한국   대만   중국   일본 
???????? ???? - ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????

???????? ????

?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????

???????? ???????? ??? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? [?]

????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ? ????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????????? [?]

????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ?????: ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ? Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)

?????? ????? [ ???????? ]

??????????? [ ???????? ]

???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? [?] ?? ???? ? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? [?] ? ????????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? [?] ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? [?] ? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????

???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? [?] :140 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? [?] :140

?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? [?] :140 ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????????

???? [ ???????? ]

????? ??????: ???? ?? ????? ?????
??????? ?????????

?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ? ????? ???? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????????? [?????? ?] ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? [?]

???????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??????: ???? ?? ????????

???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? [?] ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? [?] ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? [?] [?]

????? [ ???????? ]

???????? ?????: ?? ?? ?????
??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????

?????? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? [??] ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? [??] ???????? ?????? ???? (Archaic ,??????? ???????) ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? [??]

???? ?? ??????? ??? (?????? ?? ????? ??????????) ??? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ( ???? ???? ?????? ???:ο?κο?, plural: ο?κοι ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???) ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ( ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ≪??????≫? ≪???????≫ ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? [??] ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? [??] ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? [??] ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? [??] ?? ??? ????? ?? ( medimnos) ??? ?? ???? [??] ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? (???????????) [?????? ?] [??] ) ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????????????? ? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? [??] ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????????????? ????? ???? [??] ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? (medimnos ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? medimnos ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? [?????? ?] ) ?? ?????? medimnos ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? [??] ? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? [??] ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? (?????? ????? ???????????? ?????????) [??] ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ≪???? ?? ????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????≫ -????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? (????????? [?????? ?] [?????? ?] ) ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ???? [??]

? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? %?? ?? %?? ???? ?????? ???? [??] [??] ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???? [??] ?? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? [??] ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? [??] [??] ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? [??]

????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? [??] ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ≪????? ??? ? ??? ?????????????≫ ? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ≪???????≫ ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???????? ??????? ≪???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????≫ [??] ???????? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????????????? [??] ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ? ???????? ????? [??]

??? [ ???????? ]

???????? ?????: ?? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????

???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????? [??] ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? (????????? - ?????????) ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????. [??] ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? [?????? ?] ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????? [??]

?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? [??] ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? [??] ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ≪??????≫ ?? ??????? ? ?????????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????? [??]

??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? (????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? (gladiator)? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? [??] ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? (ius tritium liberorum- ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????) ???????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? [??]

?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? (??) ?? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? (????)? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? (??) ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? [??] ??? ???? ( manus ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? [??] ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? [??] ? ?????????? (????) ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? (??) [??] ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ( sui iuris ) ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? [??] ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? [??] ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? [??] ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? [??]

????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ???? [??] ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????? ???? [??] ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? [??]

????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? [??] ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? [??]

????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? [??] [??]

???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ?? ? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????. [??] ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????????????. [??] ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? (?? ?????? ? ?? ?? ???) [??] ???? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? [??]

??????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ^ ????????????? ??? ? ???? ? ?????
  2. ^ ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? Cartledge ??????? ???? ?? ?????? kurioi ????? ??????
  3. ^ ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????
  4. ^ ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ( ???????? ???
  5. ^ ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????: Blundell, Sue (1995). Women in Ancient Greece . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  6. ^ ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???

