Tyler
is a city in and the
county seat
of
Smith County, Texas
, United States.
[5]
As of 2020, the population is 105,995.
[3]
Tyler was the
38th most populous city in Texas
(as well as the most populous in
Northeast Texas
) and
289th in the United States
. It is the principal city of the
Tyler metropolitan statistical area
, which is the
198th most populous metropolitan area
in the
U.S.
and
16th in Texas
after
Waco
and the
College Station?Bryan
areas, with a population of 233,479 in 2020.
[6]
The city is named for
John Tyler
, the tenth
President of the United States
.
[7]
[8]
Tyler, Texas
|
---|
|
|
Seal
|
Nickname(s):?
Rose City, Rose Capital, Rose Capital of America
|
Motto:?
A Natural Beauty
|
|
Coordinates:
32°21′05″N
95°18′04″W
? / ?
32.35139°N 95.30111°W
? /
32.35139; -95.30111
|
Country
| United States
|
---|
State
| Texas
|
---|
County
| Smith
|
---|
Founded
| 1846
(178?years ago)
?(
1846
)
|
---|
Incorporated
| January?29, 1850
(174 years ago)
?(
1850-01-29
)
|
---|
Named for
| John Tyler
|
---|
|
???
Mayor
| Don Warren
(
R
)
|
---|
???
City Council
|
- Linda Sellers
- Broderick McGee
- Shirley McKellar
- James Wynne
- Bob Westbrook
- Brad Curtis
|
---|
???
City Manager
| Edward Broussard
|
---|
|
???
City
| 58.31?sq?mi (151.02?km
2
)
|
---|
???Land
| 57.79?sq?mi (149.67?km
2
)
|
---|
???Water
| 0.52?sq?mi (1.34?km
2
)
|
---|
Elevation
| 538?ft (164?m)
|
---|
|
???
City
| 105,995
|
---|
???Estimate?
| 109,286
|
---|
???Rank
| US:
289th
TX:
38th
|
---|
???Density
| 1,891/sq?mi (730.2/km
2
)
|
---|
???
Urban
| 131,028 (US:
258th
)
|
---|
???Urban?density
| 1,607/sq?mi (620.5/km
2
)
|
---|
???
Metro
| 241,922 (US:
198th
)
|
---|
???Metro?density
| 263/sq?mi (101.4/km
2
)
|
---|
Demonym
| Tylerite
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC?6
(
Central (CST)
)
|
---|
???Summer (
DST
)
| UTC?5
(CDT)
|
---|
ZIP Codes
| 75701-75709 75798-75799
|
---|
Area code(s)
| 903 and 430
|
---|
FIPS code
| 48-74144
|
---|
GNIS
feature ID
| 1348998
[2]
|
---|
U.S. routes
| |
---|
Major state highways
| |
---|
Primary airport
| Tyler Regional Airport
|
---|
Website
| cityoftyler.org
|
---|
In 1985, the international
Adopt-a-Highway
movement began in Tyler. After appeals from local
Texas Department of Transportation
officials, the local
Civitan International
chapter adopted a two-mile (three kilometer) stretch of
U.S. Route 69
to maintain. Drivers and other motorists traveling on this segment of U.S. 69 (between Tyler and nearby
Lindale
) will see brown road signs that read "First Adopt-A-Highway in the World".
Tyler is known as the "Rose Capital of America" (also the "Rose City" and the "Rose Capital of the World"),
[9]
a
nickname
it earned from a long history of
rose
production, cultivation, and processing. It is home to the largest
rose garden
in the United States, a 14-
acre
public garden complex that has over 38,000 rose bushes of at least 500 different varieties.
[10]
The Tyler
Rose Garden Center
is also home to the annual
Texas Rose Festival
which attracts thousands of tourists each October.
[10]
As Northeast Texas and Smith County's major economic, educational, financial, medical and cultural hub, Tyler is host to more than 20,000
higher-education
students; the
University of Texas at Tyler
; a university health science center; and regional hospital systems. It is the headquarters for
Brookshire Grocery Company
and many other large employers. Tyler is also home to the
Caldwell Zoo
and
Broadway Square Mall
, and the seat of
Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler
and its
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
.
Legal recognition of Tyler was initiated by an act of the
state legislature
on April 11, 1846. The Texas government created Smith County and authorized a county seat.
