Hurricane Zeta
was a late-season
major hurricane
in 2020 that made landfall on the
Yucatan Peninsula
and then in southeastern
Louisiana
, the latest on record to do so at such strength in the United States. Zeta was the record-tying sixth hurricane of the year to make
landfall
in the United States. The twenty-seventh
named storm
, twelfth hurricane and fifth major hurricane of the extremely active
2020 Atlantic hurricane season
, Zeta formed from a broad
area of low pressure
that formed in the western Caribbean Sea on October?19. After battling
wind shear
, the quasi-stationary low organized into
Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight
on October?24. The system strengthened into
Tropical Storm Zeta
early on October?25 before becoming a hurricane the next day as it began to move northwestward. Hurricane Zeta made landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula late on October?26 and weakened while inland to a tropical storm, before moving off the northern coast of the peninsula on October?27. After weakening due to dry air entrainment, Zeta reorganized and became a hurricane again, and eventually a
Category?2 hurricane
, as it turned northeastward approaching the
United States Gulf Coast
on October?28. It continued to strengthen until it reached its peak intensity as a major Category 3 hurricane with 115-mile-per-hour (185?km/h) sustained winds and a minimum pressure of 970?
mbar
(28.64?
inHg
) as it made landfall at
Cocodrie, Louisiana
, that evening. Zeta continued on through Mississippi and parts of Alabama with hurricane-force winds. Zeta gradually weakened as it accelerated northeastward, and became post-tropical on October?29, as it moved through central
Virginia
, dissipating shortly afterwards off the coast of
New Jersey
. After bringing accumulating snow to parts of New England, the
extratropical low-pressure system
carrying Zeta's remnant energy impacted the
United Kingdom
on November?1 and?2.
Hurricane Zeta
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Zeta_2020-10-28_1855Z.jpg/220px-Zeta_2020-10-28_1855Z.jpg) Hurricane Zeta prior to peak intensity and landfall in southeast
Louisiana
on October?28
|
|
Formed
| October?24, 2020
|
---|
Post-tropical
| October?29, 2020
|
---|
Dissipated
| October?30, 2020
|
---|
|
1-minute sustained
(
SSHWS
/
NWS
)
|
Highest?winds
| 115?mph (185?km/h)
|
---|
Lowest?pressure
| 970
mbar
(
hPa
); 28.64?
inHg
|
---|
|
Fatalities
| 9 total
|
---|
Damage
| $4.4?billion (2020
USD
)
|
---|
Areas affected
| Cayman Islands
,
Jamaica
,
Central America
,
Yucatan Peninsula
,
Gulf Coast of the United States
,
Southeastern United States
,
Mid-Atlantic
,
New England
,
Ireland
,
United Kingdom
|
---|
IBTrACS
/
[1]
|
Part of the
2020 Atlantic hurricane
and
2020?21 North American winter
seasons
|
Numerous
tropical cyclone watches and warnings
were issued in areas that had already dealt with other tropical cyclones throughout the season, including
Hurricane Delta
, which took a near-identical track three weeks prior. States of emergencies were issued in Louisiana,
Mississippi
, and
Alabama
. Heavy rain in
Jamaica
led to a landslide that killed a man and his daughter when it hit their family home on October?24. In Mexico, strong winds and
storm surge
knocked down tree branches onto flooded streets in
Playa del Carmen
,
Quintana Roo
, near where Zeta made landfall. Heavy rain, storm surge, and strong winds also impacted the
Southeastern United States
and at least six fatalities were confirmed in the region. Downed power lines and numerous crashes were a result in New England after the remnants of the system brought heavy accumulating snow to parts of the region. Overall, Zeta caused at least $4.4 billion in damage throughout its path: $3.9 billion in the United States and $50 million in the Caribbean.
[2]
Meteorological history
edit
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir?Simpson scale
[nb 1]
Map key
Tropical?depression (≤38?mph,?≤62?km/h)
Tropical?storm (39?73?mph,?63?118?km/h)
Category?1 (74?95?mph,?119?153?km/h)
Category?2 (96?110?mph,?154?177?km/h)
Category?3 (111?129?mph,?178?208?km/h)
Category?4 (130?156?mph,?209?251?km/h)
Category?5 (≥157?mph,?≥252?km/h)
Unknown
At 00:00?UTC on October?15, the
National Hurricane Center
(NHC) began to monitor the southern
Caribbean Sea
for the possible development of a broad area of low pressure over the region.
