Predominantly African-American Christian denomination
"AMEZ" redirects here. For the village in Lebanon, see
Qahmez
.
The
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
, or the
AME Zion Church
(
AMEZ
) is a historically
African-American
Christian denomination
based in the United States. It was officially formed in 1821 in
New York City
, but operated for a number of years before then. The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church adheres to
Wesleyan-Arminian theology
.
[1]
History
[
edit
]
The origins of this church can be traced to the
John Street Methodist Church
of New York City. Following acts of overt discrimination in New York (such as black parishioners being forced to leave worship), many black Christians left to form their own churches. The first church founded by the AME Zion Church was built in 1800 and was named
Zion
;
one of the founders was
William Hamilton
, a prominent orator and
abolitionist
. These early
black churches
still belonged to the
Methodist Episcopal Church
denomination, although the congregations were independent. During the
Great Awakening
, the Methodists and Baptists had welcomed free blacks and slaves to their congregations and as preachers.
The fledgling Zion church grew, and soon multiple churches developed from the original congregation. These churches were attended by black congregants, but ministered to by white ordained Methodist ministers. In 1820, six of these churches met to ordain
James Varick
as an elder, and in 1821 he was made the first General Superintendent of the AME Zion Church. A debate raged within the white-dominated Methodist church over accepting black ministers. This debate ended on July 30, 1822, when James Varick was ordained as the first bishop of the AME Zion church, a newly independent denomination. The total membership in 1866 was about 42,000.
[2]
Two years later, it claimed 164,000 members, as it sent missionaries to the South after the American Civil War to plant new churches with the newly emancipated
freedmen
.
[3]
The AME Zion Church had been part of the abolitionist movement and became known as the 'Freedom Church', because it was associated with the period after emancipation of the slaves.
Black churches were integral in helping build communities and develop leadership among the freedmen in the South. Later they played an increasingly powerful role in the
civil rights movement
of the mid-20th century. The AME Zion Church remained smaller than the
African Methodist Episcopal
(AME) Church, a denomination started in Philadelphia in the early 19th century, because some of its ministers lacked the authority to perform marriages, and many of its ministers avoided political roles. Its finances were weak, and in general its leadership was not as strong as that of the AME Church. However, it was the leader among all Protestant denominations in ordaining women and giving them powerful roles in the church.
[4]
An influential leader bishop was
James Walker Hood
(1831?1918) of
North Carolina
. He not only created and fostered his network of AME Zion churches in North Carolina, but he also was the grand master for the entire South of the
Prince Hall Freemasonry
, a secular black fraternal organization that strengthened the political and economic forces inside the black community.
[5]
Hood Theological Seminary
in
Salisbury, North Carolina
is named in this bishop's honor.
[6]
The Methodist
Wesleyan-Holiness movement
came to the AME Zion Church, with
Julia A. J. Foote
among others preaching the doctrine of
entire sanctification
throughout pulpits of the connexion.
[7]
[8]
Foote was the first woman ordained as a
deacon
within the connexion in 1894 and "in 1899, was ordained?the second female
elder
in her denomination."
[7]
In 1924
Cameron Chesterfield Alleyne
became the church's first resident bishop in Africa.
[9]
Notes
[
edit
]
The AME Zion Church is not to be confused with the similarly named
African Methodist Episcopal Church
, which was officially formed in 1816 by
Richard Allen
and
Daniel Coker
in
Philadelphia
. The denomination was made up of AME churches in the Philadelphia region, including
Delaware
and
New Jersey
. Though the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church was founded to grant equal rights to African Americans in Methodist Christianity, its
church membership
is composed of people of all racial backgrounds.
[10]
Key features and early structure of AME Zion Church
[
edit
]
The newly formed AME Zion Church had a separate meeting place and time apart from the
Methodist Episcopal Church
. Autonomy was key for the newly formed church.
A general conference is the supreme administrative body of the church (s. 1988). Between meetings of the conference, the church is administered by the Board of Bishops. "The
Book of Discipline
is the instrument for setting forth the laws, plan, polity, and process by which the AME Zion Church governs itself."