The first plat designated a 28-block town site centered by a main square within a 100-acre (40?ha; 0.16?sq?mi) tract acquired by Smith County on 6 February 1847. The new town was named for
President John Tyler
, who advocated for the
annexation of Texas
by the United States. A log building on the square's north side served as a courthouse and public meeting hall until a brick courthouse displaced it in 1852. The City of Tyler was incorporated on January 29, 1850. Early religious and social institutions included the First Baptist Church and a
Methodist church
,
[11]
a
Masonic lodge
and an
Odd Fellows lodge
, and Tyler's first newspaper.
[12]
Though Tyler's early economy from 1847?1873 was based on agriculture, it was also well-diversified during this period. Logging was a second major industry, while complementary manufacturing included metalworking, milling wood, and leather tanning. As the seat of Smith County, the town also benefited from government activity.
[13]
The local agricultural economy relied on
slave labor
before the
Civil War
. In 1860, the population of enslaved people in Smith County was 4,982, the 4th most in east Texas.
[14]
[15]
By 1860, Tyler held over 1,000 enslaved persons, which represented 35 percent of the town's population. There was strong support for
secession
and the
Confederacy
within Tyler, as a high percentage of its residents voted for secession and many of its men joined the
Confederate Army
. The town was secure enough for the Confederate States of America to establish the largest ordinance plant in
Texas
. In 1870, Bonner and Williams established Tyler's first bank. When both the
Texas and Pacific Railroad
and the International Railroad (Texas) originally eschewed routes through Tyler, townspeople financed the
Tyler Tap Railroad
to link the town to the national rail grid.
[16]
[17]
Ironically, before that 21-mile line to
Big Sandy, Texas
was completed in 1877, Tyler had already gotten its desired rail connection when the
International?Great Northern Railroad
built into town in 1874.
[16]
[18]
[19]
Regardless, the Tyler Tap became the seed for the 725-mile-long
Texas and St. Louis Railway
, which in turn formed the core of the later
St. Louis Southwestern Railway
, commonly known as the Cotton Belt.
[18]
[19]
[17]
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, fruit orchards emerged as an important business in the regional economy. Eighty percent of the county's agricultural revenue derived from cotton as it persisted as the dominant crop in the first decades of the
twentieth century
. Peaches were the principal fruit crop as the county fruit tree inventory surpassed one million by 1900. Disease struck the peach trees, though, and local farmers moved toward growing roses by the 1920s. Twenty years later, most of the U.S. rose supply originated in the Tyler area.
[12]
On October 29, 1895, an African American suspect named Robert Henry Hillard was burned at the stake in the Smith County Courthouse Square for the alleged murder of a nineteen-year-old white woman.
[20]
[21]
Denied a trial and due process, Hillard was taken from law enforcement personnel by a white mob.
[22]
Hillard's executioners were never punished. Later, two entrepreneurs combined photographs from the actual lynching with others staged with actors and sold the 16-image production as a stereographic set. One of the original sets sits in the
United States Library of Congress
.
[21]
In 1912, Dan Davis, an African-American man suspected of attacking a sixteen-year-old white girl named Carrie Johnson, was burned at the stake in the Smith County Courthouse Square.
[23]
[24]
[25]
[21]
In 1971, the University of Texas system established the
University of Texas at Tyler
and
Broadway Square Mall
opened in 1975.
[26]
By 1980, the population grew to 70,508 and the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler
and East Texas Islamic Society were established in the following years.
[27]
[28]
[29]
During the
2010 East Texas church burnings
, two Tyler churches were destroyed, and
historic preservation
city planning began in 2016 as the population increased and the city continued development.
[30]
The city of Tyler is in the
Southern United States
, in
Northeast Texas
. It is sometimes considered part of the wider
Ark-La-Tex
region where
Arkansas
,
Louisiana
, and Texas meet. Tyler is located at
32°21′05″N
95°18′04″W
? / ?
32.35139°N 95.30111°W
? /
32.35139; -95.30111
and is 544?ft (166?m) above
sea level
.
[31]
The city is approximately 38?mi (61?km) from
Longview
;
[32]
61?mi (98?km) from
Marshall
;
[33]
100?mi (160?km) from
Dallas
;
[34]
132?mi (212?km) from
Texarkana
;
[35]
230?mi (370?km) from the state capital of
Austin
;
[36]
and 98?mi (158?km) from
Shreveport, Louisiana
.
