Aerial warfare branch of the Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia
Military unit
The
Czech Air Force
(
Czech
:
Vzdu?ne sily
)
[Note 1]
is the
air force
branch of the
Army of the Czech Republic
. Along with the
Land Forces
, the Air Force is the major Czech military force. With traditions of military aviation dating back to 1918, the Czech Air Force, together with the
Slovak Air Force
, succeeded the
Czechoslovak Air Force
in 1993.
[4]
[5]
On 1 July 1997, the 3rd Tactical Aviation Corps and the 4th
Air Defence
Corps of the Czech Army were merged to form an independent Air Force
Headquarters
.
The air force is responsible for securing the integrity of the Czech Republic's airspace through the
NATO Integrated Air Defence System
(NIADS),
close air support
to the Land Forces and for transportation tasks including government and state priority flights. In peacetime the air force contributes to tasks originating in the
Czech laws
and inter-ministerial agreements, for example to the
air ambulance
service or the
SAR
role.
[6]
Czech
JAS-39C/D Gripen
multirole fighters
fulfill primarily the tasks related to the
air defence
of the Czech Republic and the NATO within the system of NATINAMDS. In the so-called national reinforcement system the subsonic
L-159 ALCA
jets could be deployed to fulfil this task too.
[7]
The
radar
surveillance of the
airspace
of the Czech Republic is the responsibility of the 26th Air
Command, Control
and
Surveillance
Regiment
at
Stara Boleslav
. Altogether seven radio-technical
companies
are spread around the country so that they can continuously cover its whole territory.
[8]
History
[
edit
]
First years
[
edit
]
The separation saw a large reduction in types, numbers, and bases. In 1994, the 3rd Corps of Tactical Aviation was created. The newest fighter in the
Czechoslovak Air Force
arsenal was the
MiG-29
(Izdelie 9.12). As there was only one general maintenance kit, which was given to newly created
Slovak Republic
, and all the material was split 1:1 with Slovakia, maintenance costs for the Czech Fulcrums would be too high. Along with the unreasonably high costs, speculative costs for spare parts imported from Russia, which were realised through third-party companies (
Mil Mi-24
rotor blades acquisitions were over-priced by 400%),
[
citation needed
]
this led to the exchange of 10 MiG-29s with Poland for
PZL W-3
A Sokoł rescue helicopters with avionics and ground support. Therefore, 10 air superiority fighters were exchanged for 11 light helicopters and this acquisition became a strongly discussed affair during the mid-1990s.
[9]
The burden of readiness squadron passed to the
MiG-23s
.
The new-era Air Force of the Czech Army was effectively formed on 1 July 1997 when the 3rd Corps of Tactical Aviation and the 4th Air Defence Corps were united. The members of both units have taken part in
Alliance
actions since the Czech Republic entered NATO on 12 March 1999.
[6]
The Air Force began to revise and update its doctrines and aircraft and the acquisition of a new, western fighter was considered. MiG-23MFs were retired in 1994, MLs in 1998 and
MiG-21s
were reestablished as an interim type for what was supposed to be a transition period before buying a new fighter ? which was determined to be the Swedish
JAS 39 Gripen
multi-role fighter aircraft. Because of the devastating floods that hit the country during 2002, the deal was deferred.
[10]
2000s
[
edit
]
A new international tender was issued for an interim solution. Gripen again won this tender among six different bidders as the Czech Republic accepted a government-to-government 10-year lease from
Sweden
that did not involve
BAE Systems
. Media allegations of BAE Systems kickbacks to decision makers during the original sales effort have led nowhere in judicial inquiries.
[11]
In December 2008, the Czech Air Force wanted to train helicopter pilots for desert conditions for the upcoming mission in
Afghanistan
.
Israel
was the only country that was ready to help out, as it saw this as an opportunity to thank the Czech Republic for training Israeli pilots and supporting Israel when it first became a state.
[12]
[13]
The independence of the Czech Air Force was terminated on 1 December 2003 when the force became a part of newly established Joint Forces of the Czech Army with the command post located at
Olomouc
. Within the new structure the Air Force Commander-in-Chief was named as a Joint Forces Chief Commander Deputy.
[6]
2010s
[
edit
]
The Air Force operated within this structure until 30 June 2013. Within the framework of the reorganisation of the Army, on 1 July 2013 the independent
High Command
of the Czech Air Force (
Czech
:
Velitelstvi vzdu?nych sil
) was established,
headquartered
in
Prague
with new Commander in Chief
Brigadier General
Libor ?tefanik.
[14]
Former Joint Forces Command and Support Forces Command
HQs
were disbanded by 30 June 2013.
[15]
With the Gripen contract due to expire in 2015, speculation mounted about whether that leasing agreement will be renewed or another type of fighter plane chosen.
