Lower house of Parliament of Nepal
The
House of Representatives
, or
Pratinidhi Sabha
(
Nepali
:
????????? ???
,
romanized:
Pratinidhi Sabh?
), is one of the houses of the
Federal Parliament of Nepal
, with the other house being the
National Assembly
.
[3]
Members of the House of Representatives are elected through a
parallel voting
system. They hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the
President
on the advice of the
council of ministers
. The house meets at the
International Convention Centre
in
Kathmandu
.
The House has 275 members; 165 elected from
single-member constituencies
by
first-past-the-post voting
and 110 elected through
proportional electoral system
where voters vote for political parties, considering the whole country as a single election constituency.
[4]
The House of Representatives, unless dissolved, continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. However, in a
state of emergency
, the term of the House of Representatives may be extended, not exceeding one year in accordance with federal law.
The current House of Representatives was elected by the
general elections held on 20 November 2022
, and its first session convened on 9 January 2023.
[5]
[6]
[7]
History
[
edit
]
Parliament of Kingdom of Nepal, 1959?1962
[
edit
]
The 1959 constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, proclaimed on 12 February 1959, first mentions the Pratinidhi Sabha first as follows: "There shall be a Parliament which shall consist of His Majesty and two Houses, to be known respectively as the Senate (
Maha Sabha
) and the House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha)"
(Article No. 18, Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1959).
[8]
The 1959 constitution was abrogated on 16 December 1962 when the new
Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1962
was proclaimed and the parliament of the kingdom became unicameral.
[9]
Post-Panchayat, 1990?2002
[
edit
]
The House of Representatives was first provided for by the "Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1990", which replaced the former
panchayat system
of parliament with a bicameral parliament.
[10]
It consisted of 205 members directly elected from single-member constituencies. It had five-year terms, but it could be dissolved by the
King
on the advice of the Prime Minister before the end of its term.
[11]
Dissolution, 2002?2007
[
edit
]
In May 2002, the House of Representatives was dissolved by
King Gyanendra
on advice of the then prime minister,
Sher Bahadur Deuba
, in order to hold new elections.
[12]
Elections could not take place due to the ongoing
civil war
, which eventually led King Gyanendra to stage a royal coup. Following the democracy movement of 2006, the King reinstated the earlier legislature.
[13]
On 15 January 2007, the House of Representatives was transformed into an
Interim legislature
. This consisted of members appointed under an agreement between the
Seven Party Alliance
and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (known by the name
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
, since 2009).
[14]
Federal Parliament of Nepal, 2015?present
[
edit
]
The
Constitution of Nepal
was drafted by the
2nd Constituent Assembly
and the provision for a
bicameral legislature
was re-adopted.
[15]
The House of Representatives became the lower house of the
Federal Parliament of Nepal
and its first election was held
in 2017
.
[16]
Members
[
edit
]
The composition and powers of the house are established by Parts 8 and 9 of the
Constitution of Nepal
. The qualifications for becoming a member of the House are laid out in Article 87 of the Constitution and House of Representatives Election Act, 2017. Members must be :
- a citizen of Nepal
- twenty five years or older on date of nomination
- without a criminal offense conviction involving moral turpitude
- not disqualified by any federal law
- not hold any office of profit (paid by the government).
[17]
In addition to this, no member can be a member of both the House of Representatives and the
National Assembly
.
Vacation of seat
[
edit
]
The seat of a member of House of Representatives may be considered vacant in the following circumstances:
[18]
- Written resignation to the Speaker,
- Unable to comply to Article 91,
- Expired term of office / house,
- Unclarified / uninformed absence for ten consecutive house sessions,
- Resignation / removal from the party to which the candidate was associated during election,
- Death.
Current membership
[
edit
]
Composition by province
[
edit
]
Officers of the House of Representatives
[
edit
]
Speakers of the House of Representatives
[
edit
]
[19]
Deputy speakers of the House of Representatives
[
edit
]
[19]
Terms of the House of Representatives
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"New Government alliance in Nepal after Maoist Centre-Nepali Congress coalition collapses"
. 4 March 2024.