[37]
Tyler is the
seat of government
of
Smith County
, and is surrounded by many suburban communities, including
Whitehouse
,
Lindale
,
New Chapel Hill
,
Bullard
,
Edom
,
Brownsboro
,
Kilgore
,
Flint
, and
Chandler
. According to the
United States Census Bureau
, the city has an area of 57.97?sq?mi (150.1?km
2
), of which 57.45?sq?mi (148.8?km
2
) is land and 0.52?sq?mi (1.3?km
2
) is covered by water. Tyler is the principal city of the
Greater Tyler metropolitan area
, and a principal city in the Tyler?Longview area, a
conurbation
of the Tyler and
Longview
metropolitan and combined statistical areas.
[38]
Tyler has a modest skyline and downtown area. Downtown architecture features the
Art Deco
and
neoclassical
styles, many dating from the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Modernist
- and
postmodernist
-era structures are also present throughout the cityscape.
Central Tyler is anchored by Brick Streets Historic District and Charnwood Residential Historic District, areas characterized by dense retail, restaurants, nightlife, and historic landmarks. Brick Streets Historic District is the largest geographic area of Tyler. It encompasses 29 blocks and primarily consists of buildings constructed in the 1900s. The district area is predominantly residential though it sometimes serves as a mix-use district. Brick Streets Historic District has brick-paved streets and stone-lined drainage channels. Nearby, Charnwood is Tyler's first historic district.
[39]
It comprises 12 blocks of late 19th and early 20th century architecture.
Tyler experiences
weather
typical of
East Texas
. The region is located in the
humid subtropical climate
typical of the
American South
.
Severe thunderstorms with heavy rain,
hail
, damaging winds and
tornadoes
occur in the area during the spring and summer months. Summer months are hot and humid, with maximum temperatures exceeding 90?°F (32?°C) an average of 91 days per year, with high to very high relative average humidity.
The record high temperature for Tyler is 115?°F (46?°C), which occurred in 2011.
[40]
[41]
The record low for Tyler is ?3?°F (?19?°C), which occurred on January 18, 1930 and again on February 16, 2021 during the
February 2021 North American cold wave
.
[42]
Climate data for Tyler, Texas (1991?2020 normals, extremes 1883?present)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °F (°C)
|
87
(31)
|
90
(32)
|
92
(33)
|
94
(34)
|
102
(39)
|
105
(41)
|
108
(42)
|
110
(43)
|
109
(43)
|
100
(38)
|
88
(31)
|
84
(29)
|
110
(43)
|
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
|
57.9
(14.4)
|
62.6
(17.0)
|
70.4
(21.3)
|
77.3
(25.2)
|
83.7
(28.7)
|
89.9
(32.2)
|
93.1
(33.9)
|
93.6
(34.2)
|
87.6
(30.9)
|
78.1
(25.6)
|
66.4
(19.1)
|
58.8
(14.9)
|
76.6
(24.8)
|
Daily mean °F (°C)
|
48.2
(9.0)
|
52.4
(11.3)
|
59.6
(15.3)
|
66.2
(19.0)
|
73.7
(23.2)
|
80.3
(26.8)
|
83.4
(28.6)
|
83.4
(28.6)
|
77.4
(25.2)
|
67.4
(19.7)
|
56.7
(13.7)
|
49.5
(9.7)
|
66.5
(19.2)
|
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
|
38.5
(3.6)
|
42.2
(5.7)
|
48.7
(9.3)
|
55.2
(12.9)
|
63.7
(17.6)
|
70.7
(21.5)
|
73.6
(23.1)
|
73.2
(22.9)
|
67.2
(19.6)
|
56.7
(13.7)
|
47.0
(8.3)
|
40.2
(4.6)
|
56.4
(13.6)
|
Record low °F (°C)
|
?3
(?19)
|
?6
(?21)
|
13
(?11)
|
27
(?3)
|
37
(3)
|
47
(8)
|
51
(11)
|
47
(8)
|
36
(2)
|
24
(?4)
|
10
(?12)
|
0
(?18)
|
?6
(?21)
|
Average
precipitation
inches (mm)
|
3.95
(100)
|
4.26
(108)
|
4.25
(108)
|
3.99
(101)
|
4.32
(110)
|
4.78
(121)
|
2.72
(69)
|
2.92
(74)
|
3.23
(82)
|
4.72
(120)
|
3.84
(98)
|
4.68
(119)
|
47.66
(1,211)
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ 0.01 in)
|
9.1
|
9.1
|
9.7
|
8.4
|
9.5
|
8.5
|
6.9
|
6.6
|
6.5
|
7.2
|
8.5
|
9.2
|
99.2
|
Source:
NOAA
[43]
[44]
|
Historical population
Census
| Pop.