[3]
A large area of unsettled weather developed over the southwestern Caribbean by October?19 due to the combination of a
tropical wave
and a
trough
of low pressure. Although unfavorable upper-level winds prevented further development of the tropical wave, southerly
flow
from that system caused Zeta's precursor trough to drift northward.
[1]
Three days later, satellite images and radar data showed that the system, located near
Grand Cayman Island
at the time, was gradually becoming better organized.
[4]
Following an increase of deep convection overnight into the morning of October?24, satellite data indicated that a well-defined low formed by 12:00?UTC October?24, marking the formation of
Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight
. Then, 12?hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Zeta,
[1]
while located about 270?mi (430?km) east-southeast of
Cozumel
,
Quintana Roo
.
[5]
After remaining nearly stationary for over a day, the storm began to move northwestward, and, despite experiencing some north-northwestwardly wind shear,
[6]
Zeta steadily intensified, reaching hurricane strength by 06:00?UTC on October?26, while located about 230?mi (370?km) southeast of Cozumel. At 03:55?UTC the next day, the hurricane made its first landfall near
Ciudad Chemuyil
, Quintana Roo with sustained winds of 85?mph (135?km/h).
[1]
It weakened to a tropical storm over the Yucatan Peninsula, and moved offshore of the northern coast of the peninsula by 15:00?UTC, about 25?mi (40?km) north-northeast of
Progreso, Yucatan
.
[7]
Tropical Storm Zeta approaching the
Yucatan Peninsula
on October?26
Dry air wrapped around the northern half of Zeta's circulation as it moved off shore over the southern Gulf of Mexico, leaving its center partially exposed,
[8]
though it began to re-intensify on October?28, in a conducive environment of low shear and warm
Sea surface temperatures
.
[1]
At 06:00?UTC on October?28, while located about 410?mi (660?km) south of
New Orleans
, Louisiana, Zeta became a hurricane again.
[9]
It then began to accelerate, turning towards the northeast because of an approaching upper-level low and associated cold front moving across the
Southern Plains
while ridging was located off the Southeast Atlantic U.S. Coast.
[10]
While within the swift flow between these systems, Zeta rapidly intensified as it moved quickly, with a forward speed of (25?30?mph (40?48?km/h), toward the Louisiana coast.
[1]
Despite marginal sea-surface temperatures and increasing wind shear, the storm's velocity kept it from weakening.
[10]
It continued to strengthen until it reached its peak intensity, as a category?3 hurricane, with sustained winds of 115?mph (185?km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 970?mbar (29?inHg), as it made landfall near
Cocodrie, Louisiana
, at 21:00?UTC.
[1]
Operationally, the National Hurricane Center determined the storm to only be a category 2 at landfall, but it was upgraded to a category 3 in post season analysis.
[11]
The storm began to gradually weaken as it moved directly over
New Orleans
and then into southern
Mississippi
.
[1]
Its maximum sustained winds decreased to tropical storm strength early on October?29, about 25?mi (40?km) south-southeast of
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
.
[12]
It then accelerated northeastward across northern
Georgia
and the southern
Appalachian Mountains
,
[1]
before transitioning into a post-tropical cyclone about 25?mi (40?km) south-southeast of
Charlottesville, Virginia
.
[13]
The system continued moving rapidly northeastward overnight on
October 29?30
, becoming entwined with a frontal zone
[1]
and bringing accumulating snow to parts of New England,
[14]
before dissipating east of the
mid-Atlantic U.S. coast
on October?30.
[1]
Several days later, the low-pressure system carrying Zeta's remnant energy brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of the
United Kingdom
.
[15]
Cayman Islands and Jamaica
edit
Flash flood warnings were issued in parts of Jamaica and the
Cayman Islands
, where a small craft warning was also issued in the latter.
[16]
[17]
Upon formation, a
Tropical Storm Watch
was issued for the province of
Pinar del Rio
.
