한국   대만   중국   일본 
A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina | The Science of Nature Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
The Science of Nature Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pleurodira is a clade of Gondwanan turtles that reached Europe at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous. It is recognized as the most abundant and diverse group of freshwater turtles in the uppermost Cretaceous record of this continent, being represented by several members of Bothremydidae. Two well-preserved and relatively complete skulls are studied in this paper. They come from lower Eocene levels of the French locality of Saint-Papoul (Aude). These specimens are recognized as attributable to a new taxon, Tartaruscola teodorii gen. et sp. nov., identified as a bothremydid. This new form constitutes the only known unambiguous and valid representative of Bothremydidae in the Cenozoic of Europe. The new taxon is diagnosed by several autapomorphies and also by an exclusive combination of characters. It is one of the few members of Bothremydini identified in the Cenozoic record and the only one described for the Eocene outside of the Ouled Abdoun Basin of Morocco. Tartaruscola teodorii is identified as a member of Foxemydina, a clade recognized here as exclusive of the European record, and whose presence in post-Mesozoic levels is demonstrated in this paper. The European Foxemydina T. teodorii and the African Bothremydina Bothremys kellyi , both from the Ypresian, are the youngest members of Bothremydini hitherto known.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price includes VAT (Korea(Rep.))

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Batsch GC (1788) Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniss und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien. Akademische Buchhandlung Jena 1:1?528

  • Baur G (1891) Notes on some little known American fossil tortoises. Proc Acad Natl Sci Phila 43:411?430

    Google Scholar  

  • Bergounioux F-M (1954) Les Cheloniens fossiles des terrains tertiaires del Venetie. Memoire degli istituti di Geologica e Mineralogia dell’Universita di Padova 18:1?115

  • Broin F. de (1977) Contribution a l’etude des Cheloniens. Cheloniens continentaux du Cretace et du Tertiaire de France. Memoir Mus Natl Hist Nat 38:1?366

  • Broin F. de (1988) Les tortues et le Gondwana. Examen des rapports entre le fractionnement du Gondawana et la dispersion geographique des tortues pleurodires a partir du Cretace. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, Studia Palaeocheloniologica 2:103?142

  • Cadena EA, Bloch JI, Jaramillo CA (2012) New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia. J Paleontol 86:688?698

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Carrington da Costa J (1940) Um novo quelonio fossil. Comun Serv Geol Port 21:107?125

  • Cope ED (1864) On the limits and relations of the Raniformes. Proc Acad Natl Sci Phila 16:181?183

    Google Scholar  

  • Cope ED (1868) On the origin of genera. Proc Acad Natl Sci Phila 20:242?300

    Google Scholar  

  • de la Fuente M (2003) Two new Pleurodiran turtles from the Portezuelo formation (Upper Cretaceous) of northern Patagonia, Argentina. J Paleontol 77:559?575

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Dollo L (1913) Podocnemis congolensis , tortue fluviatile nouvelle du Montien (Paleocene inferieur) du Congo et l’evolution des cheloniens fluviatiles. Ann Mus Congo Belge, A 3:49?65

  • Gaffney ES, Tong H (2003) Phosphatochelys , a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusioides: Bothremydidae) from the Paleocene of Morocco. B Am Mus Nat Hist 279: 644?659

  • Gaffney ES, Moody RTJ, Walker CA (2001) Azabbaremys , a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Paleocene of Mali. Am Mus Novit 3320:1?16

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Gaffney ES, Tong H, Meylan PA (2006) Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 300:1?700

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Gaffney ES, Roberts E, Sissoko F, Bouare ML, Tapanila L, O’Leary MA (2007) Acleistochelys , a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Paleocene of Mali. Am Mus Novit 3549:1?24

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Gaudry A (1890) Les enchainements du monde animal dans les temps geologiques. Fossiles secondaires. Savy, Paris

  • Goloboff PA, Farris JS, Nixon KC (2008) TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24:774?786

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Joyce WG, Parham JF, Gauthier JA (2004) Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles. J Paleontol 78:989?1013

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • de Lapparent de Broin F (2000) African chelonians from the Jurassic to the Present: phases of development and preliminary catalogue of the fossil record. Palaeontol Electron 36:43?82

    Google Scholar  

  • de Lapparent de Broin F (2001) The European turtle fauna from the Triassic to the Present. Dumerilia 4:155?216

    Google Scholar  

  • de Lapparent de Broin F, Werner C (1998) New late cretaceous turtles from the western desert, Egypt. Ann Paleontol 84:131?214

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • de Lapparent de Broin F, Murelaga X, Farres F, Altimiras J (2014) An exceptional cheloniid turtle, Osonachelus decorata nov. gen., nov. sp., from the Eocene (Bartonian) of Catalonia (Spain). Geobios 47:111?132

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Laurent Y, Tong H, Claude J (2002) New side-necked turtle (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae) from the Upper Maastrichtian of the Petites-Pyrenees (Haute-Garonne, France). Cretac Res 23:465?471

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Leidy J (1856) Notices of remains of extinct turtles of New Jersey, collected by Prof. Cook, of the state geological survey, under the direction of Dr. W. Kitchell. Proc Acad Natl Sci Phila 8:303?304

    Google Scholar  

  • Leidy J (1865) Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 14:1?135

  • Martin JE, Delfino M (2010) Recent advances in the comprehension of the biogeography of Cretaceous European eusuchians. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 293:406?418