| Note
| %±
|
1880
| 2,423
| | ?
|
---|
1890
| 6,908
| | 185.1%
|
---|
1900
| 8,069
| | 16.8%
|
---|
1910
| 10,400
| | 28.9%
|
---|
1920
| 12,085
| | 16.2%
|
---|
1930
| 17,113
| | 41.6%
|
---|
1940
| 28,279
| | 65.2%
|
---|
1950
| 38,968
| | 37.8%
|
---|
1960
| 51,230
| | 31.5%
|
---|
1970
| 57,770
| | 12.8%
|
---|
1980
| 70,508
| | 22.0%
|
---|
1990
| 75,450
| | 7.0%
|
---|
2000
| 83,650
| | 10.9%
|
---|
2010
| 96,900
| | 15.8%
|
---|
2020
| 105,995
| | 9.4%
|
---|
2022 (est.)
| 109,286
| [4]
| 3.1%
|
---|
With a population of 2,423 at the
1880 census
, the city of Tyler grew to become the most populous city in
Northeast Texas
, and
33rd most populous in Texas
as of 2020. Having a census-tabulated citywide population of 105,995 at the 2020 census, its
metropolitan statistical area
became the second-largest in the region, behind the
Longview metropolitan area
. The Tyler metropolitan area had 233,479 residents in 2020,
[47]
and the Tyler?Longview area had an estimated population of 416,662 in 2022. When the U.S. Census Bureau released population estimates for 2022, Tyler was estimated to have a population of 109,286 as of July 1, 2022.
Among the city's growing population as of 2019, there were 46,320 households and 43,733 housing units. Of the units at the 2019 American Community Survey, 37,504 were occupied and the majority were
single-unit detached homes
. Tylerites had a home-ownership rate of 51.7%, and renters occupied 48.3% of the housing units from 2014 to 2019's census estimates. Owner-occupied housing units had a median cost of $164,700, and the median cost with a mortgage was $1,408 while houses without a mortgage had a median cost of $487; renters paid a median of $1,011 a month, and 1,148 rental-units had no rent paid among the population. Overall, the city of Tyler is more affordable than nearby
Dallas
.
A predominantly
middle-class
community, the city of Tyler had a
median income
of $52,294 and
mean income
of $75,349. Families had a median income of $66,579; married-couple families $85,181; and non-family households $32,263. Down from a poverty rate of 16.7% in 2018, approximately 12.6% of the population lived at or below the
poverty line
in 2019.
According to the
United States Census Bureau
, the city's ethnic makeup has become increasingly diverse, owing to
white flight
,
[51]
immigration and internal migration.
[52]
In 2020, its racial and ethnic makeup was 47.91% non-Hispanic white, 22.76% Black or African American, 22.66% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 2.82% Asian American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, and 3.23% two or more races, with 0.33% of some other race. There were 50,785
non-Hispanic white
residents and 24,023 people of
Hispanic or Latino
ancestry, of any race.
[53]
[54]
A 2020 study by
Sperling's BestPlaces
found that 73.2% of residents of the Tyler area identified as religious or spiritual.
[55]
Tyler is considered to be located in the
Bible Belt
, a region dominated by
Protestant Christianity
. There is also a significant
Roman Catholic
community. According to this 2020 study, 31.1% of Tylerite Christians identified as
Baptist
, primarily affiliated with the
Texas Baptists
,
[56]
Southern Baptist Convention
,
[57]
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc
,
National Baptist Convention of America
, and
Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship
. The Roman Catholic community of Tyler and its metropolitan area have been primarily served by the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler
. Following, 6.6% of the population were
Methodists
, mainly affiliated with the
United Methodist Church
and
African Methodist Episcopal Church
.