[16]
The Czech government expected a tender to be organised to provide a force of 18 supersonic fighters after 2015. The
JAS-39 Gripen
was generally accepted as the most effective option owing to the existing infrastructure, the availability of trained personnel and previous good operational experience. However, the background of the existing contract ? specifically the broadly discussed issue of alleged corruption ? prevented politicians from settling for this quick solution, favouring instead a general tender with more bidders offering such types as the
F-16
,
F/A-18
,
F-15SE
or
F-35A
.
[17]
[18]
The creation of a non-supersonic air force has also been discussed as an option, owing to the perceived high costs and limited usefulness of keeping supersonic assets in a country surrounded by allied countries (all are
European Union members
and
NATO members
, except
Austria
). In this scenario the subsonic
L-159
would become the backbone of the air force. The latest 2011 White Book clearly states that the supersonic fleet is to be continued for the protection of the Czech Republic and for co-operation within the NATO Integrated Air Defence System.
[19]
Twelve single-seat and two twin-seat aircraft are viewed as sufficient for patrolling the Czech Republic, while 18 can support the sentry role in other NATO countries. A preliminary RFI requested 18 aircraft.
[17]
The White Book specifies the 12+2 solution, requiring strategic requirements for the supersonic air force to be specified by November 2011.
On 16 May 2014, the director general of the Swedish defence and export agency FXM and the Czech deputy defence minister for defence acquisitions signed the "Annex prolonging agreement of lease of the JAS-39 Gripen aircraft", ensuring also the continuous upgrading and increasing the capabilities of these machines. The Swedish
supersonic aircraft
will equip the Czech Air Force until 2027 with an
option
for further two years.
[20]
Czech Defense Minister
Martin Stropnicky
has unveiled plans to replace
Soviet
-designed military equipment with new weapons and to acquire helicopters and radars for the Czech Air Force, with tenders expected to be launched in 2015.
[21]
[22]
In June 2019, the Czech Defence Minister submitted a contract to the government for the procurement of two
C-295
transport aircraft to replace its
Yakovlev Yak-40s
.
[23]
On 22 August 2019, Czech Prime Minister
Andrej Babi?
announced that the Czech Air Force had selected an offer from
Bell Helicopter
for eight
UH-1Y Venom
and four
AH-1Z Viper
helicopters.
[24]
A contract for the helicopters was signed on 13 December 2019.
[25]
2020s
[
edit
]
In September 2020, both old Soviet Yak-40 transports were decommissioned in Kbely Air Force Base.
[26]
In September 2021, the last small VIP transport plane CL-601 Challenger ended its service. In March 2022, it was removed from military air registry,
[27]
and it is now one of the components of Military History Institute.
[28]
In September 2021, Czech Defense minister Lubomir Metnar signed contract with government of Israel for
SPYDER
Air Defense systems
[29]
to replace old Soviet era 2K12M2 Kub (
SA-6
) systems.
In April 2022, after Czech republic donated some of its Mi-24 helicopters to Ukraine as part of the military support, the US DoD decided to give additional 6 AH-1Z Viper and 2 UH-1Y Venom from their reserves as a gift to boost insufficient number of already ordered helicopters.
[30]
They should be delivered after modernisation in 2026 and 2027.
[31]
The first two AH-1Z arrived in July 2023 and both AH-1Z and UH-1Y helicopters were presented to public for the first time during the 2023 NATO Days in Ostrava.
[32]
All of the 12 ordered helicopters is expected to be delivered before the end of first quarter of 2024.
[31]
In July 2022, Czech government selected
F-35A Lightning II
as a new fighter aircraft to enter service after lease of the JAS-39 ends in 2027. For that purpose minister of defence
Jana ?ernochova
was authorized to start negotiation on procurement of 24 fighters with the government of United States of America.
[33]
On 27 September the Czech government approved the conditions of the contract for 24 F-35A that would be delivered from 2029 to 2033.
[34]
Czech Air Force together with
Polish Air Force
protects the airspace of
Slovakia
since 1 September 2022 when
Slovak Air Force
grounded its old
MiG-29
and the term of delivery of the new
F-16C
fighters were postponed to 2024.
[35]
CzAF-NATO cooperation
[
edit
]
Since the Czech Republic joined
NATO
, regular participation at a number of the Alliance's
international exercises
became a matter of course for the Czech Air Force. In 2009, the Czech Republic concluded an agreement regarding the
cross-border
collaboration and training with neighbouring
Germany
.
[36]
NATO Tiger Association
[
edit
]
In 2002, the NATO Tiger Meet was held at the Beja Air Base in Portugal. The 331st Helicopter Squadron was honored there by proclaiming it as a full member of the
NATO Tiger Association
. The squadron also received the most prestigious trophy, the Silver Tiger. With its new 221st Helicopter Squadron designation the unit continues, rejuvenated by new incoming members, in the Tiger tradition through today.