[18]
This was upgraded to a warning soon after. However, the storm went a bit further south than expected, and no significant impacts were felt there.
[
citation needed
]
In Quintana Roo, people were still recovering from
Hurricane Delta
, which hit the region about three weeks prior. The state government set up several shelters for residents and tourists, while transport was suspended.
[19]
Some boats that usually carry tourists anchored among mangroves to avoid the waves and winds of Hurricane Zeta.
[20]
GOES-16 imagery of Hurricane Zeta and the
Southern Plains winter storm
interacting on October?28
Hurricane watches were issued for eastern and central coastal
Louisiana
and coastal
Mississippi
. A tropical storm watch was also issued for areas east of
Intracoastal City
to
Morgan City, Louisiana
, as well as coastal
Alabama
. Storm surge watches were issued for the entire area as well. The western part of watches and warnings were trimmed as the storm approached and the forecast track became better established.
[21]
Inland tropical storm warnings were issued as far north as southern
Virginia
. Two
tornado watches
were ultimately issued for this storm; they stretched from southeast Louisiana into southwestern
Georgia
.
[22]
[23]
As the storm began to merge with a
cold front
, winter weather advisories were issued for inland
New England
with the threat of accumulating snow causing problems on roads.
[24]
On October?26, Louisiana Governor
John Bel Edwards
issued a
state of emergency
for the entire state.
[25]
The town of
Grand Isle
issued a mandatory evacuation on October 27 as a voluntary evacuation was ordered for
Jean Lafitte
that same day.
[26]
Tulane University
moved classes to virtual learning on October 28, while also closing health centers on campus.
[27]
Cleco
employed more than 200 new workers to help restore power in the aftermath of Zeta.
[28]
Several national park units were shut down to weather the storm.
[29]
Mississippi Governor
Tate Reeves
declared a state of emergency ahead of Zeta on October?28.
[30]
This was preceded by
Hattiesburg
and
Forrest County
's emergency declarations which were issued on October 27.
[31]
Schools in
Pascagoula
,
Gautier
,
Biloxi
, and
Long Beach
were closed on October 28 and 29 although schools in Pascagoula and Gautier only had early releases on October 28.
[32]
On October 26, the entire Mississippi section of the
Gulf Islands National Seashore
shut down in preparation of the hurricane.
[33]
On October?27, Alabama Governor
Kay Ivey
issued a state of emergency.
[34]
Baldwin EMC stocked on supplies and put extra crews on standby ahead of Zeta to help restore power in parts of the state.
[35]
Tropical Storm Warnings were issued as far inland as the Carolinas and Virginia on October?28, with the likelihood of tropical-storm-force sustained winds and gusts likely in the areas.
[36]
After the storm moved offshore, the threat of blowing snow and other wintry weather in New England prompted
Winter Weather Advisories
for much of inland New England on October?29 and 30. The residents of the area were warned of slick roads and unsuitable driving conditions with the wintry weather.
[24]
Cayman Islands and Jamaica
edit
A man and his daughter were killed in
Jamaica
after a landslide hit the family's home on October?24. The landslide was due to heavy rain likely from the precursor to Zeta.
[37]
The precursor of Zeta caused
J$
2?billion (US$13.7?million) in infrastructural damage.
[38]
Later, Zeta also caused US$18 million to roads and US$13 million in agricultural losses.
[39]
Tree branches were littered across flooded streets in
Playa del Carmen
,
Quintana Roo
, near where Zeta made landfall.
[40]
However, Quintana Roo Governor
Carlos Joaquin
stated on
Twitter
that no major damage or casualties had been reported in the state. He also allowed airports and business to re-open just hours after landfall, but forced beaches to remain closed until surf calmed.
[41]
Damage in Quintana Roo was relatively minor, and only reached
MX$
4.1?million (US$195,000).
[42]
A number of
tornado warnings
were issued in Louisiana,
Mississippi
,
Alabama
, and
Florida
.
[43]
[44]
Over 2 million customers in the United States lost power.
[45]
Sustained tropical storm force winds began spreading onshore in southeastern coast of Louisiana around 18:00?UTC on October?28.
[46]
A sustained wind of 45?mph (72?km/h) was reported at Caillou Bay.
