From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
president of the People's Republic of China
was created in 1954 when the
first constitution
consolidated the system of government in the People's Republic of
China
. At the time, the title was translated into English as
State Chairman
. The position was abolished between 1975 and 1982 with the functions of state representative being performed by the
chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
. The presidency was revived under the fourth constitution in 1982.
List of state representatives
[
edit
]
- Generations of leadership
- Chairman of the Central People's Government
- Chairman of the People's Republic of China
The
2nd
and
3rd
Constitutions (1975?1982)
[
edit
]
- Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
- Honorary Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China
Portrait
|
Name
(Birth?Death)
Constituency
|
Term of office
|
NPC
|
Notes
|
?
|
|
Soong Ching-ling
宋??
(1893?1981)
Shanghai
At-large
|
16 May
1981
|
29 May
1981
|
V
|
Shortly before her death, Soong Ching-ling, a member of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, was named Honorary Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China.
|
- President of the People's Republic of China
Portrait
|
Name
(Lifespan)
Constituency
|
Term of office
|
NPC
?
(Election)
|
Vice President
|
Paramount leader
|
3
|
|
Li Xiannian
李先念
(1909?1992)
Hubei
At-large
|
18 June 1983
|
8 April 1988
|
VI
?
(62.5%)
|
Ulanhu
|
Deng Xiaoping
|
During Li's term, China undertook major reforms in foreign policy, beginning to open up to the outside world. Li, who took on an important role in the ousting of the
Gang of Four
, became the first President of the People's Republic to visit the United States. He was also the first state president to visit
North Korea
. In 1984, Li met with U.S. President
Ronald Reagan
during Reagan's visit to China, notably discussing the status of
Taiwan
with the President. After leaving office as President, Li was then named
Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC
.
[4]
|
4
|
|
Yang Shangkun
??昆
(1907?1998)
PLA
|
8 April 1988
|
27 March 1993
|
VII
?
(66.8%)
|
Wang Zhen
|
Deng Xiaoping
Jiang Zemin
|
An elder from the party's revolutionary days, Yang was a political survivor of the Cultural Revolution. During his presidency, Yang promoted economic reform but opposed political liberalization. Yang reached the height of his political career after the
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
, but his organized opposition to
Jiang Zemin
's leadership led Deng to force Yang to retire. Yang served as
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
between 1983 and 1993.
|
5
|
|
Jiang Zemin
江?民
(1926?2022)
Shanghai
At-large
|
27 March 1993
|
15 March 1998
|
VIII
?
(68.4%)
|
Rong Yiren
|
Himself
|
15 March 1998
|
15 March 2003
|
IX
?
(71.5%)
|
Hu Jintao
|
Once the mayor and party secretary of Shanghai, Jiang's assumption of the presidency in 1993 marked a return to the centralization of major titles at the national level – Jiang also held the more powerful offices of
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
and
Chairman of the Central Military Commission
since 1989. Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial developmental growth with
continued reforms
, oversaw the handover of
Hong Kong from the United Kingdom
and
Macau from Portugal
, and improved its relations with the outside world while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the government. Jiang was criticized for being too concerned about his personal image at home, and too conciliatory towards Russia and the United States abroad.
[5]
|
6
|
|
Hu Jintao
胡??
(born 1942)
Tibet
At-large (until 2008)
Jiangsu
At-large (from 2008)
|
15 March 2003
|
15 March 2008
|
X
?
(72.9%)
|
Zeng Qinghong
|
Himself
|
15 March 2008
|
14 March 2013
|
XI
?
(70.27%)
|
Xi Jinping
|
Hu, long having been anointed by Deng as Jiang's successor, took over the presidency in 2003, and also held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and a relatively smooth recovery from the Global Financial Crisis. China emerged as a
major world power
during Hu's term.
[
citation needed
]
|
7
|
|
Xi Jinping
?近平
(born 1953)
Shanghai
At-large (until 2018)
Inner Mongolia
At-large (2018?2023)
Jiangsu
At-large (from 2023)
|
14 March 2013
|
17 March 2018
|
XII
?
(72.21%)
|
Li Yuanchao
|
Himself
|
17 March 2018
|
10 March 2023
|
XIII
?
(71.10%)
|
Wang Qishan
|
10 March 2023
|
Incumbent
|
XIV
?
(70.60%)
|
Han Zheng
|
Xi became President in 2013, and also held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2012. Xi increased the profile of the office of president in foreign affairs, for example receiving other heads of state during the
2015 China Victory Day Parade
, going on high-profile visits to the United Kingdom and the United States, and making an important address at the Global Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Under his
leadership
, Xi strengthened
mass surveillance
and launched
Xinjiang internment camps
. Xi presided over
anti-corruption campaign
. In
foreign policy
, Xi advocated for "
Wolf warrior diplomacy
". Term limits for the president were removed in 2018.
[
citation needed
]
|
Timeline
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]