From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1897
.
1897
(
MDCCCXCVII
) was a
common year starting on Friday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
common year starting on Wednesday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1897th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 897th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 97th year of the
19th century
, and the 8th year of the
1890s
decade. As of the start of 1897, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 2
– The International
Alpha Omicron Pi
sorority is founded, in
New York City
.
- January 4
– A British force is ambushed by Chief
Ologbosere
, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a
punitive expedition
against
Benin
.
- January 7
– A
cyclone
destroys
Darwin
,
Australia
.
- January 8
– Lady
Flora Shaw
, future wife of Governor General
Lord Lugard
, officially proposes the name "Nigeria" in a newspaper contest, to be given to the British
Niger Coast Protectorate
.
- January 22
– In this date's issue of the journal
Engineering
, the word
computer
is first used to refer to a mechanical calculation device.
[1]
- January 31
– The
Czechoslovak Trade Union Association
is founded in
Prague
.
- February 10
– Freedom of religion is proclaimed in
Madagascar
.
- February 16
– The French conquer the island of
Raiatea
and capture the rebel chief
Teraupo'o
, ending the
Leeward Islands War
and bringing all of the
Society Islands
under their control.
- February 18
–
Benin
is put to the torch by the British Army's
Benin Expedition
.
Ovonramwen
,
Oba of Benin
, is exiled from his kingdom and the
Benin Bronzes
are carried off to London.
- February 26
– The
Sigma Pi
fraternity is founded in Vincennes, Indiana.
- February 27
– The
French
military governor of
Madagascar
,
Joseph Gallieni
, exiles Queen
Ranavalona III
to
Reunion
, abolishing the
monarchy
the next day.
- March 4
–
William McKinley
is
sworn in
as the 25th president of the United States.
- March 13
–
San Diego State University
is founded.
- March 22
–
Emilio Aguinaldo
unseats
Andres Bonifacio
at the
Tejeros Convention
, becoming the new head of the Filipino revolutionary group
Katipunan
.
April–June
[
edit
]
- April 15
- April 19
– The first
Boston Marathon
is held in the United States, with fifteen men competing, and won by
John McDermott
.
[4]
- April 23
– Representatives of the
Chickasaw Nation
,
Choctaw Nation
and U.S.
Dawes Commission
sign the
Atoka Agreement
, which becomes an important precursor for creating the State of Oklahoma.
- April 27
?
6 May
–
Greco-Turkish War of 1897
:
Battle of Velestino
.
[5]
- April 30
–
J. J. Thomson
of the
Cavendish Laboratory
announces his discovery of the
electron
as a
subatomic particle
, over 1,800 times smaller than a
proton
(in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the
Royal Institution
in London.
[6]
- May 6
–
John Jacob Abel
announces the successful isolation of
epinephrine
(
adrenaline
), in a paper read before the Association of American Physicians.
[7]
- May 10
– 19 zinc miners die of
carbon monoxide poisoning
at
Snaefell Mine
on the
Isle of Man
.
- May 11
– A patent is awarded for the invention of the first automotive
muffler
, with the granting by the U.S. Patent Office of application number 582,485 to
Milton Reeves
and his brother Marshall T. Reeves, of the Reeves Pulley Company of
Columbus, Indiana
.
[8]
- May 14
- May 19
–
Oscar Wilde
is released from prison in England, and goes into voluntary exile on the continent.
[11]
- May 22
– The
Blackwall Tunnel
, at this time the longest underwater road tunnel in the world, is opened for traffic beneath the
River Thames
in the
East End of London
by the
Prince of Wales
.
[12]
- May 26
– Irish-born theatrical manager
Bram Stoker
's contemporary Gothic horror novel
Dracula
is first published (in London); it will influence the direction of
vampire literature
for the following century.
[13]
- May 31
– On Decoration Day (later
Memorial Day
) the
Robert Gould Shaw Memorial
is dedicated in Boston. The bronze bas relief by
Augustus St. Gaudens
depicts the
54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
of black Civil War soldiers.
- June 12
–
1897 Assam earthquake
: An earthquake of magnitude of 8.0 rocks
Assam
,
India
, killing over 1,500 people.
- June 18
–
Kyoto University
is officially established in
Japan
.
[14]
- June 22
– The
Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria
is celebrated in the United Kingdom.