[47]
Just after a landfall, a personal weather station at
Golden Meadow
reported winds of 83?mph with a gust to 105?mph while another unofficial weather station nearby reported sustained winds of 94?mph (151?km/h) and a gust to 110?mph (180?km/h).
[46]
[48]
Additionally, a wind gust to 52?mph (84?km/h) was reported at
Houma
and a wind gust to 53?mph (85?km/h) was reported at
New Orleans Lakefront Airport
.
[48]
A WeatherFlow station in
Harahan
reported sustained winds of 56?mph (90?km/h) and a gust to 75?mph (121?km/h) while an elevated station at Bayou Bienvenue south-southeast of
New Orleans
reported sustained winds of 88?mph (142?km/h) and a gust to 112?mph (180?km/h).
[49]
Shell Beach
reported sustained winds of 81?mph (130?km/h) with a gust to 101?mph (163?km/h).
[50]
A gas station was damaged in
Grand Isle
and a tree fell on a home in
Chauvin
.
[46]
[51]
Numerous utility lines were downed in Houma and storm surge flooded
LA 1
in Golden Meadow while also depositing a boat on it.
[51]
The eye of Zeta moved directly over
New Orleans
, where winds gusted to 94?mph, a large tree was snapped in
Bayou St. John
, and a tree was blown down onto a car in the
Garden District
.
[52]
The airport reported a pressure of 973?mb as the eye moved overhead.
[50]
One person was hospitalized after a roof collapsed on a building in the city,
[53]
and another person was also killed due to electrocution from downed power lines.
[54]
Overall, Zeta caused $1.25 billion damage in Louisiana.
[1]
Bay St. Louis experienced maximum sustained winds of 80?mph with gusts to 103?mph at approximately 7:00 pm local time.
[55]
This was followed shortly after by peak storm surge recorded at 9.99?ft (3.04?m).
[56]
The only
tornado
reported while Zeta was a tropical cyclone occurred in
Noxubee County
on October 28. It was rated EF1 (on the
Enhanced Fujita Scale
) and caused about $30,000 in damage.
[1]
[57]
The storm surge flooded the parking garage at the Golden Nugget Casino in
Biloxi
, leaving several cars partially submerged.
[58]
Wind gusts of near 60?mph (95?km/h) were reported in
Forrest County
.
[59]
Trees were blown down in eastern
Marion County
and in
Lamar County
south of
U.S. 98
.
[60]
[61]
Additionally, there were sporadic reports of home damage in the region.
[62]
[63]
One death was recorded in Biloxi when a person was found dead on the Broadwater Marina, having drowned after being surrounded by storm surge.
[1]
[64]
Overall, Zeta caused $650 million damage in Mississippi.
[1]
Strong winds impacted
Mobile
, which was still recovering from
Hurricane Sally
from the month prior. The weather service at
Mobile Regional Airport
reported sustained winds of 48?mph (77?km/h) and a wind gust of 91?mph (146?km/h).
[65]
An observation at the museum ship
USS
Alabama
reported sustained winds of 64?mph (103?km/h) while an observation at the
Buccaneer Yacht Club
reported a wind gust of 60?mph (97?km/h).
[66]
An observation in
Evergreen
reported sustained winds of 41?mph (66?km/h) with a wind gust of 68?mph (109?km/h) and a minimum pressure of 988?mb was reported at the
Demopolis Municipal Airport
as Zeta passed nearby. A National Ocean Service station at the
Bayou La Batre
Bridge reported 6.89 feet (2.10?m) of storm surge as well.
[67]
An observation in
Wetumpka
reported sustained winds of 44?mph (71?km/h).
[12]
One person died when a tree fell on a mobile home in rural
Clarke County
.
[68]
Overall, Zeta caused $825 million damage in Alabama, as well as 500,000 power outages.
[69]
[1]
East Coast of the United States
edit
5.5?in (14?cm) of snow blanketing
Lexington, MA
after
post-tropical cyclone
Zeta came through the area
The precipitation in
New England
from Zeta on October 30 as seen on
NWS Boston
radar (top) and a snowfall map from Zeta showing snowfall amounts in southern New England (bottom).