[11]
Today the denomination operates
Livingstone College
in Salisbury, North Carolina, and two junior colleges. In 1906 the religious studies department of Livingstone College was renamed Hood Theological Seminary, in honor of the influential bishop. Hood remained a department of the College until 2001.
On July 1, 2001, the Seminary began operating independently of the College, and in March 2002, the
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
(SACS), the College's accrediting agency acknowledged that the Seminary was a separate institution, sponsored by the AME Zion Church independently of the College.
[
citation needed
]
The AME Zion missionaries are active in North and South America, Africa, and the Caribbean region (s. 1988). In 1998, the AME Zion Church commissioned the Reverend Dwight B. and BeLinda P. Cannon as the first family missionaries to
South Africa
in recent memory. These modern-day missionaries served from 1997 through 2004. Dr. Cannon was Administrative Assistant to the late Bishop Richard K. Thompson, who oversaw the work of South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Swaziland.
[
citation needed
]
The AME Zion Church has performed mission work in the countries of Nigeria, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Angola, Cote d'Ivoire, and Ghana in Africa; England, India, and Jamaica, St. Croix-Virgin Islands, Trinidad, and Tobago in the Caribbean; and others.
[
citation needed
]
The Church today
[
edit
]
The church grew rapidly with the ordination of black ministers, but was mostly confined to the northern United States until the conclusion of the
American Civil War
. In the first decade after the war, together with the AME Church, it sent missionaries to the South to aid freedmen. The two African American denominations gained hundreds of thousands of new members in the South, who responded to their missionaries and organizing efforts.
[12]
Today, the AME Zion Church has more than 1.4 million members,
[13]
with outreach activities in many areas around the world. Greater Centennial AME Zion Church in
Mount Vernon, New York
, and Simon Temple AME Zion Church in
Fayetteville, North Carolina
, are two of the largest churches in the AME Zion denomination, both with over 3,000 members each. Staying true to their name, "The Freedom Church", for the first time in the history of the denomination, in 2016 national Christian television network,
The Word Network
, featured the AME Zion Church for a two-hour special in response to the massive killings of African Americans, which was led by Rev. Daren Jaime, Rev. Edwrin Sutton, Rev. Brian R. Thompson, and Rev. Dr. Stephen W. Pogue. The AME Zion Church continues to
preach truth to power
. In this generation an individual member is sometimes referred to as being a "Zion Methodist".
[14]
The AME Zion Church has been in negotiations for many years to merge with the
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
(CME) into a tentatively named Christian Methodist Episcopal Zion Church with more than 2 million members. The plan was originally for unification by 2004.
[15]
The AME Zion church is very similar in doctrine and practice to the CME Church and the AME Church.
Ecumenism
[
edit
]
In May 2012, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church entered into
full communion
with the
United Methodist Church
,
African Methodist Episcopal Church
,
African Union Methodist Protestant Church
,
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
, and
Union American Methodist Episcopal Church
, in which these churches agreed to "recognize each other's churches, share sacraments, and affirm their clergy and ministries."
[16]
Notable clergy and members
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
The Doctrine and Discipline of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. 2012.
ISBN
978-1-4969-5704-7
.
- ^
The Annual Cyclopedia: 1866
, (1867), p. 492
- ^
The Annual Cyclopedia: 1868
, (1869), p. 481
- ^
Canter Brown Jr. and Larry Eugene Rivers,
For a Great and Grand Purpose: The Beginnings of the AMEZ Church in Florida, 1864?1905
(2004).
- ^
David G. Hackett, "The Prince Hall Masons and the African American Church: The Labors of Grand Master and Bishop James Walker Hood, 1831?1918",
Church History
69#4 (2000): 770?802.
online
- ^
Mission, Purpose, and History
, Hood Theological Seminary.
- ^
a
b
Ingersol, Stan.
"African Methodist Women in the Wesleyan-Holiness Movement"
.
Church of the Nazarene
. Retrieved
June 17,
2021
.
- ^
Legacy, Volume 23, Issue 1
.
University of Massachusetts
. 2006. p. 90.
