This article is about the U.S. television channel. For the company and other channels of the same name, see
ESPN Inc.
For the railroad, see
East Penn Railroad
. For the gene, see
ESPN (gene)
.
ESPN
(an abbreviation of its original name, the
Entertainment and Sports Programming Network
[2]
) is an American international
basic cable
sports channel
owned by
The Walt Disney Company
(80% and operational control) and
Hearst Communications
(20%) through the joint venture
ESPN Inc.
The company was founded in 1979 by
Bill Rasmussen
,
Scott Rasmussen
and Ed Eagan.
[2]
ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in
Bristol, Connecticut
. The network also operates offices and auxiliary studios in
Miami
,
Orlando
,
New York City
,
Las Vegas
,
Seattle
,
Charlotte
,
Washington, D.C.
, and
Los Angeles
.
James Pitaro
has been chairman since March 5, 2018, following the resignation of
John Skipper
on December 18, 2017.
[3]
As of November?2021
[update]
, ESPN reached approximately 76 million television households in the United States?a drop of 24% from nearly a decade prior.
[4]
As of June?2023
[update]
, the channel's reach had been reduced to 72.5 million homes.
[5]
In addition to the flagship channel and its seven related channels in the United States, ESPN broadcasts in more than 200 countries.
[6]
It operates regional channels in Africa, Australia, Latin America, and the Netherlands. In Canada, it owns a 20% interest in
The Sports Network
(TSN) and its five sister networks. Despite the network's success,
criticism of ESPN
includes accusations of biased coverage,
[7]
conflict of interest
, and controversies with individual broadcasters and analysts.
[
citation needed
]
Headquarters in
Bristol, Connecticut
Bill Rasmussen
came up with the concept of ESPN in May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the
World Hockey Association
's
New England Whalers
. Rasmussen and his ESPN co-founder Ed Eagan, joined by Rasmussen's son
Scott
(who had also been let go by the Whalers), first rented office space in
Plainville, Connecticut
. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because of a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop
satellite dishes
. Available land to build their own facility on was quickly found in
Bristol, Connecticut
(where the channel remains headquartered to this day), with funding to buy the property provided by
Getty Oil
, which purchased 85% of the company from Bill Rasmussen on February 22, 1979, in an attempt to diversify the company's holdings. This helped the credibility of the fledgling company; however, there were still many doubters about the viability of their sports channel concept. Another event that helped build ESPN's credibility was securing an advertising agreement with
Anheuser-Busch
in the spring of 1979; the company invested $1 million to be the "exclusive beer advertised on the network."
[8]
[9]
ESPN's first logo, used from 1979 to 1985
ESPN launched on September 7, 1979, beginning with the first telecast of what would become the channel's flagship program,
SportsCenter
. Taped in front of a small live audience inside the Bristol studios, it was broadcast to 1.4 million cable subscribers throughout the United States.
[8]
ESPN's next big step forward came when the channel acquired the rights to broadcast coverage of the early rounds of the
NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament
. It first aired its games in March 1980, helping bring attention to what is today known as "
March Madness
." The channel's tournament coverage also launched the broadcasting career of
Dick Vitale
, who at the time he joined ESPN had just been fired as head coach of the
Detroit Pistons
.
In April of that year ESPN began televising the
NFL Draft
, bringing it also to a mass audience and over time creating a television "event". That same month the network began broadcasting
Top Rank Boxing on ESPN
, marking the beginning of its involvement with televised
professional boxing
.
[10]
The show lasted 16 years, and ESPN has since shown boxing live intermittently with other shows including
ESPN Friday Night Fights
and others. For a period during the 1980s, the network had boxing tournaments, crowning champions in different boxing weight divisions as "ESPN champions".
The next major stepping stone for ESPN came throughout a couple of months in 1984. During this period, the
American Broadcasting Company
(ABC) purchased 100% of ESPN from the Rasmussens and Getty Oil.
[8]
Under Getty ownership, the channel was unable to compete for the television rights to major sports events contracts as its majority corporate parent would not provide the funding, leading ESPN to lose out for broadcast deals with the
National Hockey League
(to
USA Network
) and
NCAA Division I college football
(to
TBS
). For years, the
NFL
,
NBA
, and
Major League Baseball
refused to consider cable as a means of broadcasting some of their games.
[11]
However, with the backing of ABC, ESPN's ability to compete for major sports contracts greatly increased, and gave it credibility within the sports broadcasting industry.
Later that year, the
U.S. Supreme Court
ruled in
NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
(1984) that the
NCAA
could no longer monopolize the rights to negotiate the contracts for college football games, allowing each school to negotiate broadcast deals on their own. ESPN took full advantage and began to broadcast a large number of NCAA football games, creating an opportunity for fans to be able to view multiple games each weekend (instead of just one), the same deal that the NCAA had previously negotiated with TBS.