[15]
No other British monarch will celebrate such a jubilee until
Elizabeth II
in
2012
.
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 11
–
S. A. Andree's Arctic Balloon Expedition of 1897
begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the entire team within months.
- July 17
– The
Klondike Gold Rush
begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in
Seattle
- July 25
– Writer
Jack London
sails to join the
Klondike Gold Rush
, where he will write his first successful stories.
- July 26
–
August 2
–
Siege of Malakand
: British troops are besieged by
Pashtun
tribesmen in
Malakand
, on the Northwest frontier of
British India
(modern-day
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
in
Pakistan
).
- July 31
–
Mount Saint Elias
, the second highest peak in the United States and Canada, is first ascended.
- August 10
– At the
Bayer
pharmaceutical company, pharmacist
Felix Hoffmann
successfully synthesizes
acetylsalicylic acid
, after isolating a compound from a plant of the
Spiraea
family; the company markets it under the brand name "
Aspirin
".
[16]
- August 21
– The
Olds Motor Vehicle Co.
is founded in
Lansing, Michigan
, by
Ransom E. Olds
.
- August 29
– The
First Zionist Congress
convenes in
Basel
, Switzerland.
- August 31
–
Thomas Edison
is granted a patent for the
Kinetoscope
, a precursor of the
movie projector
.
October?December
[
edit
]
- October 5
– After a long siege, Brazilian government troops take
Canudos
in north Brazil, crushing
Antonio Conselheiro
and his followers.
- October 6
–
Ethiopia
adopts the tricolor flag: green is for the land, yellow for gold, and red is symbolic of strength and the blood shed.
- October 12
- The
Korean Empire
is proclaimed, marking the end of the
Joseon
dynasty after just over 500 years.
- The city of
Belo Horizonte
, Brazil is created. The construction of the second Brazilian
planned city
is completed successfully; an immigration of 1,000,000 people is estimated.
- USS
Baltimore
(Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since
1890
, for several months of duty in the
Hawaiian Islands
.
- October 13
–
HMS
Canopus
, a
pre-dreadnought battleship
of the
Royal Navy
, is launched at
Portsmouth
, England; she will be deployed widely in World War I.
- October 23
– The
Kappa Delta
sorority is founded in Farmville,
Virginia
.
- November 1
–
Juventus FC
is founded as an
association football
club in
Turin
.
- November 25
– Spain grants
Puerto Rico
autonomy.
- December 9
– The first issue of the feminist newspaper
La Fronde
is published by
Marguerite Durand
in Paris.
- December 12
- December 14
–
Pact of Biak-na-Bato
: The
Philippine Revolution
is settled, with Spanish promises to reform.
- December 28
– The play
Cyrano de Bergerac
, by
Edmond Rostand
, premieres in Paris.
- December 30
–
Natal
annexes
Zululand
.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
January–February
[
edit
]
- January 3
- January 6
–
Ferenc Szalasi
, 37th prime minister of Hungary (d.
1946
)
- January 8
–
Dennis Wheatley
, English writer (d.
1977
)
[17]
- January 14
–
Hasso von Manteuffel
, German general, politician (d.
1978
)
- January 23
- January 26
–
Yakov Alksnis
, Soviet aviator, commander of the Red Army Air Forces (d.
1938
)
- January 28
–
Ivan Stedeford
, British industrialist (d.
1975
)
- February 1
–
Denise Robins
, British romance novelist (d.
1985
)
- February 4
–
Ludwig Erhard
, Chancellor of Germany (d.
1977
)
- February 8
–
Zakir Husain
, Indian politician, 3rd
President of India
(d.
1969
)
- February 9
–
Charles Kingsford Smith
, Australian aviator famous for his trans-Pacific flight (d.
1935
)
- February 10
- February 19
–
Elizabeth Rummel
, German-Canadian mountaineer and environmental activist (d.
1980
)
- February 21
–
Celia Lovsky
, Austrian-born American actress (d.
1979
)
- February 25
–
Peter Llewelyn Davies
, British publisher, inspiration for
Peter Pan
(d.
1960
)
- February 27
March–April
[
edit
]
- March 1
–
Shoghi Effendi
, Ottoman Guardian of the Baha'i Faith (d.
1957
)
- March 4
–
Lefty O'Doul
, American baseball player, restaurateur (d.
1969
)
- March 5
- March 11
–
Henry Cowell
, American avant-garde composer (d.
1965
)
- March 16
–
Flora Eldershaw
, Australian novelist, critic, and historian (d.
1956
)
- March 18
–
John Langdon-Davies
, British writer (d.
1971
)
- March 19
–
Betty Compson
, American actress (d.
1974
)
- March 24
–
Wilhelm Reich
, Austrian psychotherapist (d.
1957
)
- March 28
- March 31
–
Oto Iskandar di Nata
, Indonesian politician (d.
1945
)
- April 7
- April 8
–
Herbert Lumsden
, British general (d.
1945
)
- April 10
–
Prafulla Chandra Sen
, Indian politician and
Chief Minister of West Bengal
(d.
1990
)
- April 13
–
Werner Voss
, German World War I fighter ace (d.
1917
)
- April 17
–
Thornton Wilder
, American dramatist (d.
1975
)
- April 19
- Jiroemon Kimura
, Japanese supercentenarian, world's longest lived man, last surviving man born in the 19th century and last surviving person born in 1897 (d.
2013
)
- Vivienne Segal
, American actress (d.
1992
)
- April 20
–
Sudhakar Chaturvedi
, Indian Vedic scholar and longevity claimant (d.
2020
)
- April 21
–
A. W. Tozer
, American Protestant pastor (d.
1963
)
- April 23
–
Lester B. Pearson
, 14th
Prime Minister of Canada
, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize
(d.
1972
)
- April 24
–
Manuel Avila Camacho
, Mexican general, politician, and 45th
President of Mexico
, 1940-1946 (d.
1955
)
[18]
- April 25
–
Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
, British princess (d.
1965
)
- April 26
May–June
[
edit
]
- May 2
–
John Frederick Coots
, American songwriter (d.
1985
)
- May 4
–
Phelps Phelps
, 38th
Governor of American Samoa
,
United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic
(d.
1981
)
- May 10
–
Einar Gerhardsen
, 15th prime minister of Norway (d.
1987
)
- May 12
–
Earle Nelson
, American serial killer and rapist (d.
1928
)
- May 14
–
Sidney Bechet
, American-born jazz saxophonist (d.
1959
)
- May 17
–
Odd Hassel
, Norwegian chemist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1981
)
- May 18
–
Frank Capra
, American film producer, director and writer (d.
1991
)
- May 19
–
Frank Luke
, American World War I pilot (d.
1918
)
- May 27
–
John Cockcroft
, English physicist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1967
)
- May 29
–
Erich Wolfgang Korngold
, Austrian composer (d.
1957
)
- June 2
–
Tan Malaka
, Indonesian teacher, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union and Murba Party, guerilla and fighter (d.
1949
)
- June 5
–
Charles Hartshorne
, American philosopher, theologian and ornithologist (d.
2000
)
[19]
- June 7
- June 8
- June 10
–
Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia
(d.
1918
)
[20]
- June 11
–
Ram Prasad Bismil
, Indian revolutionary (
H.R.A.
founder) (d.
1927
)
- June 12
–
Anthony Eden
, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.
1977
)
- June 13
–
Paavo Nurmi
, Finnish runner (d.
1973
)
- June 16
–
Georg Wittig
, German chemist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1987
)
- June 19
- June 22
- June 24
–
Daniel K. Ludwig
, American businessman; billionaire philanthropist (d.
1992
)
- June 26
–
Viola Dana
, American actress (d.
1987
)
July–August
[
edit
]
- July 1
–
Bert Schneider
, Canadian boxer (d.
1986
)
- July 9
–
Albert Coady Wedemeyer
, American general (d.
1989
)
- July 11
–
Bull Connor
, American civil rights opponent (d.
1973
)
- July 14
–
Plaek Phibunsongkhram
, Thai field marshal, prime minister, and dictator (d.
1964
)
- July 20
–
Tadeusz Reichstein
, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
(d.
1996
)
- July 24
–
Amelia Earhart
, American aviator (d.
1937
)
[21]
- July 28
–
James Fairbairn
, Australian pastoralist, aviator, and politician (d.
1940
)
- July 29
– Sir
Neil Ritchie
, British WWII general (d.
1983
)
- August 4
–
Jose Nucete Sardi
, Venezuelan historian and diplomat (d. 1972)
[22]
- August 5
–
Aksel Larsen
, Danish politician (d.
1972
)
- August 10
–
Jack Haley
, American actor (d.
1979
)
- August 11
–
Enid Blyton
, British children's writer (d.
1968
)
- August 15
–
Jane Ingham
, English botanist and scientific translator (d.
1982
)
- August 16
- August 22
–
Elisabeth Bergner
, Austrian actress (d.
1986
)
- August 26
–
Yun Posun
, 2nd president of South Korea (d.
1990
)
- August 31
–
Fredric March
, American actor (d.
1975
)
September–October
[
edit
]
- September 7
–
Al Sherman
, Russian-born American
Tin Pan Alley
songwriter (d.
1973
)
- September 8
–
Jimmie Rodgers
, American singer (d.
1933
)
- September 10
–
Otto Strasser
, German Nazi politician (d.
1974
)
- September 12
–
Irene Joliot-Curie
, French physicist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
(d.
1956
)
- September 13
–
Michel Saint-Denis
, French-born actor, theatre director, drama theorist and radio broadcaster (d.
1971
)
- September 15
–
Kurt Daluege
, German Nazi officer, war criminal (d.
1946
)
- September 20
–
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco
, 26th
President of Brazil
(d.
1967
)
- September 23
–
Walter Pidgeon
, Canadian actor (d.
1984
)
- September 25
–
William Faulkner
, American writer,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1962
)
- September 26
- September 30
–
Alfred Wintle
, British army officer, eccentric (d.
1966
)
- October 3
–
Louis Aragon
, French author (d.
1982
)
- October 7
–
Elijah Muhammad
, African-American co-founder of the Nation of Islam (d.
1975
)
- October 8
–
Rouben Mamoulian
, Armenian-American film, theatre director (d.
1987
)
- October 15
–
Johannes Sikkar
, Estonian statesman (d.
1960
)
- October 20
–
Yi Un
, Korean Crown Prince (d.
1970
)
- October 28
–
Edith Head
, American costume designer (d.
1981
)
- October 29
–
Joseph Goebbels
, German Nazi propagandist (d.
1945
)
November–December
[
edit
]
- November 4
–
Dmitry Pavlov
, Soviet general (d.
1941
)
- November 9
–
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
, British chemist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1978
)
- November 15
- November 18
–
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett
, English physicist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1974
)
- November 19
–
Quentin Roosevelt
, youngest son of American President
Theodore Roosevelt
, killed in action as fighter pilot (d.
1918
)
- November 23
–
Nirad C. Chaudhuri
, Bengali author (d.
1999
)
- November 24
–
Lucky Luciano
, Sicilian-American Mafia boss (d.
1962
)
- November 30
–
Virginia Henderson
, American nurse theorist (d.
1996
)
- December 2
–
Dean Alfange
, American politician (d.
1989
)
- December 5
–
Gershom Scholem
, German-born Israeli Jewish philosopher, historian (d.
1982
)
- December 9
–
Hermione Gingold
, English actress (d.
1987
)
- December 14
–
Kurt Schuschnigg
, 11th Chancellor of Austria (d.
1977
)
- December 18
–
Fletcher Henderson
, American musician (d.
1952
)
- December 24
–
Lazare Ponticelli
, Italian-French supercentenarian; last surviving officially recognized French veteran of the First World War (d.
2008
)
- December 31
–
Rhys Williams
, Welsh actor (d.
1969
)
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Deaths
[
edit
]
January–June
[
edit
]
- January 1
–
Joseph S. Skerrett
, American admiral (b.
1833
)
- January 9
–
Thomas Gwyn Elger
, English astronomer (b.
1836
)
- January 25
–
Albion P. Howe
, Union Army general (b.
1818
)
- January 30
–
Robert Themptander
, 4th prime minister of Sweden (b.
1844
)
- February 1
–
Jeanne Merkus
, Dutch deaconess, guerilla soldier and political activist (b.
1839
)
- February 4
–
Charles Bendire
, U.S. Army captain, ornithologist (b.
1836
)
- February 15
–
Dimitrie Ghica
, 10th prime minister of Romania (b.
1816
)
- February 17
–
Edmund Colhoun
, American admiral (b.
1821
)
- February 19
–
Karl Weierstrass
, German mathematician (b.
1815
)
- March 6
–
Sir Thomas Elder
, Australian businessman and philanthropist (b.
1818
)
- March 9
–
Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
, Iranian teacher, writer (b.
1838
)
- March 10
–
Savitribai Phule
, Indian social reformer and poet (b.
1831
)
- March 11
–
Henry Drummond
, Scottish evangelical writer, lecturer (b.
1851
)
- March 19
–
Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie
, Irish-born traveler (b.
1810
)
- April 1
–
Jandamarra
, Australian Aboriginal insurrectionist (b. c.
1873
)
- April 3
–
Johannes Brahms
, German composer (b.
1833
)
[23]
- April 8
–
Heinrich von Stephan
, German postal director (b.
1831
)
- April 10
–
Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(b.
1851
)
- April 30
–
A. Viola Neblett
, American activist, suffragist, women's rights pioneer (b.
1842
)
- May 3
–
Sir Frederick Knight
, British politician (b.
1812
)
- May 4
–
Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria
(b.
1847
)
- May 7
- May 10
–
Andres Bonifacio
, Filipino revolutionary (b.
1863
)
- May 12
–
Minna Canth
, Finnish writer and social activist (b.
1844
)
[25]
- May 23
–
Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju
, Indian rajah (b.
1850
)
- June 17
–
Sebastian Kneipp
, German priest and naturopath (b.
1821
)
- June 19
–
Louis Briere de l'Isle
, French general (b.
1827
)
July–December
[
edit
]
- July 1
–
Ropata Wahawaha
, New Zealand M?ori military leader (b. c.1820)
- July 6
- August 8
- August 17
–
Sir William Jervois
, British military engineer and diplomat (b.
1821
)
- August 24
- August 31
–
Louisa Lane Drew
, English-born American actress, theater manager (b.
1820
)
- September 9
- September 20
–
Louis Pierre Mouillard
, French artist and aviation pioneer (b.
1834
)
[26]
- September 21
–
Wilhelm Wattenbach
, German historian (b.
1819
)
- September 27
- September 30
– Saint
Therese of Lisieux
, French
Roman Catholic
and
Discalced Carmelite
nun, saint (b.
1873
)
- October 2
–
Edward Maitland
, British writer (b.
1824
)
- October 3
–
Yamaji Motoharu
, Japanese general (b.
1841
)
- October 9
- October 13
–
William Daniel
, American temperance movement leader (b.
1826
)
- October 19
–
George Pullman
, American inventor and industrialist (b.
1831
)
- October 26
–
John J. Robison
, American politician in Michigan (b.
1824
)
[27]
- October 27
- October 28
–
Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead
, British colonial governor (b.
1824
)
- October 29
–
Henry George
, American economist (b.
1839
)
- November –
Francisco Gonzalo Marin
, Cuban poet, freedom fighter (b.
1863
)
- November 3
–
Thomas Lanier Clingman
, American "Prince of Politicians" (b.
1812
)
- November 13
–
Ernest Giles
, Australian explorer (b.
1835
)
- November 15
–
Lucinda Barbour Helm
, American women's religious activist (b.
1839
)
- November 17
–
George Hendric Houghton
, American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (b.
1820
)
[28]
- November 18
–
Sir Henry Doulton
, English pottery manufacturer (b.
1820
)
- November 19
–
William Seymour Tyler
, American educator, historian (b.
1810
)
- November 23
–
Etienne Stephane Tarnier
, French obstetrician (b.
1828
)
- December 14
–
Robert Simpson
, Scottish-Canadian businessman (b.
1834
)
- December 16
–
Alphonse Daudet
, French writer (b.
1840
)
- December 19
–
Stanislas de Guaita
, French poet (b.
1861
)
- December 28
–
William Corby
, American Catholic priest (b.
1833
)
Date unknown
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Oxford English Dictionary
.
McCoy, Lisa (2010).
Computers and Programming
. Infobase Publishing. p.
1
.
- ^
Baird, W. David; Goble, Danney (1994).
The Story of Oklahoma
. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 8.
- ^
"Yamaichi chief gives Diet testimony on 'tobashi' trades"
.
The Japan Times
. December 9, 1997. Archived from
the original
on November 19, 2015
. Retrieved
November 8,
2011
.
- ^
Matthews, Peter (2012). "Boston Marathon".
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Further reading and year books
[
edit
]
- 1897 Annual Cyclopedia
(1898)
highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1897; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 824 pp