- ^
Shavit, David (1989).
The United States in Africa ? A Historical Dictionary
. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood press. p. 6.
ISBN
0-313-25887-2
.
- ^
Williams, Paul (July 18, 2015).
"AME Church and AME Zion Church are not the same"
.
The Gleaner
. Retrieved
June 17,
2021
.
- ^
"Statement of Commission on Discipline Codification", in the
Book of Discipline
of the AME Zion Church, 2008: ii.
- ^
"The Church in the Southern Black Community"
,
Documenting the South
, University of North Carolina, 2004. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
- ^
"2008 Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches"
. The National Council of Churches.
Archived
from the original on November 28, 2008
. Retrieved
November 28,
2008
.
- ^
The
Book of Discipline
of the AME Zion Church, 2008:¶47.
- ^
"Two black Methodist denominations moving toward union"
. Worldwide Faith News. Archived from
the original
on March 4, 2009
. Retrieved
March 19,
2006
.
- ^
Banks, Adelle M. (May 7, 2012).
"Methodists Reach Across Historic Racial Boundaries with Communion Pact"
. Christianity Today. Archived from
the original
on June 26, 2012
. Retrieved
November 11,
2012
.
- ^
Hartshorn, William Newton (1910). "Bishop J. W. Alstork, D.D., LLD., A.M.E. Zion Church".
Era of Progress and Promise, 1863?1910: the religious, moral, and educational development of the American Negro since his emancipation
. Priscilla Pub. Co. p. 400.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
"Negro Progress Shown in African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Activities"
.
The Birmingham News
. August 17, 1913. p. 11
. Retrieved
April 13,
2021
.
- ^
"Sara J. Duncan. Progressive Missions in the South and Addresses with Illustrations and Sketches of Missionary Workers and Ministers and Bishops' Wives"
.
Documenting the American South
. 1906. pp. 81?83
. Retrieved
May 26,
2020
.
- ^
"Eliza Ann Gardner (U.S. National Park Service)"
.
www.nps.gov
. Retrieved
March 25,
2021
.
- ^
"Bishop Mildred Hines, first AME Zion female bishop, dead at age 67"
. Religion News Service. May 24, 2022
. Retrieved
May 25,
2022
.
- ^
"The Abolitionist Period"
. Michigan Street African American Heritage Corridor Commission. Archived from
the original
on April 13, 2021
. Retrieved
July 15,
2017
.
- ^
Murphy, Larry G.; Melton, J. Gordon; Ward, Gary L., eds. (2013). "Spottswood, Stephen Gill".
Encyclopedia of African American Religions
. Routledge. pp. 721?722.
ISBN
9781135513382
.
Archived
from the original on August 19, 2020
. Retrieved
October 12,
2022
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Brown, Canter, Jr., and Larry Eugene Rivers. (2004)
For a Great and Grand Purpose: The Beginnings of the AMEZ Church in Florida, 1864?1905
- Heatwole, Charles (May 1986). "A geography of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church".
Southeastern Geographer
26#1 pp. 1?11.
JSTOR
44370785
.
- Hoggard, James Clinton (1998).
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, 1972?1996: A Bicentennial Commemorative History
. AME Zion Publishing House.
- Martin, Sandy Dwayne (1999). "
For God and Race: The Religious and Political Leadership of AMEZ Bishop James Walker Hood
. University of South Carolina Press.
- Moore, John Jamison (1884).
History of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in America, Founded in 1796, in the City of New York
. York, Pennsylvania: Teachers' Journal Office.
Reprinted in 2004 by the A.M.E. Zion Historical Society, Charlotte, North Carolina,
ISBN
978-0-9759492-0-7
.
- Walls, William Jacob (1974).
The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church: Reality of the Black Church
. Charlotte, North Carolina: A.M.E. Zion Publishing House.
OCLC
897864
.
- The Doctrines and Discipline of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, with an Appendix; Revised by the General Conference, Atlanta, Georgia July 16?22, 2008
. Charlotte, NC: A.M.E. Zion Publishing House, 2008.
External links
[
edit
]
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