[11]
ESPN's breakthrough moment occurred in 1987 when it secured a contract with the NFL to broadcast eight games during
that year's regular season
? all of which aired on Sunday nights, marking the first broadcasts of Sunday NFL primetime games. ESPN's
Sunday Night Football
games would become the highest-rated NFL telecasts for the next 17 years (before losing the rights to
NBC
in 2006).
[12]
The channel's decision to broadcast NFL games on Sunday evenings resulted in a decline in viewership for the daytime games shown on the major broadcast networks, marking the first time that ESPN had been a legitimate competitor to NBC and CBS, which had long dominated the sports television market.
In 1992, ESPN launched
ESPN Radio
, a national
sports talk radio
network providing analysis and commentary programs (including shows such as
Mike and Mike in the Morning
and
The Herd
) as well as audio play-by-play of sporting events (including some simulcasted with the ESPN television channel).
[8]
On October 10, 1993,
ESPN2
? a secondary channel that originally was programmed with a separate lineup of niche sports popular with males 18?49 years old (with
snowboarding
and the
World Series of Poker
as its headliners) as well as serving as an overflow channel for ESPN ? launched on cable systems reaching to 10 million subscribers.
[8]
It became the fastest-growing cable channel in the U.S. during the 1990s, eventually expanding its national reach to 75 million subscribers.
[8]
Ownership of ABC, and thus control of ESPN, was acquired by
Capital Cities Communications
in 1985.
[13]
ESPN's parent company renamed themselves as Capital Cities/ABC Inc. Capital Cities/ABC Inc. was then acquired by
The Walt Disney Company
in 1996
[14]
and was re-branded as
Walt Disney Television
.
Challenges began to appear in the 2000s. ESPN began to shed viewers, more than 10 million over a period of several years in the 2010s even while paying big money for the broadcast rights to such properties as the NFL,
NBA
and
College Football Playoff
.
[15]
On April 26, 2017, approximately 100 ESPN employees were notified that their positions with the sports network had been terminated, among them athletes-turned-analysts
Trent Dilfer
and
Danny Kanell
, and noted journalists like
NFL
beat reporter
Ed Werder
and
Major League Baseball
expert
Jayson Stark
.
[16]
Further cost-cutting measures taken included moving the studio operations of ESPNU to Bristol from
Charlotte, North Carolina
,
[17]
reducing its longtime MLB studio show
Baseball Tonight
to Sundays as a lead-in to the
primetime game
and adding the
MLB Network
-produced
Intentional Talk
to
ESPN2
's daily lineup.
[18]
On April 12, 2018, ESPN began a supplemental
over-the-top
streaming service known as
ESPN+
.
[19]
After having last carried national-televised NHL games in 2004, ESPN and ABC agreed in March 2021 on a seven-year contract to televise games, with some airing on
ESPN+
and
Hulu
. The contract also awarded four of the seven Stanley Cup Finals to both ESPN and ABC. All other nationally televised games would air on
TBS
and
TNT
under a separate deal the league struck with
Turner Sports
the following month.
[20]
On August 8, 2023, ESPN and
Penn Entertainment
announced a deal to brand Penn's sportsbooks with ESPN branding. Penn's existing Barstool Sportsbook would be rebranded as ESPN Bet in fall 2023.
[21]
[22]
On February 6, 2024, ESPN announced a joint venture with
Fox Sports
and
TNT Sports
to offer
Venu Sports
, including the three organizations' main linear sports channels and associated media rights, beginning in fall 2024.
[23]
Additionally, the company plans to launch a "flagship" standalone streaming offering, including the ESPN and ESPN2 linear channels, in late summer or fall 2025.
[24]
Alongside its live sports broadcasts, ESPN also airs a variety of sports highlight, talk, and documentary-styled shows. These include:
Many of ESPN's documentary programs (such as
30 for 30
and
Nine for IX
) are produced by
ESPN Films
, a film division created in March 2008 as a restructuring of ESPN Original Entertainment, a programming division that was originally formed in 2001. 30 for 30 started airing in 2009 and continues airing to this day. Each episode is through the eyes of a well known filmmaker and has featured some of the biggest directors in Hollywood.
[25]
The
30 for 30
film
O.J.: Made in America
won the
Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature
in
2017
, the first such Oscar for ESPN.
[26]
Ultimate Fighting Championship
signed a five-year contract with ESPN starting 2019
[27]
on ESPN and ESPN+ which estimate every quarter 2 event on UFC on ESPN and 6 events on UFC Fight Night on ESPN+.