After interacting and merging with the winter storm located over the Southern Plains, Zeta caused widespread wind damage throughout the rest of the
Southeastern United States
. A wind gust of 52?mph (84?km/h) was observed in
Pensacola, Florida
.
[67]
Zeta crossed over
Northern Georgia
beginning at 05:00?UTC on October?29, causing major impacts, especially in
Metro Atlanta
. Wind gust was recorded to be up to 60?mph (97?km/h) on the
Georgia
/
Alabama
border, near
Piedmont, Alabama
.
[70]
In
Acworth, Georgia
, a large oak tree was uprooted and fell on a mobile home, killing a man. Two other adults and a child were in the home at the time of the incident but were not injured.
[71]
Two other people in
Buford, Georgia
, also died from a tree falling onto their house.
[72]
Nearly a million people in Metro Atlanta were without power the morning after the storm.
[73]
Thousands of people in Metro Atlanta were still without power four days after the storm, in addition to at least one polling location which was to be used for the
2020 elections
, resulting in an emergency change in such locations.
[74]
Overall, Zeta caused $1.1 billion damage in Georgia, becoming one of the top five costliest tropical cyclones in Georgia in the process.
[11]
In
North Carolina
, sustained tropical-storm force winds moved over the entire state.
[75]
A sustained wind of 41?mph (66?km/h) and a gust to 82?mph (132?km/h) was reported at
Cashiers
while a sustained wind of 38?mph (61?km/h) and a gust to 51?mph (82?km/h) were reported at the
Greensboro Piedmont Triad International Airport
.
[76]
[77]
A sustained wind of 51?mph (82?km/h) and a gust to 72?mph (116?km/h) was also reported at a station in
Conway
, to the east of
Roanoke Rapids
.
[13]
As the storm raced offshore, a sustained wind of 39?mph (63?km/h) and a gust to 46?mph (74?km/h) was reported at
Ocean City, Maryland
.
[78]
Overall, Zeta caused $550 million damage in the Carolinas and $25 million in
Virginia
.
[1]
In parts of southern
New England
and upstate
New York
, the remnants of post-tropical cyclone Zeta brought accumulating snow to the region, after interacting with a cold front also moving through.
[79]
The highest amount of accumulation was 6.5?in (17?cm) of snow recorded in
Grafton, Massachusetts
.
[80]
The National Weather Service at
Norton, Massachusetts
set a monthly record for snow, at 3.5?in (8.9?cm).
[81]
This early-season snowstorm resulted in some downed tree branches in the region.
[82]
The snowstorm also caused slippery road surfaces, leading to numerous crashes, some serious, in the state of Massachusetts.
[83]
The cold front associated with Zeta dropped temperatures on the morning of October 31 to 19?°F (?7?°C) in
Albany, New York
, just one degree shy of the record. This is well below the typical low temperature of 35?°F (2?°C). Highs that day struggled to get into the 40s.
[84]
Parts of
New Jersey
saw temperatures get as low as 20?°F (?7?°C) after Zeta dropped snow in the northern portion of the state, acculumating to 2.4?in (6.1?cm) in
High Point State Park
.
[85]
[86]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in the United Kingdom
Highest-known totals
Precipitation
|
Storm
|
Location
|
Ref.
|
Rank
|
mm
|
in
|
1
|
150.0
|
5.91
|
Bertha 2014
|
Inverness
,
Highland
|
[87]
|
2
|
135.0
|
5.31
|
Charley 1986
|
Abergwyngregyn
,
Gwynedd
|
[88]
|
3
|
130.0
|
5.12
|
Nadine 2012
|
Ravensworth
,
North Yorkshire
|
[89]
|
4
|
76.0
|
2.99
|
Lili 1996
|
Chale Bay
,
Isle of Wight
|
[90]
|
5
|
61.7
|
2.43
|
Zeta 2020
|
Chipping
,
Lancashire
|
[91]
|
6
|
48.8
|
1.92
|
Grace 2009
|
Capel Curig
,
Conwy
|
[92]
|
7
|
42.2
|
1.66
|
Gordon 2006
|
Wainfleet All Saints
,
Lincolnshire
|
[93]
|
8
|
38.0
|
1.50
|
Gonzalo 2014
|
Glenmoriston
,
Highland
|
[94]
|
9
|
31.0
|
1.22
|
Bill 2009
|
Shap
,
Cumbria
|
[95]
|
10
|
30.0
|
1.18
|
Laura 2008
|
Windermere
,
Cumbria
|
[96]
|
The remnant energy of Zeta crossed the
United Kingdom
on November 1?2, less than a day after
Storm Aiden
had impacted the country. Due to the risk of further heavy rainfall across areas previously impacted by Aiden, the
Environment Agency
issued more than 40 flood alerts ahead of the arrival of Zeta's remnants.
