???????

??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ? ??? ????????. ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ≪???????≫ ????????? ? ???? ???????????? ?? ≪???????? - ??????≫. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????.

?? ???????? [ ???????? ]

?? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? ??????: ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????????. ^[?] ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????.

??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????: ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????.

??????? ?? ??????? (?????) ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????.

??????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ?? ?????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????. ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????.

??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????: ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.

???????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?????????? ?? ????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?????????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????.

???????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???. ?? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ^[?]

???????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ^[?]

??????? ?? ???? (?????) [ ???????? ]

??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????.

???????? ????? (??????) [ ???????? ]

?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ? ????.

????? ???? [ ???????? ]

?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????. ^[?]^[?] ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????. ?? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????. ^[?]

????????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????????????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????.

??????? ????? [ ???????? ]

?????????

?????????? [ ???????? ]

^ "Voting ? GOV.UK" . www.gov.uk (?? ????????) . Retrieved 2018-06-09 .
^ Illiterate voters: Making their mark The Economist, 5 April 2014
^ Voting methods in Estonia: Statistics about Internet Voting in Estonia VVK
^ Gambia vote a roll of the marbles The Telegrapgh, 29 November 2016
^ ????? ?????????: ???? <ref> ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? BBC ???????
^ Gambia election: Voters use marbles to choose president BBC News, 30 November 2016

??????? ??????????? [ ???????? ]

[1] "Voting ? GOV.UK" . www.gov.uk (?? ????????) . Retrieved 2018-06-09 .

[2] Illiterate voters: Making their mark The Economist, 5 April 2014

[3] Voting methods in Estonia: Statistics about Internet Voting in Estonia VVK

[4] Gambia vote a roll of the marbles The Telegrapgh, 29 November 2016

[BBC-5] ????? ?????????: ???? <ref> ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? BBC ???????

[6] Gambia election: Voters use marbles to choose president BBC News, 30 November 2016

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]