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Matheron P (1869) Notice sur les reptiles fossils des depots fluvio-lacustres cretaces du bassin a lignite de Fuveau. Mem. Acad. Sci. Marseille 1868?1869:1?39

  • Merle D (coord.) (2008) Stratotype Lutetien . Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris

  • Owen R (1842) Report on British fossil reptiles. Part II. Brit. Assoc. Report 1841: 60?204

  • Perez-Garcia A (2012) Berruchelus russelli gen. et sp. nov., a paracryptodiran turtle from the Cenozoic of Europe. J Vertebr Paleontol 32:545?556

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Perez-Garcia A, de Lapparent de Broin F (2014) An update on the diachronous migration to Europe of several Gondwanan lineages of pleurodiran turtles. In: Pankhurst RJ, Castineiras P, Sanchez Martinez S (eds) Abstract book of gondwana 15. North meets South, Madrid, p 137

    Google Scholar  

  • Perez-Garcia A, de Lapparent de Broin F (2015) New insights into the anatomy and systematic of ‘ Papoulemys ’ laurenti , a representative of Neochelys (Chelonii, Podocnemididae) from the early Eocene of the south of France. Palaontol Z 89:901?923

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Perez-Garcia A, Ortega F, Murelaga X (2012) A new genus of Bothremydidae (Chelonii, Pleurodira) in the Cretaceous of Southwestern Europe. Geobios 45:219?229

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Rabi M, Tong H, Botfalvai G (2012) A new species of the side-necked turtle Foxemys (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the late Cretaceous of Hungary and the historical biogeography of the Bothremydini. Geol Mag 149:662?674

    Article   Google Scholar  

  • Ristori G (1895) Di un nuovo Chelonio fossile del Miocene dell’Isola di Malta. Atti Soc Toscana Sci Nat 14:3?17

  • Roman F (1897) Recherches stratigraphiques et paleontologiques dans le Bas-Languedoc. Ann Univ Lyon 34:1?366

  • Romano PSR, Gallo V, Ramos RRC, Antonioli L (2014) Atolchelys lepida , a new side-necked turtle from the early Cretaceous of Brazil and the age of crown Pleurodira. Biol Lett 10:20140290

    Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

  • Schmidt KP (1931) A fossil turtle from Peru. Field museum of natural history. Geology 4:251?254

    Google Scholar  

  • Schmidt KP (1940) A new turtle of the genus Podocnemis from the Cretaceous of Arkansas. Field museum of natural history. Geology 8:1?12

    Google Scholar  

  • Tong H (1998) Pleurodiran turtles from the Eocene of Saint-Papoul (Aude), Southern France. Oryctos 1:43?53

    Google Scholar  

  • Tong H, Gaffney ES, Buffetaut E (1998) Foxemys , a new side-necked turtle (Bothremydidae: Pelomedusoides) from the late Cretaceous of France. Am Mus Novit 3251:1?19

    Google Scholar  

  • Walker CA (1966) Podocnemis somaliensis , a new pleurodiran turtle from the middle Eocene of Somalia. Palaeontology 9:511?516

    Google Scholar  

  • Zalmout IS, Mustafa HA, Wilson JA (2005). Karkaemys arabicus , a new side-necked turtle. (Pleurodira, Bothremydidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Wadi Umm Ghudran Formation of Karak, Jordan. Contr Mus Geol Univ Michigan 31:155?177

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research activity of A. P.-G. is funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (FPDI-2013-18986) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (research projects CGL2012-35199 and CGL2015-68363-P), and received support from several Synthesys projects ( http://synthesys3.myspecies.info/ ), financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 (BE-TAF-5271, FR-TAF-4237 and GB-TAF-4187). Author thanks C. Mehling, M. Norell and E.S. Gaffney (AMNH, EEUU), H. Tong (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, China), C. Corral (MCNA, Spain), J. Le Loeuff (Musee des Dinosaures d’Esperaza, France), T. Tortosa (Museum d’Histoire Naturelle d’Aix-en-Provence, France), S. Bailon (Anatomie Comparee, MNHN, France), F. de Lapparent de Broin, R. Allain and N.-E. Jalil (Paleontologie, MNHN), A. Lalis, L. Pierre and B. Yves (Zoologie des Reptiles, MNHN), A. Osi and M. Rabi (Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Hungary), S. Chapman (NHMUK, UK), F. Mees (RMCA, Belgium), E. Jimenez Fuentes and S. Martin de Jesus (STUS, Spain), and A. Mechin and P. Mechin (Vitrolles, France) for access to fossil and extant pleurodiran specimens used for the comparisons performed here; the Editor Sven Thatje, Daniel Lawver, and three other anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions; P. Mocho (UNED) for the photos included in the figures of this paper; and, specially, D. Teodori (Toulouse, France) for the donation of the specimens studied here. E. Sicamois, responsible for the Terreal quarry of Saint-Papoul, gave the first authorization to D. Teodori for the access to this quarry, and facilitated the mechanical means necessary to carry out the paleontological excavations in this locality. The Willi Hennig Society sponsors the TNT cladistics software.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Biologia Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Adan Perez-Garcia

Authors
  1. Adan Perez-Garcia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed  Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adan Perez-Garcia .

Additional information

Communicated by: Sven Thatje

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(NEX 13?kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Perez-Garcia, A. A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina. Sci Nat 103 , 50 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1375-y

Download citation

  • Received :

  • Revised :

  • Accepted :

  • Published :

  • DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1375-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation