In addition to the
auxiliary verbs
, there is a small series of verbs that have many irregular forms. They are
fa
,
anda
,
da
,
sta
,
tra
,
save
,
vole
,
pode
,
di
,
dove
(here written in
Milanese dialect
, but what is said stands for all dialects)
[1]
.
For consultation of the conjugations, see
Lombard language wikitionary
:
?
conjugation of "fa"
?
conjugation of "anda"
?
conjugation of "da"
?
conjugation of "tra"
?
conjugation of "sta"
?
conjugation of "save"
?
conjugation of "pode"
?
conjugation of "di"
?
conjugation of "dove"
It should be noted that despite their irregularities, the way for conjugating "fa", "tra", "da", "sta" is similar.
- ↑
The verb
dove
is used very rarely, and usually due to the influence of Italian language. In Lombard it is generally replaced by the construction
havegh de
+ infinitive (similar to the English
to have to
+ infinitive)
Two series of irregular verbs should also be noted which, however, can be considered regular with small precautions, they are:
- Verbs ending in -u
(
produ
,
tradu
,
dedu
...); they can be considered regular (except for the
past participles
in some dialects and obviously in the infinitive, see
next paragraph
) by adding an "s" i.e. they are conjugated as if their
infinitive
were
produser
,
traduser
, or a "c" for the formation of past participles in the dialects where this is regular (for example the
Bergamasque dialect
in which the past participle of
produ
is
producid
).
- Verbs ending in -oeu
(toeu, distoeu...) can be considered regular (except for the
past participles
in some dialects and obviously the infinitive , see
next paragraph
) if you add a "v" (or a "g" depending on the dialect) i.e. they are conjugated as if their infinitive were toeuver, distoeuver. ..
The verbs with this ending, in addition to the possible irregularity in the past participle (see the following paragraphs), present a small irregularity in different dialects in the voices of the
present indicative
without desinence, i.e. only the 3rd singular in
Western Lombard
and the 3rd singular, the 1st and 3rd plural in
Eastern Lombard
. This irregularity consists in ending with -n instead of -gn.
For example:
in
Milanese dialect
: verb "tegni"
Present indicative: mi tegni; ti te tegnet, lu el te
n
, num tegnom, vialter tegnii, lor (i) tegnen.
in
Bergamasque dialect
: verb "tegn"
Present indicative: mi tegne; ti te tegnet, lu el te
n
, noter am te
n
, voter tegnii, lor te
n
.
then for
the rules of pronunciation in Bergamasque dialect
the non-doubled final "n" is not pronounced.
Another predictable irregularity is the
apophony
, it consists in the transformation of "o" into "oeu" in
Western Lombard
or "u" into "oeu" in
eastern Lombard
for certain verb forms.
Only the example of the verb "vore" (usually written "vole" in
standard NOL
considering the "r" as a result of the rhotacism of the "l") in
Milanese dialect
is shown here although apophony is present in many disyllabic verbs that have "o" in the infinitive (or "u" in Eastern Lombard) not linked to a consonant on the penultimate syllable (before the consonant "v", "r"/"l", "g" or "d") such as "
trova
", "
moja
", "
drova
" etc...
infinitive
|
gerund
|
participle
|
vore
|
vorend(o)
|
vorud
|
There is another exact opposite apophony, specular to the previous one, that of the transformation of "oeu" into "o" in Western Lombard or "oeu" into "u" in Eastern Lombard for the verbs of the third conjugation such as "
moeuver
", "
scoeuder
", "
noeuser
" and also "
toeu
" which, as mentioned, is conjugated as if it were "toeuver"....
infinitive
|
gerund
|
participle
|
moeuver
|
m
o
vend(o)
|
m
o
vud
|
The apophonies are different between western Lombard (of which a representative example is the Milanese dialect) and eastern Lombard since
le conjugations of verbs in eastern Lombard
are different, however their collocation is intuitive , following the example of the Milanese dialect just shown.
Verbs that are irregular only in the past participle
[
edit
|
edit source
]
Many verbs are regular in all forms except the past participle. Irregularities in the past participle are more prevalent in the Milanese dialect than in the other dialects, while Eastern Lombard dialects have the least amount of irregularities in the past participles.
Irregular verbs in past participles can be grouped into groups with similar irregularities, so we can observe how irregular participles present a rule in their irregularity. Listed below are some irregular verbs divided into groups. The subdivision into groups based on the ending can help in understanding by analogy how a past participle of a verb not listed in the tables below can be made.