After the deployment of new
JAS-39 Gripen
fighters in 2005, four Gripens took part in the NATO Tiger Meet for the first time in 2008 at
French
Landivisiau
. In 2010, the 211st Tactical Squadron was accepted as a full member of the NATO Tiger Association at
Volkel Air Base
, and the squadron was awarded a Silver Tiger Trophy.
[37]
AWACS
[
edit
]
In 2011, the Czech Republic became the eighteenth country taking part in the NATO
Airborne Early Warning and Control
(NAEW&C) programme. Taking part in that international initiative means for Czech Air Force members an active participation in
AWACS
operations. A participation on the NAEW&C programme will cost the Czech Republic some 90 million
CZK
a year.
[38]
Foreign deployments
[
edit
]
Afghanistan
[
edit
]
In December 2009, Czech Air Force members started to build-up a rear for their new helicopter unit to be deployed in
Afghanistan
. After that the first three modernized
Mi-171Sh
helicopters armed for self-defense with
PKM machine guns
were air-transported to Afghanistan by
Antonov An-124 Ruslan
transport aircraft
on 5 January 2010. To the FOB
Sharana
permanent forward operational base, all helicopters and unit members numbering 110 soldiers were flown on 17 January 2010. The Czech helicopter unit known as Task Force Hippo was ranged under Alliance Regional Command East. TF Hippo entered
ISAF
operations on 25 January 2010.
[39]
[40]
The first advisory group of the Czech Air Force was sent to Afghanistan in April 2008. Involved then there were members of the 231st of the time and the recent 221st Helicopter Squadron who have been tasked to participate in an establishment of the new
Afghan National Army
. As a part of the international
Operational Mentoring and Liaison Team
(OMLT) they started to work as instructors during training of Afghan
Mi-24
attack helicopter
crews and in the same way to train ground personnel.
A new Czech team was added to the deployment in 2010. The new Czech group consisted of pilots and technicians from the 243rd Helicopter Squadron, respectively from the 24th Transport Air Base at
Prague-Kbely
. The main task of Kbely AMT (Air Mentoring Team) section has been defined as air training of Afghan
Mi-17/Mi-171
transport helicopter crews.
The Czech Republic also provided material help to
Afghan Air Force
which included supplies of aviation equipment ? six Mi-17 transport helicopters and six Mi-24 attack helicopters. After selected helicopters underwent major overhauls and modernizations all have been presented to the Afghan National Army during the 2007?2009.
[41]
Baltics
[
edit
]
The Czech Republic first joined the
Baltic Air Policing
(BAP) mission from 1 May until 31 August 2009 when a four-Gripen contingent was based in
Baltic region
. The second mission of the task force took place from 1 September 2012 until 4 January 2013. The main task of the Baltic Air Policing 2012 mission was to ensure protection of the
airspace
over the land and water territory of the three
Baltic states
?
Latvia
,
Lithuania
and
Estonia
. The whole mission was a part of NATINADS, operating from the
?iauliai Air Base
in Lithuania. Remaining Czech Air Force Gripens were also in a
24/7 readiness
on their home base at
?aslav
. As in 2009, also during the 2012 Baltic mission the targets of
Alpha scrambles
were
Russian military
aircraft that failed to observe the flight rules of the
civilian air corridors
.
[42]
Sinai Peninsula
[
edit
]
One of the most important tasks of the Czech
military transport
aviation in recent years is to provide support to the international
Multinational Force and Observers
(MFO)
peace mission
at the
Sinai Peninsula
. A small unit with one transport
C-295M
turboprop
belonging to the equipment of the 24th Transport Air Base at
Prague-Kbely
has operated there since early November 2013 and contributes to the surveillance and monitoring the peace agreement between
Egypt
and
Israel
.
[43]
Ukraine
[
edit
]
In relation to the
2014 Russian invasion of the Eastern Ukraine and occupation of Crimea
the Government of the
Czech Republic
decided to provide help to the Ukrainian people. The first large-scale evacuation took place on 27 February 2014, when two aircraft departed the 24th Transport Air Base at
Prague-Kbely
for
Kyiv
, Ukraine. The
A319CJ
was fitted with two PTUs (Patient Transport Units) and two
stretchers
, the
C-295M
carried one PTU and 12 stretchers. The aircraft brought 27 Ukrainian citizens to the Czech Republic. Medical care was provided during the flight by a team of military medical personnel from the Centre of the aviation rescue service at
Plze?-Lin?
and from the Central Military Hospital in Prague. The second
MEDEVAC
mission took place on 6 March 2014, when one C-295M brought to the Czech Republic further 11 wounded persons.