[28]
In March 2019, ESPN announced a new betting-themed daily program,
Daily Wager
, hosted by the network's gambling analyst Doug Kezirian.
[29]
The program was ESPN's first regularly scheduled program solely dedicated to gaming-related content. On May 14, 2019, ESPN announced a deal with casino operator
Caesars Entertainment
to establish an ESPN-branded studio at
The LINQ Hotel & Casino
in Las Vegas to produce betting-themed content.
[30]
In order to help offset the impact of COVID-19 on its business, Walt Disney CEO Bob Chapek indicated during a 4th quarter fiscal year 2021 earnings conference that the company would increase its presence in online sports betting, including in partnership with third parties.
[31]
[32]
In 2023,
The Pat McAfee Show
moved to ESPN as part of a five-year $85 million deal. The show replaced the Noon ET airing of
SportsCenter
and
This Just In with Max Kellerman
.
[33]
[34]
Since September 2006, ESPN has been integrated with the sports division of sister broadcast network
ABC
, with sports events televised on that network airing under the banner
ESPN on ABC
;
[35]
much of ABC's sports coverage since the rebranding has become increasingly limited to secondary coverage of sporting events whose broadcast rights are held by ESPN (such as
NBA
games,
NHL
games, and the
X Games
and its related qualifying events) as well as a limited array of events not broadcast on ESPN (most notably, the
NBA Finals
).
ESPN2
was launched on October 1, 1993. It carried a broad mix of event coverage from conventional sports?including
auto racing
,
college basketball
and
NHL
hockey?to
extreme sports
?such as
BMX
,
skateboarding
and
motocross
.
[36]
The "
ESPN BottomLine
", a
ticker
displaying sports news and scores during all programming that is now used by all of ESPN's networks, originated on ESPN2 in 1995.
[37]
In the late 1990s, ESPN2 was gradually reformatted to serve as a secondary outlet for ESPN's mainstream sports programming.
[38]
ESPNews
is a subscription television network that was launched on November 1, 1996, originally focusing solely on sports news, highlights, and
press conferences
. Since August 2010, the network has gradually incorporated encores of ESPN's various sports debate and entertainment shows and video
simulcasts
of
ESPN Radio
shows, in addition to sports news programming. Since the 2013 cancellation of
Highlight Express
,
[39]
programming consists mainly of rebroadcasts of
SportsCenter
. ESPNews also serves as an overflow feed due to programming conflicts caused by sporting events on the other ESPN networks.
ESPN Deportes
(
Spanish pronunciation:
[i.es.pi?en
de?po?tes]
, "ESPN Sports") is a subscription television network that was originally launched in July 2001 to provide Spanish simulcasts of certain Major League Baseball telecasts from ESPN. It became a 24-hour sports channel in January 2004.
ESPNU
is a subscription television network that launched on March 4, 2005, that focuses on
college athletics
including basketball, football,
baseball
, college swimming, and
ice hockey
.
The
Longhorn Network
is a subscription television network that was launched on August 26, 2011, focusing on events from the
Texas Longhorns
varsity sports teams of the
University of Texas at Austin
.
[40]
It features events from the 20 sports sanctioned by the Texas athletic department, along with original programming (including historical, academic and cultural content).
SEC Network
is a subscription television network that launched on August 14, 2014, focusing on the coverage of sporting events sanctioned by the
Southeastern Conference
. Created as a result of a 20-year broadcast partnership between the two entities, the network is a
joint venture
between the conference and ESPN Inc., which operates the network.
[41]
[42]
Launching on August 22, 2019, the
ACC Network
is a subscription television network that focuses on the sporting events of the
Atlantic Coast Conference
as part of a current agreement extending to the 2036?37 academic term as a joint venture of network operator ESPN Inc. and the ACC.
[43]
ESPN+ is an American over-the-top subscription video streaming service available in the United States, owned by the ESPN division of the Walt Disney Company, in partnership with ESPN Inc.
- ESPN HD
ESPN launched its
high definition
simulcast
feed, originally branded as
ESPNHD
, on March 30, 2003, with a broadcast of the
Texas Rangers
and the
Los Angeles Angels
(then the Anaheim Angels).
[44]
All studio shows based in Bristol and at L. A. Live, along with most live event telecasts on ESPN, are broadcast in high definition. ESPN is one of the few television networks with an all-digital infrastructure. Archived non-HD programming is presented in
4:3
standard definition
with
stylized pillarboxing
.
Pardon the Interruption
and
Around the Horn
began airing in HD on September 27, 2010, with the relocation of the production of both shows into the facility housing the
Washington, D.C.
, bureau for
ABC News
.