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-ader
→
-as
(
IPA
:
/az/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
evader
|
-
|
evas
|
to escape
|
MI
|
dissuader
|
-
|
dissuas
|
to dissuade
|
MI
|
invader
|
-
|
invas
|
to invade
|
MI
|
persuader
|
-
|
persuas
|
to persuade
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-arger
→
-ars
(
IPA
:
/ars/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
sparger
|
-
|
spars
|
to scatter
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-ari
/
are
→
-ars
(
IPA
:
/ars/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
pari / pare
|
parud
|
pars
|
to seem
|
MI
|
descompari
|
descomparid
|
descompars
|
to disappear
|
MI
|
compari
|
comparid
|
compars
|
to appear
|
MI
|
vali / vale
|
valud
|
vals
|
to be worth
|
MI
|
They are regular.
Without a precise rule.
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
ceder
|
cedud
|
-
|
to yield
|
MI
|
leder
|
-
|
les
|
to harm, to damage
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-eder
→
-ess
(
IPA
:
/?s/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
suceder
|
sucedud
|
sucess
|
to happen
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
Regola frequente (
MI
):
-eger
/
-enger
/
-iger
→
-et
(
IPA
:
/?t/
-
MI
)
often in addiction to regolar form, only rarely regular
Attention:
Not even in Milanese dialect these verbs always have irregular forms; for example
lensger → lensgiud
(but not
let
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
corresger
|
corresgiud
|
corret
|
to correct
|
MI
|
dirisger
|
dirisgiud
|
diret
|
to direct
|
MI
|
esiger
|
|
esat
|
to demand
|
MI
|
lensger
|
lensgiud
|
|
to read
|
MI
|
protesger
|
protesgiud
|
protet
|
to protect
|
MI
|
strensger
|
strensgiud
|
stret
strecc
|
to shake
|
MI
MI
(arcaic or provincial)
|
tensger
|
tensgiud
|
tint
|
to dye
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
Frequent rule(
MI
):
-ender
→
-es
(
IPA
:
/ez/
-
MI
) sometimes in addiction to regular forms, pnore rarely only regolar
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
difender
|
difendud
|
difes
|
to defend
|
MI
|
dipender
|
dipendud
|
dipes
|
to depend
|
MI
|
imprender
|
imprendud
|
-
|
to learn
|
MI
|
render
|
-
|
res
|
to make
|
MI
|
ofender
|
-
|
ofes
|
to offend
|
MI
|
pretender
|
pretendud
|
pretes
|
to pretend, to demand
|
MI
|
condiscender
|
-
|
condisces
|
to condescend
|
MI
|
discender
|
-
|
disces
|
to descend
|
MI
|
comprender
|
comprendud
|
compres
|
to comprehend
|
MI
|
intender
|
intendud
|
intes
|
to mean, to understand
|
MI
|
spender
|
spendud
|
spes
|
to spend
|
MI
|
stender
|
stendud
|
stes
|
to draft
|
MI
|
sospender
|
sospendud
|
sospes
|
to suspend
|
MI
|
tender
|
tendud
|
tes
|
to strive, to stretch
|
MI
|
vender
|
vendud
|
-
|
to sell
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-erder
/
erger
→
-ers
(
IPA
:
/?rs/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
disperder
|
disperdud
|
dispers
|
to disperse
|
MI
|
perder
|
perdud
|
pers
|
to lose
|
MI
|
emerger
|
emergiud
|
emers
|
to emerge
|
MI
|
somerger
|
somergiud
|
somers
|
to submerge
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-e$$i
→
-e$$ud
(
IPA
:
/?$$y:/
-
MI
) sometimes in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
svegni
|
-
|
svegnud
|
to faint
|
MI
|
tegni
|
-
|
tegnud
|
to hold
|
MI
|
vegni
|
-
|
vegnud
|
to come
|
MI
|
senti
|
sentid
|
sentud
|
to feel, to hear
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-eter
→
-iss
(
IPA
:
/is/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
ameter
|
ametud
|
amiss
|
to admit
|
MI
|
meter
|
metud
|
miss
|
to put
|
MI
|
prometer
|
prometud
|
promiss
|
to promise
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-eter
→
-ess
(
IPA
:
/?s/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
aneter
|
-
|
aness
|
to annex
|
MI
|
coneter
|
-
|
coness
|
to connect
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-ider
→
-is
(
IPA
:
/iz/
-
MI
) sometimes in addictoin to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
decider
|
decidud
|
decis
|
to decide
|
MI
|
divider
|
dividud
|
divis
|
to divide
|
MI
|
incider
|
-
|
incis
|
to engrave
|
MI
|
intrider
|
-
|
intris
|
to soak
|
MI
|
recider
|
-
|
recis
|
to sever
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-inder
→
-iss
(
IPA
:
/is/
-
MI
) with some exception
Verb in Lombard
regola -inder
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
rescinder
|
-
|
resciss
|
to rescind
|
MI
|
scinder
|
-
|
sciss
|
to break down, to split
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-inger
/
inguer
/
enger
→
-int
(
IPA
:
/?:t/
-
MI
) with some exceptions
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
depensger
|
depensgiud
|
depenc
|
to paint
|
BG
|
distinguer
|
-
|
distint
|
to distinguish
|
MI
|
estinguer
|
-
|
estint
|
to extinguish
|
MI
|
tenger
|
tengiud
|
tint
|
to dye
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-imer
→
-ess
(
IPA
:
/?s/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
comprimer
|
-
|
compress
|
to compress
|
MI
|
oprimer
|
-
|
opress
|
to oppress
|
MI
|
reprimer
|
-
|
repress
|
to repress
|
MI
|
imprimer
|
-
|
impress
|
to impress
|
MI
|
esprimer
|
-
|
espress
|
to express
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-imer
→
-ent
(
IPA
:
/?:t/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
redimer
|
-
|
redent
|
to redeem
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-ister
→
-istid
(
IPA
:
/isti:/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
|
assister
|
assistud
|
assistid
|
to assist
|
MI
|
esister
|
esistud
|
esistid
|
to exist
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-oder
→
-os
(
IPA
:
/?z/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
esploder
|
-
|
esplos
|
to explode
|
MI
|
roder
|
-
|
ros
[1]
|
to gnaw
|
MI
|
- ↑
usually "rosegad" is used inetsad
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-olver
→
-olt
(
IPA
:
/?lt/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
assolver
|
-
|
assolt
|
to fulfil
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-onder
→
-us
(
IPA
:
/yz/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
fonder
|
fondud
|
fus
|
to melt
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-onder
→
-ost
(
IPA
:
/?st/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
rispondere
|
rispondud
|
rispost
|
to answer
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-order
/
-orer
→
-ors
(
IPA
:
/?rs/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
morder
|
mordud
|
mors
|
to bite
|
MI
|
ocorer
|
ocorud
|
ocors
|
to be needed
|
MI
|
corer
corer
|
corud
-
|
-
cors
|
to run (transtive verb)
to run (intransitive verb)
|
MI
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-oeu
/
oeuj
→
-olt
(
IPA
:
/?lt/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
toeu
|
-
|
tolt
toeuj
toeud
toeult
|
ro remove
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
Br
Br
|
distoeu
|
-
|
distolt
|
to divert
|
MI
|
regoeujer
|
-
|
racolt
regolt
|
to gather
|
MI
MI
(provincial)
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-oeuder
/
oeuver
→
-oss
(
IPA
:
/?s/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
moeuver
|
movud
|
-
|
to move
|
MI
|
moeuves
|
-
|
moss
|
to move
|
MI
|
scoeuder
|
scodud
|
scoss
|
to shake, to quench, to collect
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects: (
MI
)
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
BG
General rule (
MI
):
-ofri
→
-ofert
(
IPA
:
/u'f?rt/
-
MI
) sometimes in addiction to regular forms in disuse
General rule (
BG
):
-ofri
→
-oferid
(
IPA
:
/ofe'rit/
-
BG
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
ofri
ofri
|
-
|
ofert
ofrid
|
to offer
|
MI
BG
|
sofri
|
(sofrid)
|
sofert
|
to suffer
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
BG
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-opri
→
-opert
(
IPA
:
/u'p?rt/
-
MI
) sometimes in addiction to regular forms in disuse
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
scopri
|
(scoprid)
|
scopert
|
to discover
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
BG
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
BG
General rule (
MI
):
-omper
→
-ot
(
IPA
:
/?t/
-
MI
)
General rule (
BG
):
-omper
→
-ot
(
IPA
:
/?t/
-
BG
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
romper
romper
|
-
rompid
|
rot
rot
|
to break
|
MI
BG
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-onger
→
-ont
(
IPA
:
/?:t/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
vonsger
|
vonsgiud
|
vont
vonc
|
to grease
|
MI
MI
(arcaic or provincial),
BG
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-onner
→
-ost
(
IPA
:
/?st/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
|
suponner
|
-
|
supost
|
to suppose
|
MI
|
disponner
|
-
|
dispost
|
to arrange
|
MI
|
esponner
|
-
|
espost
|
to expose
|
MI
|
preponner
|
-
|
prepost
|
to put before, to put in charge
|
MI
|
proponner
|
-
|
propost
|
to propose
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
MI
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-orger
→
-ort
(
IPA
:
/?rt/
-
MI
) in addiction to regular forms
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
acorges
|
acorgiud
|
acort
|
to notice, to realize
|
MI
|
sorgere
|
sorgiud
|
sort
[1]
|
to rise
|
MI
|
- ↑
just in literary form, "nassud" is normally used