?????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ^ Hosken, Fran P. , 'Towards a Definition of Women's Rights' in Human Rights Quarterly , Vol. 3, No. 2. (May 1981), pp. 1?10.
  2. ^ Lockwood, Bert B. (ed.), Women's Rights: A "Human Rights Quarterly" Reader (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), ISBN   978-0-8018-8374-3 .
  3. ^ ? ? ? ? Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963), The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character , Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, p.  78 , ISBN   978-0-226-45238-8
  4. ^ ? ? ? Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea (1998), Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia , Daily Life, Greenwood, ISBN   978-0-313-29497-6
  5. ^ Joshua J. Mark (4 November 2016). "Women in Ancient Egypt" . Ancient History Encyclopedia . Retrieved 26 July 2017 .
  6. ^ Madhok, Sujata. "Women: Background & Perspective" . InfoChange India . Archived from the original on 24 July 2008 . Retrieved 24 December 2006 . ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  7. ^ Mishra, R. C. (2006). Women in India: towards gender equality . New Delhi: Authorspress. ISBN   9788172733063 . Details.
  8. ^ Varttika by Katyayana , 125, 2477
  9. ^ Comments to Ashtadhyayi 3.3.21 and 4.1.14 by Patanjali
  10. ^ ? ? Nardo, Don (2000). Women of Ancient Greece . San Diego: Lucent Books. p.  28 .
  11. ^ Gerhard, Ute (2001). Debating women's equality: toward a feminist theory of law from a European perspective . Rutgers University Press. p. 33. ISBN   978-0-8135-2905-9 .
  12. ^ Schaps, D.M. (1998). "What Was Free about a Free Athenian Woman?". Transactions of the American Philological Society . 128 : 164.
  13. ^ Pomeroy, Sarah B. (1994). Goddesses, whores, wives and slaves: women in classical antiquity . London: Pimlico. p. 64. ISBN   978-0-7126-6054-9 .
  14. ^ Goldhill, Simon. "Representing Democracy: Women at the Great Dionysia". In Osborne, Robin; Hornblower, Simon (eds.). Ritual, Finance, Politics: Athenian Democratic Accounts Presented to David Lewis . Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 357.
  15. ^ ? ? Foxhall, Lin (1989). "Household, Gender, and Property in Classical Athens" . The Classical Quarterly . 39 (1): 22?44. doi : 10.1017/S0009838800040465 .
  16. ^ Pomeroy, Sarah B. (1994). Goddesses, whores, wives and slaves: women in classical antiquity . London: Pimlico. p. 62. ISBN   978-0-7126-6054-9 .
  17. ^ ? ? ? Blundell, Sue (1995). Women in ancient Greece, Volume 1995, Part 2 . Harvard University Press. p. 114. ISBN   978-0-674-95473-1 .
  18. ^ Robinson, Eric W. (2004). Ancient Greek democracy: readings and sources . Wiley-Blackwell. p. 302. ISBN   978-0-631-23394-7 .
  19. ^ ? ? ? Pry, Kay O (2012). "Social and Political Roles of Women in Athens and Sparta" . Sabre and Scroll . 1 (2). Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
  20. ^ ? ? ? Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddess, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity . New York: Schocken Books, 1975. pp. 60?62.
  21. ^ Tierney, Helen (1999). Women's studies encyclopaedia, Volume 2 . Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 609?10. ISBN   978-0-313-31072-0 .
  22. ^ Pomeroy, Sarah B. Spartan Women . Oxford University Press, 2002. p. 137 [?]
  23. ^ Pomeroy 2002 , p. 34
  24. ^ Robinson, Eric W. (2004). Ancient Greek democracy: readings and sources . Wiley-Blackwell. p. 300. ISBN   978-0-631-23394-7 .
  25. ^ Gerhard, Ute (2001). Debating women's equality: toward a feminist theory of law from a European perspective . Rutgers University Press. pp. 32?35. ISBN   978-0-8135-2905-9 .
  26. ^ ? ? ? Colish, Marcia L. (1990). The Stoic Tradition from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages: Stoicism in classical Latin literature . BRILL. pp. 37?38. ISBN   978-90-04-09327-0 .
  27. ^ ? ? ? ? Smith, Bonnie G (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Se . London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.  422?25 . ISBN   978-0-19-514890-9 .
  28. ^ A.N. Sherwin-White , Roman Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 211 and 268; Bruce W. Frier and Thomas A.J. McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law (Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 31?32, 457, et passim .
  29. ^ Walter Eck, "The Emperor and His Advisors", Cambridge Ancient History (Cambridge University History, 2000), p. 211.
  30. ^ ? ? David Johnston, Roman Law in Context (Cambridge University Press, 1999), chapter 3.3; Frier and McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law , Chapter IV; Yan Thomas, "The Division of the Sexes in Roman Law", in A History of Women from Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints (Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 134.
  31. ^ Yan Thomas, "The Division of the Sexes in Roman Law", in A History of Women from Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints (Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 133.
  32. ^ Frier and McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law , p. 20.
  33. ^ Eva Cantarella , Pandora's Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987), pp. 140?41; J.P. Sullivan, "Martial's Sexual Attitudes", Philologus 123 (1979), p. 296, specifically on sexual freedom.
  34. ^ Beryl Rawson, "The Roman Family", in The Family in Ancient Rome: New Perspectives (Cornell University Press, 1986), p. 15.
  35. ^ Frier and McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law , pp. 19?20, 22.
  36. ^ Frier and McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law , pp. 19?20.
  37. ^ Frier and McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law , p. 95.
  38. ^ Garrett G. Fagan, "Violence in Roman Social Relations", in The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations (Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 487.
  39. ^ Frier and McGinn, A Casebook on Roman Family Law, p. 461; W.V. Harris, "Trade", in The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire A.D. 70?192 (Cambridge University Press, 2000), vol. 11, p. 733.
  40. ^ Richard A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome (Routledge, 1992, 1994), p. 50.
  41. ^ Bauman, Women and Politics , pp. 50?51; Juvenal, Satire 6, on women busy in the courts.
  42. ^ Ariadne Staples, From Good Goddess to Vestal Virgins: Sex and Category in Roman Religion (Routledge, 1998), pp. 81?82; Jane F. Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society (Indiana University Press, 1991), pp. 118ff. Roman law also recognized rape committed against males .
  43. ^ Under the Lex Aquilia ; Thomas A.J. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 314; Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society , p. 119.
  44. ^ Beth Severy, Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Empire (Routledge, 2002; Taylor & Francis, 2004), p. 4.
  45. ^ Thomas McGinn, "Concubinage and the Lex Iulia on Adultery", Transactions of the American Philological Association 121 (1991), p. 342; Nussbaum, "The Incomplete Feminism of Musonius Rufus", p. 305, noting that custom "allowed much latitude for personal negotiation and gradual social change"; Elaine Fantham , " Stuprum : Public Attitudes and Penalties for Sexual Offences in Republican Rome", in Roman Readings: Roman Response to Greek Literature from Plautus to Statius and Quintilian (Walter de Gruyter, 2011), p. 124, citing Papinian , De adulteriis I and Modestinus , Liber Regularum I. Eva Cantarella , Bisexuality in the Ancient World (Yale University Press, 1992, 2002, originally published 1988 in Italian), p. 104; Catherine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 34?35.
  46. ^ Ratnapala, Suri (2009). Jurisprudence . Cambridge University Press. pp. 134?35. ISBN   978-0-521-61483-2 .
  47. ^ Marietta Horster , "Primary Education", in The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World (Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 90.
  48. ^ Beryl Rawson, Children and Childhood in Roman Italy (Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 80.

??????? ??????????? [ ???????? ]

???????? ?? ≪ https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=????????_????&oldid=1203556 ≫