[58]
According to a separate 2020 study by the
Association of Religion Data Archives
, Baptists,
non/inter-denominational Protestants
, and Roman Catholics constituted the largest share of
Christendom
for Tyler metropolitan area. The same study from the Association of Religion Data Archives tabulated 11,161 Methodists divided among the African Methodist Episcopal,
Christian Methodist Episcopal
, and United Methodist churches.
[59]
Per Sperling's,
Pentecostals
formed the fourth-largest Christian group in Tyler (5.2%) and the largest Pentecostal bodies within the area as of 2020 by both separate studies are the
Church of God in Christ
,
Assemblies of God USA
and the
United Pentecostal Church
, prominent Trinitarian and
Oneness Pentecostal
denominations.
[60]
[61]
An estimated 1.2% of the religiously affiliated population were
Latter-day Saints
. Of the Christian population, 0.9% identified as
Anglicans or Episcopalians
, 0.7%
Presbyterian
, and 0.6%
Lutheran
. Roughly 13.6% of Tylerites are of another Christian faith including the
Eastern Orthodox Church
and
Jehovah's Witnesses
.
[62]
[63]
The Anglican or Episcopalian community is divided between adherents of the
Episcopal Church in the United States
and
Anglican Church in North America
. The Episcopal Church USA-affiliated
Episcopal Diocese of Texas
has congregations in Tyler. The Anglican Church in North America also has congregations in Tyler and its metropolitan area. The
Diocese of Mid-America
is the ACNA's diocese in Tyler, consisting of one church as of 2020.
[64]
This diocese is also a member of the
Reformed Episcopal Church
. Presbyterian and Lutheran bodies operating in the area include the
Presbyterian Church (USA)
and
Presbyterian Church in America
,
[65]
and the
Lutheran Church (Missouri Synod)
and
North American Lutheran Church
.
[66]
[67]
The Eastern Orthodox community is served by the
Orthodox Church in America
's
Diocese of the South
with its headquarters in nearby
Dallas
.
The BestPlaces study found that approximately 0.1% of the city's population identified with
Judaism
(compared to a state average of 0.2%), while 0.4% considered themselves
Muslim
. The area's Islamic community is affiliated with the East Texas Islamic Society.
[68]
In addition to the city's role in the rose-growing industry, Tyler is the headquarters for
Brookshire Grocery Company
, which operates Brookshire's, Fresh, Super 1 Foods, and Spring Market supermarkets in the Ark-La-Tex and parts of
Dallas?Fort Worth
.
[69]
The company's main distribution center is in south Tyler, while SouthWest Foods, a subsidiary that processes dairy products, is just northeast of the city.
The city and metropolitan area also has a growing manufacturing sector including: Tyler Pipe, a subsidiary of
McWane Inc.
that produces soil and utility pipe products;
Trane Technologies
, formerly a unit of
American Standard Companies
, which manufactures
air conditioners
and
heat pumps
(this plant was originally built in 1955 by
General Electric
);
Delek Refining
, an Israeli-owned
oil refinery
formerly La Gloria Oil and Gas Co (a
Crown Central Petroleum
subsidiary
); PCSFerguson, an operating company of
Dover Corporation
that specializes in equipment for the measurement and production of
natural gas
using the plunger lift method; DYNAenergetics Tyler Distribution Center, part of DYNAenergetics USA, which manufactures perforating equipment and
explosives
for the
oil and gas industry
; and Vesuvius USA, a manufacturer of
refractory
ceramics
used in the
steel industry
.
According to the city's 2012?2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,
[70]
the city's top ten employers were:
Recreation and tourism
edit
Annually, the
Texas Rose Festival
draws thousands of tourists to Tyler.
[71]
The festival, which celebrates the role of the rose-growing industry in the local economy, is held in October and features a
parade
, the
coronation
of the Rose Queen, and other civic events. The Rose Museum is within the
Tyler Municipal Rose Garden
and features the history of the festival.
Tyler is home to
Caldwell Zoo
, several local museums,
Lake Bellwood
, Lake Palestine, Lake Tyler, and numerous
golf courses
and country clubs.
[72]
A few miles away in
Flint, Texas
is The WaterPark @ The Villages, a year-round, indoor water park.