Almost all regular with some exceptions (see table below)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
mori
|
-
|
mort
|
to dead
|
MI
|
doli
|
dolud
-
|
-
dolsud
|
to ache (transititive)
to ache (intransitive)
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-u
→
-ot
(
IPA
:
/?t/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
|
condu
|
-
|
condot
condut
|
to conduct, to lead
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
dedu
|
-
|
dedot
dedut
|
to deduce
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
indu
|
-
|
indot
indut
|
to induce, to lead, to infer
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
introdu
|
-
|
introdot
introdut
|
to introduce
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
produ
|
-
|
prodot
produt
|
to produce
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
redu
|
-
|
ridot
redut
|
to reduce
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
sedu
|
-
|
sedot
sedut
|
to seduce
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
tradu
|
-
|
tradot
tradut
|
to translate
|
MI
MI
(arcaic)
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-uder
→
-us
(
IPA
:
/yz/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
concluder
|
(concludud)
|
conclus
|
to conclude
|
MI
|
deluder
|
-
|
delus
|
to disappoint
|
MI
|
eluder
|
-
|
elus
|
to evade
|
MI
|
escluder
|
-
|
esclus
|
to exclude
|
MI
|
iluder
|
-
|
ilus
|
to deceive
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-ulger
→
-ult
(
IPA
:
/ylt/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
indulger
|
-
|
indult
[1]
|
to indulge
|
MI
|
- ↑
usually notr used, "havud clemenza" is used instead
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-umer
→
-ont
(
IPA
:
/?:t/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
assumer
|
|
assont
|
to hire
|
MI
|
presumer
|
|
presont
[1]
|
to assume, to presume
|
MI
|
- ↑
out of the legal context "prusmad" is used
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-uger
→
-ut
(
IPA
:
/yt/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
distruger
|
-
|
distrut
|
to destroy
|
MI
|
They are regular in these dialects:
They are irregular in these dialects:
MI
General rule (
MI
):
-uter
→
-us
(
IPA
:
/ys/
-
MI
)
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
discuter
|
-
|
discuss
|
to discuss
|
MI
|
Verb
|
Participi passad
forma regolar
|
Participi passad
forma iregolar
|
|
Dialet
|
estra
|
-
|
estrat
|
to extract
|
MI
|
Other irregular past participles not classifiable in the previous cases
[1]
[
edit
|
edit source
]
Verb in Lombard
|
Past participle
regular form
|
Past participle
irregular form
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
coeuser
coeuser
|
cosud
-
|
cot
cocc
|
to cook
|
MI
BG
,
MI
(arcaic o provincial)
|
dervi
|
dervid
|
avert
vert
|
to open
|
MI
MI
(provincial)
|
scerni
|
scernid
|
scelt
|
to choose
|
MI
|
scriver
|
scrivud
-
|
scrit
screit
scricc
|
to write
|
MI
NO
,
MI
(provincial)
BG
|
vede
ved
|
vedud
-
|
vist
vest
|
to see
|
MI
BG
|
viver
|
vivud
|
vissud
|
to live
|
MI
|
vore
|
vorud
|
vorsud
|
to want
|
MI
|
- ↑
presenti solo in alcuni Dialects
There are some verbs in Lombardy that exist only in the form of Past participle, most of them have been introduced only in the Dialects more italianized, especially Milanese, under the thrust of the Italian language. Therefore, it is possible to construct only the
compound tenses
of these verbs, while in the simple tenses it is necessary to use other verbs.
Past participle
of the difective verb
|
Usable verb(s)
in the simple tenses
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
aces
[1]
|
pizza
|
to turn on
|
MI
|
adot
|
tira in ball, presenta
|
to invoke
|
MI
|
aflit
|
tormenta, tossega
|
to afflict
|
MI
|
assis
|
setass
|
to sit
|
MI
|
consont
|
consuma
|
to consume
|
MI
|
cospers
[2]
|
sbrofa
|
to sprinkle
|
MI
|
contus
|
maca
|
to contuse
|
MI
|
dilet
|
havegh in del coeur
|
to prefer
|
MI
|
fint
|
fa finta
|
to pretend
|
MI
|
intrus
|
cascia dent a forza, cascia dent de sfros
|
to intrude
|
MI
|
prefiss
|
prefissa
|
to set
|
MI
|
sciolt
|
deslengua
|
to melt
|
MI
|
trafit
|
infilza
|
to pierce
|
MI
|
rosegad
|
roder
|
to gnaw
|
MI
|
- ↑
used only in literary form
- ↑
used only in literary form
Defective verbs that do not have the past participle
[
edit
|
edit source
]
Some verbs are defective due to the lack of the past participle, which is replaced by the past participle of other verbs.
Lombard verb
difective
|
Past participle
replacement
|
Verb in English
|
Dialects
|
conquider
|
conquistad
|
to conquer
|
MI
|
incuter
|
fad vegni
|
to strike
|
MI
|
rediger
|
compilad
|
to draw up
|
MI
|