[97]
The system re-intensified into a hurricane-force
extratropical cyclone
while centered off the western coast of
Scotland
on 1?November. Heavy rainfall resulted in the
River Wharfe
bursting its banks in
West Yorkshire
, flooding properties in the town of
Otley
.
[
citation needed
]
It was responsible for flooding in
North Wales
after bringing prolonged heavy rainfall to the region.
[98]
The village of
Dolgarrog
suffered extensive damage after flash flooding inundated the entire village, including
Dolgarrog railway station
, causing the suspension of services along the
Conwy Valley line
.
[98]
In
Betws-y-Coed
, the
A5 road
was closed; the nearby
Dolgellau Bypass
was also closed due to flooding.
[98]
Several rivers burst their banks, including the
River Dee
, causing damage in
Bangor-on-Dee
,
Corwen
,
Llangollen
and
Wrexham
.
[98]
In
Trefriw
, officers from
North Wales Police
rescued several residents from flooded homes overnight.
[99]
High winds also caused disruption to transport. Along the
A55 road
in north Wales, speed restrictions were in place on the
Britannia Bridge
and around
Conwy Tunnel
, while
Dyfi Bridge
on the
A487
was closed. The
A525
was blocked by fallen trees. The
M62 motorway
was closed between
Leeds
and
Manchester
after high winds caused a lorry to overturn, landing on top of a van in the next lane. At
Birmingham Airport
, high winds caused difficulty for arriving aircraft.
[100]
Upon formation, Zeta became the earliest 27th Atlantic tropical or subtropical storm on record, surpassing the old mark of November?29, set by
Hurricane Epsilon
in
2005
.
[4]
It also became the latest major hurricane to strike the continental United States in the calendar year on record, surpassing the
1921 Tampa Bay hurricane
.
[101]
The 2020 season was the second (along with 2005) in which an alphabetic list of 21
storm names
had been exhausted, necessitating use of the
Greek alphabet
auxiliary list. In March 2021, the
World Meteorological Organization
replaced that auxiliary list with a new 21-name supplemental list. As a result, the name
Zeta
will not be used to name another
Atlantic hurricane
.
[102]
- ^
The position of Zeta's Category?3 peak is not depicted in this graphic as it is an asynoptic point (i.e. not at the 6-hour intervals of all other points) occurring at 21:00?UTC October?28, the time of Louisiana landfall.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
Eric Blake; Robbie Berg; Andrew Hagen (May 10, 2021).
"Hurricane Zeta"
(PDF)
.
Tropical Cyclone Report
. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
May 11,
2021
.
- ^
"Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Events"
. NOAA
. Retrieved
January 11,
2020
.
- ^
Stewart, Stacy (October 14, 2020).
"Tropical Weather Outlook"
.
nhc.noaa.gov
. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
October 25,
2020
.
- ^
a
b
Shepherd, Marshall (October 23, 2020).
"Zeta May Be Forming In The Caribbean ? Why That's Odd (And Not)"
.
Forbes
. Retrieved
October 25,
2020
.
- ^
Michael Brennan (October 24, 2020).
"Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight Intermediate Advisory Number 1A"
. National Hurricane Center Miami, Florida
. Retrieved
May 11,
2021
.
- ^
Richard Pasch (October 26, 2020).
"Tropical Storm Zeta Discussion Number 8"
. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
October 30,
2020
.
- ^
Richard Pasch (October 27, 2020).
"Tropical Storm Zeta Discussion Number 12"
. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
October 27,
2020
.
- ^
Richard Pasch (October 27, 2020).
"Tropical Storm Zeta Discussion Number 13"
. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
October 28,
2020
.
- ^
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