- ^
https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/sc-revokes-suspension-of-nc-lawmaker-gurung/?categoryId=opinion
- ^
"Nepal government in minority after Prachanda's party withdraws support"
.
indiatvnews.com
. 12 July 2016
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
... Dahal said the party decision has been conveyed to President Bidhya Devi Bhandari, Prime Minister Oli and
Pratinidhi Sabha (Lower House of the Nepali Parliament)
Speaker Onsari Gharti. But an official said the politically unstable nation's leader would not immediately resign.
- ^
Article 86 (2)
Constitution of Nepal
- ^
"Around 61 percent cast votes in largely peaceful polls"
.
kathmandupost.com
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
Kamat, Ram Kumar (28 December 2022).
"Prez summons new Parliament session on January 9"
.
The Himalayan Times
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
Republica.
"First HoR meeting after elections being held today"
.
My Republica
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
"The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1959"
(PDF)
.
www.constitutionnet.org/vl/item/constitution-kingdom-nepal-1959
. Retrieved
29 March
2018
.
- ^
"Nepal-Salient Features of the New Constitution"
(PDF)
.
www.icwa.in
. Retrieved
29 March
2018
.
- ^
"NEPAL: parliamentary elections Pratinidhi Sabha, 1991"
.
archive.ipu.org
. Retrieved
8 December
2020
.
- ^
"parliament"
.
nepaldemocracy.org
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"Nepal king dissolves parliament"
.
telegraph.co.uk
. 21 May 2002
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"Nepal's king restores parliament"
.
theguardian.com
. 24 April 2006
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"Legislative Branch Reform: Comprehensive Peace Agreement"
.
peaceaccords.nd.edu
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"News | International IDEA"
.
www.idea.int
. Retrieved
8 December
2020
.
- ^
Khalid, Alia Chughtai,Saif.
"Nepal elections explained"
.
www.aljazeera.com
. Retrieved
8 December
2020
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ^
"Constitution of Nepal 2006, as amended to 2015"
.
constitutions.unwomen.org
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"Constitution of Nepal"
.
Constitute
.
- ^
a
b
"????? ????????????"
.
hr.parliament.gov.np
. Retrieved
27 November
2022
.
- ^
"Remembering KP Bhattarai"
.
kathmandupost.com
. Retrieved
11 December
2020
.
- ^
"Dhungana makes a comeback to politics after 23 years"
.
kathmandupost.com
. Retrieved
8 December
2020
.
- ^
a
b
Subedi, Ishwari.
"Bill for privileges to ex-VVIPs getting fast-tracked"
.
My Republica
. Retrieved
8 December
2020
.
- ^
Subedi, Ishwari.
"Bill for privileges to ex-VVIPs getting fast-tracked"
.
My Republica
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
"Nepal king dissolves parliament"
.
www.telegraph.co.uk
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
"Krishna Bahadur Mahara elected Nepal parliament's Speaker"
.
The New Indian Express
. 9 March 2018
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
Sharma, Bhadra (1 October 2019).
"Parliament Speaker in Nepal Resigns After Rape Accusation"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
"Sapkota becomes Speaker amid concerns from conflict victims and rights watchdogs"
.
kathmandupost.com
. Retrieved
26 January
2020
.
- ^
"?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????"
.
ekantipur.com
(in Nepali)
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
Setopati, ???????? ?????????.
"?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????"
.
Setopati
. Retrieved
19 January
2023
.
- ^
"Kingdom of Nepal: Parliamentary Elections, May 12, 1991"
.
ifes.org
. 31 May 1991
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"NEPAL Parliamentary Chamber: Pratinidhi Sabha ELECTIONS HELD IN 1994"
.
archive.ipu.org
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"NEPAL Parliamentary Chamber: Pratinidhi Sabha ELECTIONS HELD IN 1999"
.
archive.ipu.org
. Retrieved
16 December
2017
.
- ^
"Despite being dissolved twice, HoR completes its 5-year term"
.
My Republica
. Retrieved
28 November
2022
.
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