[44]
Structure
[
edit
]
Main bases of the Czech Air Force 2018:
JAS-39C/D Gripen
Helicopters
other flying units
Command and Control centres
Air defence missile unit
RAT-31DL
radar sites
other sites
The Czech Air Force consists of the following main units:
[45]
- Air Force Command
, in
Prague
- 21st Tactical Air Force Base "
Zvolensk
a", in
?aslav
- 22nd Helicopter Air Base "
Biskajska
", in
Nam??? nad Oslavou
- 221st Helicopter Squadron, with 4× AH-1Z, 6× UH-1Y,
[31]
4×
Mi-171Sh
- 222nd Helicopter Squadron, with 11×
Mi-171Sh
- 24th Transport Air Base "
T. G. Masaryka
", in
Prague-Kbely
- 25th Air Defence Missile Regiment "
Tobrucky
", in
Strakonice
- 251st Air Defence Missile Group, with 2K12M2 (
SA-6
)
- 252nd Air Defence Missile Group, with
RBS-70
/NG
- 26th Air Command, Control and Surveillance Regiment, in
Stara Boleslav
- 261st
Control and Reporting Centre
(CRC), in
Hlavenec
, reports to
NATO
's
Integrated Air Defense System
CAOC Uedem in Germany
- 262nd Radiotechnical Battalion, in Hlavenec
- 1st Radiotechnical Company, in
Nepolisy
, with
RAT-31DL
- 2nd Radiotechnical Company, in
Poli?ka
, with
EL/M-2084
mobile radar
- 3rd Radiotechnical Company, in
Stara Ves nad Ond?ejnici
, with radars EL/M-2084,
[49]
ST-68U, and RL-4AS mobile radars
- 4th Radiotechnical Company, in
Sokolnice
, with
RAT-31DL
- 5th Radiotechnical Company, in
T?ebotovice
, with radars EL/M-2084 and ST-68U mobile radars
- 6th Radiotechnical Company, in
K?i?enec
, with radars EL/M-2084, ST-68U, and RL-4AS mobile radars
- 7th Radiotechnical Company, in
Hru?ovany
, with EL/M-2084 mobile radars
- 263nd Support Battalion, in
Hlavenec
- Force Protection Company
- Reserve Control and Reporting Centre, in
V?tru?ice
- Logistic Company
- Radar Maintenance Center, in
Olomouc
- Prague Air Traffic Services Station, at
Prague Airport
- Pardubice Airport
Authority
Aircraft
[
edit
]
Ordered
[
edit
]
Current inventory
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Vzdu?ne sily Armady ?eske republiky
in full, literally the "Air Force of the Army of the Czech Republic"
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[
edit
]
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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)
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.
- ^
"Czech government signs Gripen lease extension"
. Flight global
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.
- ^
a
b
?adil, Jan (6 August 2014). "Vzdu?ne sily A?R - Ro?enka 2014" [Czech Air Force Yearbook 2014].
Letectvi a kosmonautika
(in Czech and English): 4?6.
ISSN
0024-1156
.
- ^
"A-319CJ Airbus - Transport Aircraft"
.
Ministry of Defence & Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
. Ministry of Defence
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12 April
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.
- ^
"Aero Vodochody delivers third L-159T2 aircraft to Czech Republic"
.
Airforce technology
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.
Bibliography
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- Brown, Alan Clifford.
The Czechoslovak Air Force in Britain, 1940?1945
(PhD Thesis). University of Southampton, Faculty of Arts, School of Humanities, 1998, 237 pages.
[1]
- Cejka, Zdenek (August 2001). "Courrier des Lecteurs" [Readers' Letters].
Avions: Toute l'Aeronautique et son histoire
(in French) (101): 2.
ISSN
1243-8650
.
- Cejka, Zdenek (January 2001). "Les Nieuport Techecoslovaques" [The Czech Nieuports].
Avions: Toute l'Aeronautique et son histoire
(in French) (94): 38?47.
ISSN
1243-8650
.
- Cejka, Zdenek (February 2001). "Les Nieuport Techecoslovaques".
Avions: Toute l'Aeronautique et son histoire
(in French) (95): 42?47.
ISSN
1243-8650
.
- Kudlicka, Bohumir (August 2001). "Des avions francais en Tchecoslovaquie: les unites de chasse sur Spad" [French Aircraft in Czechoslovakia: The Fighter Units with Spads].
Avions: Toute l'Aeronautique et son histoire
(in French) (101): 52?56.
ISSN
1243-8650
.
- Kudlicka, Bohumir & Cony, Christophe (April 2001). "Des avions francais en Tchechoslovaquie" [French Aircraft in Czechoslovakia].
Avions: Toute l'Aeronautique et son histoire
(in French) (97): 47?49.
ISSN
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- Titz, Zdenek; Davies, Gordon and Ward, Richard.
Czechoslovakian Air Force, 1918?1970 (Aircam Aviation Series no. S5)
. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1971.
ISBN
0-85045-021-7
.
External links
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