There is an "Azalea Trail" in Tyler, which consists of two officially designated routes within the city that showcase homes or other landscaped venues adorned with
azalea
shrubs.
[73]
The Azalea Trail also is home to the long-standing tradition of the Azalea Belles. The official greeters of the Azalea Trail are known as the Azalea Belles, young
women
from the Tyler area who dress in
antebellum
gowns
. The belles are chosen each year from area high schools or home school families.
Tyler State Park
, a few miles north of the city limits, attracts visitors with opportunities to
camp
,
canoe
, and paddle boat on the
lake
. Other available pastimes include
picnicking
,
boating
(
motors
allowed ? 5?mph
speed limit
), boat
rentals
,
fishing
,
birding
,
hiking
,
mountain biking
,
hiking trails
, lake
swimming
(in unsupervised swimming area), and
nature study
.
The Smith County Historical Society operates a
museum
and
archives
in the old Carnegie Library.
[74]
The East Texas State Fair is held annually in Tyler.
[75]
Harvey Convention Center, the largest building at Tyler's fairgrounds is slated for demolition in August 2021.
[76]
Lake Tyler was the location of the
HGTV Dream Home
contest in 2005. The 6,500?sq?ft (600?m
2
) house helped to boost tourism and interest in the community and surrounding areas. It was subsequently sold at
public auction
in January 2008, for
US$1,325,000
(equivalent to $1,875,070 in 2023).
[77]
Tyler is home to the
Cotton Belt Railroad
Depot Museum, located near the
Chamber of Commerce
office.
Individuals and business firms dedicated to discovering, collecting, and preserving data, records, and other items relating to the history of Smith County, Texas, founded The Smith County Historical Society, a
501(c)(3)
non-profit organization
, in 1959. The society operates a museum and archives in the former
Carnegie Public Library
building in
downtown
Tyler. Permanent museum exhibits include life-size dioramas of Smith County history, with topics ranging from the
Caddo Indians
to the 20th century.
Other items from the society's collections are showcased in revolving, temporary exhibits. The society's
archival library
contains historical artifacts of Smith County, including newspapers, city directories, school records, photographs, maps, historical papers, and rare books. The archives are open to the public for
research
on a limited schedule with
volunteer
staff on duty. The society is also the official caretaker of
Camp Ford Historic Park
.
Camp Ford
was the largest
Confederate
Prisoner of War
camp west of the
Mississippi River
during the
American Civil War
. The original site of the camp
stockade
is a public historic park managed by the Smith County Historical Society.
[78]
The park contains a kiosk, paved trail, interpretive signage, a cabin reconstruction, and a picnic area. It is on Highway 271, 0.8?mi (1.3?km) north of Loop 323.
College and university teams
edit
- East Texas Twisters (2004)
[80]
- Tyler features fifteen
disc golf
courses and seven leagues, and the surrounding area features a total of thirty-six courses and seventeen leagues. For these reasons, users of the disc golf app
UDisc
ranked Tyler as the second best disc golf destination in Texas and third best in the United States.
[82]
According to the city's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $87.7?million in revenues, $101.7?million in expenditures, $49.2?million in total assets, $12.3?million in total liabilities, and $17.6 million in cash in investments.
[83]
List of mayors of Tyler, Texas
- McDonald Lorance, 1846
[84]
- William Bartlett,
c.
?1848
[85]
- ?
- Oscar Burton,
c.
?1937
[86]
- Zeb J. Spruiell,
c.
?1955
[86]
- ?
- Murph Wilson, 1967
[87]
- ?
- Jack H. Halbert, 1970?1976
[88]
- ?
- Norman Shtofman, 1982?1984
[89]
- Smith Reynolds, Junior
- Kevin Eltife
,
c.
?1996?2002
[90]
Eltife will not run for re-election in '16
- Joey Seeber, 2002?2008
[84]
- Barbara Bass, 2008?2014
[84]
- Martin Heines, 2014?2020
- Don Warren, 2020?present
The Northeast Texas Public Health District is a political subdivision under the State of Texas established by the City of Tyler and Smith County.
[91]
In place for nearly 70 years, the Health District became a separate entity in 1994, with an administrative Public Health Board. With a stated vision "To be the Healthiest Community in Texas", the district has a full-time staff of over 130 employees. The Health District has a broad range of services and responsibilities dedicated to their mission: "To Protect, Promote, and Provide for the Health of Our Community."
