2007-02-24.
Archived
from the original on 2008-05-09
. Retrieved
2007-02-24
.
- ^
a
b
"Vantage Point: The Curse of (Certain) Tall Buildings"
. 2009-01-02.
Archived
from the original on 2012-02-18
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
Moeller, G. Martin Jr. (24 October 2006).
AIA Guide to the Architecture of Washington
. JHU Press.
ISBN
9780801884689
. Retrieved
29 July
2016
– via Google Books.
- ^
Shulman, Randy.
"Features Archives"
. Metro Weekly.
Archived
from the original on 2014-04-05
. Retrieved
2016-07-29
.
- ^
"Explore Historical Newspaper Archives Online | NewspaperArchive®"
. Retrieved
2018-02-22
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
"No Acid on Rope: District Chemist's Report on Death of Painter Hamby"
.
The Washington Post
. 1905-02-17. Archived from
the original
on 2011-05-25
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
"Calls T.R. Democrat: Fergusson Says the Colonel, however, will not admit it"
. 1913-02-15. Archived from
the original
on 2007-09-30
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
"Fell through a skylight"
(PDF)
.
The Home Daily Sentinel
. June 16, 1906.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on December 15, 2019
. Retrieved
May 6,
2016
.
- ^
NewspaperARCHIVE.com - Search Old Newspapers Online
- ^
"Two Bandits Rob Cairo Hotel, Escape in Chase"
.
The Washington Post
. 1940-06-15. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
"Five hundred canaries sang under the electrics lights"
.
The Washington Post
. 1940-12-01. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
Brace, Eric (2000-02-11).
"Living the Salsa Life"
.
The Washington Post
. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
"Cairo Hotel Sold; Refurbishing Set"
.
The Washington Post
. 1957-10-12. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
"$25,000 Hotel Fire Laid to Wiring"
.
The Washington Post
. 1958-01-09. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
"Hotel Yields Escapee of Workhouse"
.
The Washington Post
. 1964-06-19. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
"Immer Hits Hotel Use for Alcoholics"
.
The Washington Post
. 1966-08-14. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
- ^
Moretti, M. Mindy (1994-10-20).
"Cairo Celebrates Its 1st 100 Years; Historic Building Lifted the District's Standards to New Heights"
.
The Washington Post
. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-01
. Retrieved
2009-04-18
.
External links
[
edit
]
- Metro Weekly feature article,
High Times: A Brief History of 17th Street's Tallest Resident
- Washington Post:
D.C.'s Fear of Heights
- Cultural Tourism DC: facts about the Cairo
- Google Maps satellite view of the Cairo
- 1920s Ads for The Cairo Hotel
- Thomas F. Schneider, architect of the Cairo, biographical notes
Archived
2018-10-06 at the
Wayback Machine
- The Cairo: Tower of Style and Elegance, Washington Post review, 1996
- Testing the Upper Limits of D.C. Building Height Act, Washington Post, an architect's view
- Turning Points: Moments in DC's History, Washingtonian Magazine, "No Tall Buildings" section
- Let D.C.'s Buildings Grow, Washington City Paper
- The Case for Taller Buildings in the Nation's Capital, The Infrastructurist