[45]
ESPN broadcasts HD programming in the
720p
resolution format, because ABC executives proposed a
progressive scan
signal that resolves fluid and high-speed motion in sports better, particularly during slow-motion replays.
[46]
The network's Digital Center itself natively holds
2160p
UHD/4K
operations and equipment.
[47]
[48]
In 2011, ESPNHD began to downplay its distinct promotional logo in preparation for the conversion of its standard definition feed from a
4:3
full-screen to a letterboxed format (via the application of the
AFD
#10 display flag), which occurred on June 1 of that year.
- WatchESPN
WatchESPN was a website for
desktop computers
, as well as an
application
for
smartphones
and
tablet computers
that allowed subscribers of participating pay-TV providers to watch live streams of programming from ESPN and its sister networks (except for ESPN Classic), including most sporting events, on computers, mobile devices,
Apple TV
,
Roku
and
Xbox Live
via their
TV Everywhere
login provided by their cable provider. The service originally launched on October 25, 2010, as ESPN Networks, a streaming service that provided a live stream of ESPN exclusive to
Time Warner Cable
subscribers.
[49]
ESPN3
, an online streaming service providing live streams and replays of global sports events that launched in 2005 as a separate website,
[50]
was incorporated into the WatchESPN platform on August 31, 2011.
[51]
Likewise,
ESPN+
was launched in April 2018 as an add-on subscription for $4.99 per month.
[52]
On June 1, 2019, WatchESPN was discontinued with the service's full merger into the ESPN app.
[
citation needed
]
- ESPN Events
ESPN Regional Television (formerly branded as ESPN Plus) is the network's
syndication
arm, which produces collegiate sporting events for free-to-air television stations throughout the United States (primarily those affiliated with networks such as
The CW
and
MyNetworkTV
or
independent stations
). ESPN Plus syndicates college football and basketball games from the
American Athletic Conference
,
Big 12 Conference
,
[53]
Mid-American Conference
,
Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
,
Sun Belt Conference
and the
Western Athletic Conference
.
[
citation needed
]
- ESPN on
Snapchat
ESPN distributes various content on
Snapchat
Discover, including a Snapchat-only version of
SportsCenter
.
[
citation needed
]
- ESPN MVP
ESPN MVP (initially known as Mobile ESPN) was a 2005 attempt at operating a
mobile virtual network operator
with exclusive mobile content, first as a phone feature, then after its termination into a
Verizon Wireless
paid service. Technologies developed for it have since been transferred to the network's successful mobile strategy in the
smartphone
era.
[
citation needed
]
- ESPN Classic
ESPN Classic
was a subscription television network that launched in 1995 as Classic Sports Network, founded by
Brian Bedol
and Steve Greenberg. ESPN Inc. purchased Classic Sports Network in 1997 for $175 million,
[54]
rebranding the channel to its current name the following year. The channel broadcasts notable archived sporting events (originally including events from past decades, but now focusing mainly on events from the 1990s and later), sports documentaries and sports-themed movies. It was discontinued on December 31, 2021.
International channels
edit
ESPN moved into the
sports betting
scene in November 2023 with plans to launch their sportsbook app "ESPN Bet" on November 14.
[55]
In a partnership with Penn Entertainment, ESPN Bet began in 17 states.
[56]
Once live, ESPN featured betting odds from their own sportsbook on their content.
ESPN has been criticized for focusing too much on men's college and professional sports, and very little on women's sports or extreme sports.
[57]
Baseball
,
ice hockey
, and
soccer
fans have also criticized ESPN for not giving their respective sports more coverage.
[58]
[59]
Other criticism has focused on ethnicity in ESPN's varying mediated forms, as well as carriage fees and issues regarding the exportation of ESPN content.
[60]
Some critics argue that ESPN's success is their ability to provide other enterprise and investigative sports news while competing with other hard sports-news-producing outlets such as
Yahoo! Sports
and
Fox Sports
.
[61]
Some scholars have challenged ESPN's journalistic integrity, calling for an expanded standard of professionalism to prevent biased coverage and conflicts of interest.
[62]
On October 8, 2019,
Deadspin
reported that an internal memo was sent to ESPN employees instructing them to avoid any political discussions regarding the
People's Republic of China
and
Hong Kong
in the aftermath of a tweet by Rockets general manager Daryl Morey.
[63]
This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
March 2022
)
|
- National Hispanic Media Coalition's "Outstanding Commitment and Outreach to the Latino Community", 2016
[64]
ESPN has won 232 Sports Emmy Awards in 35 years of eligibility.
[65]
In 2024, ESPN apologized for submitting fake names for Sports Emmy award consideration over many years, and returned 37 trophies that had been awarded to ineligible recipients to the
National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
.
[66]
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