Tyler is represented in the
Texas Senate
by
Republican
Bryan Hughes
, District 1, and in the
Texas House of Representatives
by Republican Matt Schaefer, District 6. The
Texas Twelfth Court of Appeals
is in Tyler.
[92]
The
Texas Department of Criminal Justice
operates the Region I
Parole
Division Office and the Tyler District Parole Office in Tyler.
[93]
The two U.S. senators from Texas are Republicans
John Cornyn
and
Ted Cruz
. Tyler is part of
Texas's 1st congressional district
, which is currently represented by Republican
Nathaniel Moran
. Tyler is one of the divisions of the
United States District Court
for the
Eastern District of Texas
. The
United States Postal Service
operates several post offices in Tyler, including Tyler,
[94]
Azalea
,
[95]
Southeast Crossing,
[96]
and the South Tyler Annex.
[97]
Colleges and universities
edit
Tyler's higher education institutions include the
University of Texas at Tyler
and the
University of Texas Health Center at Tyler
, both part of the
University of Texas System
, as well as
Texas College
, the city's only HBCU, and
Tyler Junior College
.
Primary and secondary schools
edit
Public primary and secondary education for much of the city is provided by the
Tyler Independent School District
, which includes high schools
Tyler High School
(previously known as John Tyler High School) and
Tyler Legacy High School
(previously known as Robert E. Lee High School), as well as Tyler ISD Early College High School, Premier High School of Tyler, a
public charter
school (Cumberland Academy). Several Tyler schools offer
international baccalaureate
and
advanced placement
programs.
[98]
Tyler is also home to the University of Texas at Tyler University Academy at Tyler, a K?12 public charter operated by the
University of Texas at Tyler
since 2012 that offers university courses to students in grades 9?12.
Portions of incorporated Tyler are served by surrounding school districts. These include sections of southeast Tyler, served by the
Whitehouse Independent School District
, and some sections in the east which are served by the
chapel Hill Independent School District
.
There are also private schools in Tyler, including
Grace Community School (Texas)
,
All Saints Episcopal School
,
Seventh-day Adventist Church
School, King's Academy Christian School, Kingdom Life Academy (in the same building but not affiliated with King's Academy), Christian Heritage School, East Texas Christian Academy, and Good Shepherd Reformed Episcopal School. The Brook Hill School in nearby Bullard, TX, also serves the Tyler area. The Tyler
Catholic
School System of the
Catholic Diocese of Tyler
consists of St. Gregory Cathedral School and
Bishop Thomas K. Gorman Regional Catholic Middle and High School
.
[99]
Tyler has 24 media outlets and one newspaper. There are many others in the surrounding area.
Frequency
|
Call Letters
|
Format
|
Name
|
600
|
KTBB
|
News/Talk
|
1330
|
KGLD
|
Gospel
|
The Light
|
1490
|
KYZS
|
Classic Hits
|
K-DOK (relay of
KDOK
Kilgore)
|
Frequency
|
Call Letters
|
Format
|
Name
|
88.7
|
KZLO
|
Christian Contemporary
|
KLOVE
|
89.5
|
KVNE
|
Christian Contemporary
|
Encouragement FM
|
91.3
|
KGLY
|
Religious
|
Lift 91.3
|
92.1
|
KRWR
|
Sports
|
92.1 The Team
|
93.1
|
KTYL
|
Hot Adult Contemporary
|
Mix 93.1
|
94.3
|
KZWL
|
Christian Teaching
|
The Well
|
96.1
|
KKTX
|
Classic Rock
|
Classic Rock 96.1
|
96.7
|
KOYE
|
Regional Mexican
|
La Invasora
|
97.5
|
KTBB-FM
|
News/Talk
|
KTBB
|
99.3
|
KAPW
|
Spanish Pop
|
Mega 99.3
|
101.5
|
KNUE
|
Country
|
Today's Country 101.5 KNUE
|
102.3
|
KLFZ
|
Spanish Christian
|
Fuzion 102.3
|
102.7
|
KBLZ
|
Urban Contemporary
|
102.7 The Blaze
|
104.1
|
KKUS
|
Classic Country
|
104.1 The Ranch
|
106.5
|
KOOI
|
Variety Hits
|
106.5
Jack FM
|
107.3
|
KISX
|
Urban Adult Contemporary
|
107.3
Kiss-FM
|
The most common form of
transportation
is the
motor vehicle
. Tyler is a nexus of several major highways.
Interstate 20
runs along the north edge of the city going east and west,
U.S. Highway 69
runs north?south through the center of town and
State Highway 64
runs east?west through the city. Tyler also has access to
U.S. Highway 271
,
State Highway 31
,
State Highway 155
, and
State Highway 110
.
Loop 323
was established in 1957 and encircles the city, which has continued to grow outside of this loop.
Loop 49
is a limited access "outer loop" around the city and currently runs from State Highway 110 south of Tyler to US 69 northwest of Tyler near Lindale.
Loop 124
is 1.524?mi (2.453?km) in length.
Public transportation
edit
Tyler Transit provides customers with
public transportation
service within the City of Tyler. The buses run daily, excluding Sundays and holidays. Tyler Transit offers customers the option to purchase
tickets
, tokens, or passes at the Tyler Transit office, at 210 E. Oakwood Street inside the
Cotton Belt Railroad
Depot at the main transfer point. The City of Tyler paratransit service is a shared-ride, public transportation service. Requests for service must be made the day before the service is needed. Trips can be scheduled up to 14 days in advance.
ADA
compliant paratransit service is provided to all origins and destinations within the service area defined as the city limits of Tyler.
[100]
Greyhound Lines
bus service is available through a downtown terminal.
Tyler Pounds Regional Airport
offers service to and from
Dallas?Fort Worth International Airport
via
American Eagle
, providing service with
Embraer
ERJ-135
and
ERJ-145
and CRJ-700 regional jets. General Aviation services are provided by two fixed-base operators, Johnson Aviation and the Jet Center of Tyler.
Tyler was the hub for a series of short-line
railroads
which later evolved into the
St. Louis Southwestern Railway
, better known as "The Cotton Belt Route," with the city last being a stop on the unnamed successor to the
Morning Star
between
St. Louis
and
Dallas
.
[101]
This line later became part of the
Southern Pacific Railroad
, which itself merged with the
Union Pacific Railroad
, which continues to serve the city today with freight traffic. No passenger train service to Tyler has occurred since April 1956, but
Amtrak
's
Texas Eagle
runs through the city of
Mineola
, a short distance north of Tyler.
A 2014 study by
Walk Score
ranked Tyler with a walkability score of 32 (out of 100) with some amenities within walking distance.
[102]
- Fragments of the
Space Shuttle
Columbia
landed near Tyler in 2003, following the
breakup
of it in the atmosphere.
- On the evening of 2009, a fire engulfed a number of historic buildings in downtown Tyler. Eight different fire departments responded to the fire.
[103]
- The 1982 Supreme Court case
Plyler v. Doe
, which prohibited denying schooling to immigrant children, originated in the
Tyler Independent School District
.
[104]
- The
Tyler courthouse shooting
occurred in 2005, when David Arroyo fatally shot his ex-wife and a man in the Tyler Square inside the Smith County Courthouse.
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.
- Austin, Gladys Peters,
Along the Century Trail: Early History of Tyler, Texas
(Dallas: Avalon Press, 1946)
- Burton, Morris
Tyler as an Early Railroad Center
, Chronicles of Smith County, Spring 1963
- Betts, Vicki,
Smith County, Texas, in the Civil War
(Tyler, Texas: Smith County Historical Society, 1978)
- Everett, Dianna,
The Texas Cherokees: A People between Two Fires, 1819?1840
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990)
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Tyler and Smith County, Texas
(n.p.: Walsworth, 1976)
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Texas: Its Background and History in Ante-Bellum Days
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Historic Smith County
(Historical Publishing Network, 2006).
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(
Arcadia Publishing
, 2008).
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Postcard History: Tyler
(
Arcadia Publishing
, 2009).
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Historical Atlas of Smith County
(Tyler, Texas: Tyler Print Shop, 1965)
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ISBN
978-1511963732
- Whisenhunt, Donald W. comp.,
Chronological History of Smith County
(Tyler, Texas: Smith County Historical Society, 1983)
- Woldert, Albert,
A History of Tyler and Smith County
(San Antonio: Naylor, 1948)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for
Tyler
.